国航机务英语第三册（实践与提高）.doc

.ContentLesson 1.2Lesson 2.17Lesson 3.36Lesson 4.52Lesson 5.69Lesson 6.81Lesson 7. .91Lesson 8.103Lesson 9.118Lesson 10136Lesson 11149Lesson 12162Lesson 13179Lesson 14199Lesson oneTextParts of an AircraftOne of the main parts of the aircraft is the fuselage. On Air Chinas planes it consists of the cockpit, the passenger cabin and the cargo compartments. On cargo planes, the cabin is replaced by a cargo compartment. Fuel is contained in three tanks in the wings and wing center section. In some versions of the planes, an auxiliary tank can be installed in a part of the cargo compartment. The fuselage is formed from circumferential frames, longitudinal stringers and skin. The fuselage is divided horizontally by the floor, which is built up from beams and panels.The wings are another main part of the aircraft. Basic wing structure consists of left, center, and right wing sections. These are built up from the front spar, rear spar, ribs, top and bottom skins and stringers. The wing ribs in the tanks prevent a surge effect in the fuel tank.There are various control surfaces located on the wings. On most aircraft, leading edge flaps and slats are located on the front of the wings. Leading edge flaps are sometimes called Krueger flaps. There are also inboard and outboard flaps on the trailing edge. These control surfaces are hydraulically powered and are only extended or retracted during take-off and landing.On a modern aircraft, there are inboard ailerons for roll control and outboard ailerons for low airspeed flight. The upper surface of the wing also contains spoilers. They are operated by hydraulic pressure and are used for braking.Another main part of the aircraft is the tail section. This consists of the vertical stabilizer, sometimes known as the fin, and the horizontal stabilizer. Longitudinal trim is accomplished by movement of the horizontal stabilizer. The elevators are attached to the trailing edge of this stabilizer and provide additional pitch control. The rudder is used for directional and yaw control.The last two main parts of the plane are the engines and the landing gear. As a rule, the engines are attached under the wings, but, in the case of the modern aircraft, the two side engines are mounted on struts outboard of the fuselage. The center engine is mounted aft of the fuselage structure below the vertical fin. The inlet for the center engine is above the fuselage, and air intake is through an S-shaped duct. The landing gear consists of the main gear which is attached to the wing rear spar and retracts to stow under the main cabin aft of the wing rear spar. The nose gear is retracted forward into a wheel well in the lower nose compartment. The nose gear is used for maneuvers on the ground. The landing gear is retracted and extended hydraulically. Vocabularyfuselagen.机身cockpitn.驾驶舱compartmentn.舱位sectionn.段auxiliarya.辅助的circumferentiala.周向的longitudinala.纵向的stringern.长桁leading edge flap前橼襟翼slatn.缝翼krueger flaps克鲁格襟翼trailing edge flaps后橼襟翼extendv.放出retractv.收回aileronn.副翼spoilern.扰流板tail section尾部mountv.安装attachv.安装reara.后部的strutn.吊架vt.支撑verticala.垂直的stabilizern.安定面accomplishv.完成in case of假设horizontala.水平的Exercise1.Choose the correct word:a. My watch ( is are was) made in Japan.b. Boeing 747s (is are were) manufactured in Seattle.c. Flights to Peking (was are were introduced in 1980.d. The frequency (is was will be) increased to daily service next year.e. Your final test (is was will be) corrected by your teacher.f. Faults (is are were) prevented by good maintenance.g. That pilot (is are was) trained in Bremen and Phoenix, too.h. Coffee (is are was) served on all Air Chinas flights.i. This building (is are was) built in 1970.j. This material ( is are was) prepared by English teachers.k. Your salary ( is are was ) paid around the 25th of every month.l. These examples ( are were will be) written to help you understand your manuals.m. That building (is was will be) completed in two years.n. Air Chinas aircraft ( is - are will be ) checked before each flight.o. The Boeing 747 (is are will be) used on intercontinental flights.p. The new Boeing 737s ( are was will be) used on short haul flights.2. Make sentences from the words given.Example:The 747 manufacture the U.S.A., SeattleThe 747 is manufactured in the U.S.A., Seattle.a. Airbuses manufacture Europe.b. The planes check after each flightc. Flight Engineer train Air China Training centre.d. Li Ming employ 1989e. The new highway complete next yearf. This school build 1970g. English speak UK and USA.h. The 747 overhaul in Ameco last May3.Translate the following sentence into Chinese:a. Scheduled services were introduced in 1955.b. The 747 was overhauled in Beijing last year.c. The A-check was included in this check.d. All major components were replaced during the overhaul.e. The plane was repainted three weeks ago.f. Some modifications were carried out yesterday.g. That plane was overhauled in Ameco.h. The school was opened 21 years ago.i. The first Airbus was delivered in February 1976.j. The tire pressure was checked before the flight.k. The airport building was extended last year.l. A new 737-800 was delivered last year.4.Choose the answer with correct tense:a. Runway 25 ( was / has been) extended.b. When the defective part (was / has been) removed, the new part can be installed.c. The CF6 engine (was / has been) used on three aircraft types at Air China for several years.d. When the landing gear (was / has been ) retracted, the