英语写作句子基本训练.doc

英语写作技巧与实践 (1) (句子篇 )l 1、主语+动词（S V）l 2、主语+动词+宾语 （S V O）l 3、主语+动词+补语 （S V C）l 4、主语+动词+状语 （S V A）l 5、主语+动词+宾语+状语 （S V O A）l 6、主语+动词+宾语+补语 （S V O C）l 7、主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 （S V Oi Od）l 从以上基本句型看，英语的句子是围绕主语和动词进行的，因此在句子写作是主语和动词是永远的中心和首选，其它成分根据内容要求适当填补。课堂练习（汉译英）l 1、学生们在学习。l The students are diligently studying.l 2、人群欢呼起来。l The crowd cheered.l 3、随身听不好使了。l The walkman doesnt work.l 4、隔墙有耳。l The wall has ears.l 5、我给自己伤着了。l I hurt myselfl 6、志强写了一篇漂亮的作文。l Zhiqiang wrote a beautiful article.l 7、他是我的好朋友之一。l He is one of the best friends of mine.l 8、李勇被选为学生会主席。l Li Yong was elected chairman of the Students Union.l 9、中国是个伟大的国家。l China is a great country.l 10、他住在美国。l He lives in the United States.l 16、天冷了，树叶黄了。l It is cold, and leaves are turning yellow.l 17、父母认为他们的孩子是个天才。l The parents thought the child a genius.l 18、许多外商把中国看成是个巨大的市场。l Many foreign businessmen regard China as a huge market.l 19、他的夫人给他买了一份漂亮的领带。l His wife bought him a beautiful tie.l 20、教授给我们看了他的影集。l The professor showed us his photo album. 英语句子通过连词（状语从句）、关系词（定语从句）和分词、动名词及不定式来构成句子，因此它的句子构成方式是“形合”的。汉语句子则不同，它的句子往往是平行的，是通过意思和在一起的，因而是“意合”的。l 例如，汉语一个句子里可集结几个动词，“人们认为去看电影会花很多钱。”，而英语一个句子只允许有一个主要动词，其他表示动作的次只能以非谓语形式或从句形式出现。这是因为汉语中一个字不作任何变化，可以充当动词、名词、形容词或其他词性，而英语中一个词用作不同的词性有词形的变化。l 根据句子语法结构，英语可分为简单句，并列句，复合句。 简单句 简单句可以独立存在，所以也称独立句。简单句有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 a. I dont know her very well. b. He criticized and punished me: not two or three times in the week, nor once or twice in the day, but continually. c. They entered the room, singing and dancing.l 并列句l 并列句由两个或两个以上简单句子组成。通过使用标点符号，并列连词，连接副词等语言手段，将简单句子连接成并列句子。l 1）并列连词：and, but, or, for, yet, so , norl 2）besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, also（表示附加）l likewise, in the same way, similarly（表示类似）l however, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, otherwise, in contrast, on the other hand（表示对照和转折）l accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, as a result, for this reason（表示因果关系）l thus, thereby, by this means, in this manner（表示手段与结果）l for example, for instance, in fact, in particular, indeed（表示加强语气或举例）l meanwhile, then, subsequently, afterwards, earlier, later（表示时间顺序）l 并列连词同逗号一起使用；连接副词连接的并列句，通常在第一个分句后面有分号，连接副词如果位于第二个分句句首，其后用逗号；如果在第二个分句中间，则在其两端用逗号同句子分开。连接副词如果同并列连词一起使用，就不用分号，而用逗号。l A. The book is very good, but it is too expensive for me. l B. Some students are cleaning the window, and some others are sweeping the floor.l C.I t was late, thus you must go. （15）句子种类练习1、没有我的帮助他们完成不了工作，所以他们找到了我。 They cant finish their work without my help, so they came for my help.l 2、我非常喜欢这部电影，但我的哥哥却很讨厌它。 I am fond of this movie, but my brother doesntt like it.l 3、此外，刘强还学了如何操作电脑。 In addition, Liu Qiang learned how to operate a computer.l 4、他很聪明，可另一方面，他却出错很多。 He is very intelligent, on the other hand, he made many mistakes.l 5、他跌倒了，腿骨折了。结果是，他两个月将不能上课。 He fell down and hurt his leg. As a result, he was unable to go to class for two months.l 6、李娜昨晚参加晚会了，因此没有做功课。 Li Na went to the party yesterday evening, so she didntt do her assignments.l 7、妈妈去商店了，同时，我在家里准备晚餐。 Mother went shopping, meanwhile I was cooking dinner at home.l 8、她好像不想去参加派对。另外，她的衣着也不够好。 She didntt seemed to go to the party, beside, her clothes were not good enough.l 9、你们班一些同学英语很好，比如，王刚英语说得很棒。 Some students from your class are good at English, for instance, Wang Gang is a very good speaker.l 10、他一点不介意。实际上，他很高兴。 He didntt mind. As a matter of fact, he was very pleased.l 复合句l 复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句组成。从句是在句子中充当一个句子成分的主谓结构， 在句子中居次要地位，不能作为句子单独存在。根据从句在句子中的作用，从句可分为名词性从句、形容词从句、副词从句。这些从句必须由从属连词、关系代词、关系副词引导，依赖主句而存在，不能单独成为句子。 名词性从句l 1）动词主语的名词从句l That money doesnt grow on trees should be obvious.l It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.l 2）作动词宾语的名词从句l Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on treesl 3）描写感情的形容词之后的名词从句l Im sorry that you failed again.l (sorry, sure, glad, pleased, sure, certain)l 4）疑问词引出的名词从句l I dont know whether he has signed the contract. l 6、在学校成绩优秀的学生毕业时很容易找到工作。l Those who do well at university can easily find a job after graduation.l 7、他告诉了我他没有通过大学英语四级的原因。l He told me the reasons why he had failed in the CET 4.l 8、我对他什么时