door close over it.e. Many design modifications (were / have been) made to reduce aircraft noise.f. The prices for gas and electricity (have been / were) increased again.g. The 737-300 (are / have been) replaced by 737-800.h. The material (was / has been) ordered, but it (wasnt / hasnt been) delivered yet.i. Flights to Berlin (have been / were) suspended.j. The new airport terminal in Beijing ( was / has been) built for over ten years now.5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:a.The fuselage is divided horizontally by the floor, which is built up from beams and panels.b. Basic wing structure consists of left, center and right wing sections.c. There are various control surfaces located on the wings.d. The control surfaces are hydraulically powered.e. Longitudinal trim is accomplished by movement of the horizontal stabilizer.f. The elevators are attached to the trailing edge of the stabilizer and provide additional pitch control.g. The rudder is used for directional and yaw control.h. The aircraft has two engines attached to the wings and one in the center of the fin.i. The landing gear is extended and retracted hydraulically.j. The nose gear is used for maneuvers on the ground.Supplementary ReadingThe Boeing 747The Boeing 747 marked the beginning of a new era in air transport, the Jumbo-age. The Jumbo carries about three times as many passengers as a Boeing 707 and its cargo capacity is three times the capacity of the 707s. The first Air China Jumbo went into service in April 1978 and there are about ten of these wide-body jets with the flying crane symbol on their fins. Air China has replaced the older 747s with the latest models which need less fuel and have increased engine power.The four huge engines consume about 14,500 liters of kerosene per hour. The air intake of the engines has a diameter of 2.19 meters. To mention a couple of other facts, the artificial horizon shows the pilot the aircrafts position in flight at any time. This is particularly important when visibility is low due to clouds or haze. The aircrafts weather radar equipment tells the pilot whether the clouds ahead are harmless or whether they hide possible turbulence.There are three different versions of the 747. They all have a wing-span of 59.64 meters and a length of 70.51 meters. The take-off weights, however, vary from 333 to 362 metric tons. The Air China passenger versions have room for up to 361 people to be carried over a maximum distance of 9,800 kilometers. The combi-version, the 747 SL, has 249 seats and an additional freight compartment for six freight pallets aft of the passenger cabin. A special side cargo door allows quick and easy access to this cargo compartment. All Jumbos provide further stowage for freight in their bellies underneath the cabin.The giant air freighter, which is loaded from the front by means of a hinged nose which moves upwards, and a side cargo door in the rear, was operated by Air China in 1983. This Jumbo freighter can carry about 100 metric tons of freight. The weight, which can be up to 362 metric tons, is supported by four main landing gears with four wheels each and a nose gear with two wheels. This means that each set of wheels puts less weight on the runway than those of a 707, which has half the total weight of the Jumbo.Listening and Comprehension1. Name the parts of fuselage:2. Name the structures of the fuselage:3. Name the five stresses that act on the airplane:4. Name the parts of the airplane:Listening MaterialAn aircraft has five main structural units which consist of the fuselage, the wings, the stabilizers, the flight control surfaces and the landing gears.The structure of each unit of an aircraft is made up of airframe components. Here for example, the nose forward fuselage.Airframe components are made up of various parts which are called structural members and include stringers, frames, bulkheads, ribs and other member which are mentioned in a later lesson. Structural members are connected to each other using brackets, rivets, bolts, screws and nuts which give strength to the fuselage.These structural members are designed to carry a load or resist stress. Generally, stress is created by the internal force of a substance which opposes or resists deformation. An aircraft can be affected by different types of stress during take-off, flight or landing.Five major types of stress that can affect the structure of an aircraft are tension compression, torsion, shear and bending.Tension is stress that resists the forces which pull it apart. For example, engine thrust pulls the aircraft forward, but air resistance holds the aircraft back and thus the result is tension. In order to calculate the tensile strength of a material, divide the load (in pounds) of the material by its cross-section area (in square inches). The result is psi.Compression is stress that resists a crushing force. It causes the aircraft part to shorten or squeeze together. Generally, you can also measure compressive strength in psi.Torsion is stress that causes twisting. In this example, this happens when the rudder is deflected.Shear is stress which resists a force which causes a layer of material to slide over an adjacent layer of material. When there are 2 riveted plates that are under tension. Shear stress causes the rivets to be affected by a shearing force.Shear strength of a material is usually either equal to or less than its tensile or compressive strength.Bending stress is a combination of compression and tension. In this example, compression occurs on the lower side of the fuselage and tension occurs on the upper side of the fuselage.Group workDiscussing topicWhen checking for leakage, pressurize applicable systems and examine all components, hydraulic fittings and connecting lines. Pin hole leaks may be detected by noting damp spots on the airplane and tracing run-back fluid to locate source of leak. When disconnecting hydraulic lines during removal of components take care to prevent spillage of hydraulic fluid. Should fluid leak on the airplane or spill while performing maintenance, the affected area must be decontaminated.Lesson TwoTextElectric Power SystemA. GenerationEach of the 4 engines drives an Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) providing alternating current power. The APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) drives a fifth generator (APU GEN) which can supply all the aircraft network on ground or replace a main generator in flight.Two Transformer Rectifiers (TR) utilize the alternating current to supply the main direct current network. Another transformer rectifier (ESS TR) supplies the essential direct current network. Two batteries also supply direct current in some configurations. The APU TR or/and a battery (APU BAT) power supply the APU starter, depending on the aircraft configuration. In case of major failure, a constant speed hydraulic motor drives an emergency generator: both equipment forms an assembly called Constant Speed Motor/Generator (CSM/G). The function of the CSM/G is to supply the systems necessary to the aircraft control.B. General Arrangement of the Distribution Network(1) AC distribution networkThere are four distribution networks:- networks 1 and 2 associated to left side (side 1) generators (respectively IDG 1 and 2),- networks 3 and 4 associated to right side (side 2) generators (respectively IDG 3 and 4).In normal flight configuration each IDG supplies its own distribution network via its line contactor (GLC). The four IDGs are never electrically coupled.The distribution network 1 consists of:- the alternating current bus 1XP1 (AC BUS 1-1),- the alternating current essential bus 9XP (AC ESS BUS),- the alternating current sheddable essential bus 4XP (AC SHED ESS BUS).The distribution network 2 consists of:- the alternating current bus 1XP2 (AC BUS 1-2).The distribution network 3 consists of:- the alternating current bus 2XP3 (AC BUS 2-3).The distribution network 4 consists of:- the alternating current bus 2XP4 (AC BUS 2-4).- (2) DC Distribution NetworkThe TR1 powered from the AC BUS 1-2 supplies through its contactor:- the direct current bus 1PP (DC BUS 1),- the direct current bus 3PP (DC BAT BUS).The TR2 powered from the AC BUS 2-3 supplies through its contactor:- the direct current bus 2PP (DC BUS 2),- the direct current service bus 6PP (DC SERVICE BUS).The ESS TR powered from AC BUS 1-1 supplies through its contactor:- the direct current essential bus 4PP (DC ESS BUS),- the direct current sheddable essential bus 8PP (DC SHED ESS BUS).Two batteries are associated with the DC BAT BUS through their own contactor. They can also supply the static inverter during particular configurations.(3) Particular configurationsThe AC ESS BUS and the AC SHED ESS BUS plus, via the ESS TR, the DC ESS BUS and the DC SHED ESS BUS can be supplied by:- the AC BUS 2-4 in case of loss of the AC BUS 1-1,- the CSM/G more especially in emergency configuration.Vocabularyintegrated drive generator (IDG)整体传动发电机auxiliary辅助的replace更换alternate替补transformer rectifier变压整流器static inverter静变流机independent独立的comprise由组成correspond对应contactor触点upstream上游snapwire 剥线钳sealing pier 夹线钳dog teeth犬牙齿perception感觉Exercise1.Please answer the following questions to the text:a. What is the function of the two Integrated Drive Generators?b. Why is there a third generator?c. Are the two IDGs electrically coupled?d. Which power supplies are provided in certain failure configurations?e. What is the reason for the operational test?f. Is it allowed to actuate the disconnect with the engine shut down?g. When must you reset the disconnect?h. What can happen if you do not reset the disconnect before starting the engine?i. What does a “click” indicate?j. Does disconnecting the IDG with the engine below idle speed result in a complete separation of the dog teeth?2.Choose the word(s) with the same meaning. More than one possibility may be correct.a.consist of a. compriseb. put togetherc. constructd. Connectb. Enablea. ableb. make possiblec. make sured. make impossiblec. Perceptiona. indicatorb. testc. noticingd. mechanismd. Linka. joinb. linec. disconnectd. connecte. Unlessa. beforeb. if notc. whend. until6.energizea. turn onb. energyc. disengaged. impress3.Fill in the blanks with the correct words and if necessary change the grammatical form:consist of, either, enable, failure, linked, provide, disconnect, above, indicate, pulla. If there is a _ in one of the systems, the plane must be grounded.b. The cockpit crew _ a captain, a first officer and on some planes a flight engineer.c. Before you start the test, make sure you _ electrical power.d. A knowledge of the English language _ you to understand the Manuals.e. The pressure must not be _ 25 psi.f. Before you _ the IDG system, read the instructions carefully.g. The opposite of “push” is _.h. The computer _ the malfunctions of the system.i. With the help of a contactor the busses can be _.j. “You can choose _ procedure” means that is doesn