电池柜冷藏箱DC-tall之箱体主要零部件的计算设计开题报告

编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 电池柜冷藏箱DC-tall之箱体主 要零件部件的计算设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923244学生姓名： 杨理刚 指导教师： 陈伟明（职称：教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 电池柜冷藏箱DC-tall之主要 零件部件的设计计算 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923244 学生姓名： 杨理刚 指导教师： 陈伟明 （职称：教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月12日 课题来源DC tall是该厂根据市场需求开发研制的电池柜冷藏箱。电池柜冷藏箱（DC tall）的主要结构采用的是钣金材料，本产品的主要研究目的：将电池保持一定的温度，使得电池延长使用寿命。装电池后产品重量达1.42t吊起时顶部的四个螺丝每个都必须能承受220kg的拉力。保持电池柜内部温度251，并保持内部温度的均匀性科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）电池柜冷藏箱DC Tall之箱体主要零件部件的计算设计研究的意义将电池保持一定的温度，使得电池延长使用寿命，节能减排、绿色成本、节约成本。模具工业是国民经济的基础产业，据统计，金属零件粗加工的75%、精加工的50%和塑料零件的90%是用模具加工完成的。被誉为“工业之母”、“皇冠工业”的模具制造业是高技术密集型产业，模具工业一称为先进制造技术的重要组成部分。模具工业的发展水平标志着一个国家工业水平及产品开发能力。 其中，冲压是模具工业中最重要的加工方法之一。冲压的应用范围十分广泛，据统计在电子产品中，冲压件（包括钣金件）的数量约占零件总数的85%，在全世界的钢材中，有60%-70%是板材，其中大部分是经过冲压制成成品。冲压加工在汽车、拖拉机、点击、仪器仪表、家用电器、自行车、办公机械等机械工业和国防工业以及日常生活用品的生产方面，占据着十分重要的地位。 本课题要求对自己选定的零件进行冲压模设计。通过对零件进行详细的工艺分析确定零件的冲压工艺方案并制定部分零件的制造工艺。通过本课题，可以培养我们综合运用所学的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能来分析、解决实际问题的能力和初步进行科学研究的；培养我们独立工作的能力、创新能力以及理论联系实际和严谨求实的工作作风的重要途径。我国冲压模具产品的质量和生产工艺水平，总体上比国际先进水平低许多，而模具生产周期却要比国际先进水平长许多。产品质量水平低主要表现在精度、表面粗糙度、寿命及模具的复杂程度上；生产工艺水平低则主要表现在加工工艺、加工装备等方面。模具寿命也只有国际先进水平的50%左右，大型、精密、技术含量高的轿车覆盖件冲压模具和精密冲裁模具，每年都要花费大量资金进口。但现在一汽模具公司、东汽模具公司、上海大众模具公司等中国冲压模具业的龙头企业可部分生产此类模具。但是在一些低档次的简单冲模，则已供过于求，市场竞争非常激烈。发展趋势模具技术的发展是模具工业发展最关键的一个因素，其发展方向应该为适应模具产品“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”和“价格低”的要求服务。未来，我国模具工业和技术 2 主要发展方向将主要集中在以下几个方面： （1）模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化服务 （2）模具检测、加工设备向精密、高效和多功能方向发展 （3）快速经济制造技术的广泛引用 （4）开发优质模具材料和先进的表面处理技术 （5）模具研磨抛光将向自动化、智能化方向发展 （6）模具标准件的应用日渐广泛 （7）模具工业新工艺、新理念和新模式的发展研究内容1.工艺性分析 电池柜冷藏箱上顶盖，和簧片是多种冲压件。 1）分析零件的尺寸、形状，加工要求，表面粗糙度等。分析零件的材料以及材料的性能 和制件的用途； 2）分析工艺资料及件的变形方式 ，成型可能性分析等； 3）分析材料是否满足强度要求，是否满足材料性能的成形性关系等。 4）了解工件的生产批量（决定模具的形式、结构、材料等） 5）了解工件原材料的规格与毛坯情况； 6）分析冲压车间的设备资料或情况； 7）分析车间制造模具的技术能力和设备条件以及可采用的模具标准件情况； 2.运用UG，CAD绘制零件图，分析零件的成型原理，选择成型设备 1）学习UG，CAD软件，运用UG，CAD的钣金模块进行绘制零件图，然后运用其中的折弯命令对相应的部位进行折弯。 2）根据零件的成形特点及成形原理分析，以及工艺性分析的结果，再根据现有设备选出适合的成形设备。 3.确定具体的工艺方案 1）根据连接件本身结构特点，选择零件件冲压成形基本工序，如冲孔、落料、弯曲、成型等。 2）根据零件结构的工艺性，并根据零件测绘出的弯曲件图，确定最合理的方案，确定总工序数、工序顺序、各工序的加工内容、冲压方向等。根据弯曲件的结构、形状尺寸，选择合适的毛坯。对弯曲件展开，初步确定毛坯的形状和外形尺寸，制定材料消耗定额。选定各个工序的模具结构形式，选定毛坯和各工序制件的送、卸料方 3 向和方法。 4.模具主要结构的计算和设计 1）电池柜冷藏箱上顶盖，和簧片等零件主要有：冲孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸和落料凸、凹模刃口尺寸以及弯曲凸、凹模刃口尺寸的计算。根据冷藏箱连接件结构形式对模具主要零件尺寸进行计算，并绘制出相应的模具的结构。 2）选择定位装置的形式及位置，选择卸料和推件装置，选择导向零件，如选用导柱、导套导向或者导板导向等。选择安装、紧固零件，如模柄、上下模座的结构形式。考虑各个零件的安装位置。 5.利用UG，CAD进行模具各个主要结构的绘制以及最终的装配。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题 本课题研究的是垫圈冲压模具设计，要求其材料软黄铜H62，采用大批量生产，精度要求高。通过合理的设计凸凹模，选择合理的标准模架，制造出符合要求的制件。 （1）查阅有关模具设计方面的资料，翻译与模具设计相关的英文文献； （2）对工件进行冲压成型工艺分析，选择合理的设计方案； （3）进行必要的参数计算，确定出正确的设计参数； （4）在计算正确的基础上设计冲压成型模具； （5）撰写出一份与自己设计相配套的设计说明书 可能存在的问题 （1）冲孔时要保证断面质量、尺寸精度和形状误差。 （2）合理的安排工序的先后顺序及一模多腔的位置分布。 （3）冲裁间隙值对冲裁件质量、冲裁力及模具寿命有很大影响，是冲裁工艺及冲裁模具设计的重要工艺参数。间隙大小合适则可得到好的断面质量；同时刃口锐利也可得到好的断面质量。得到的冲裁件精度质量高，即零件的实际尺寸和冲裁模工作部分的尺寸之间的偏差少。 （4） 凸凹模刃口会有磨损，这样会影响断面质量，应及时更换刃口。 （5） 设计前后工序的关联性以及模具的关联性，合理安排工序，尽量是模具的结构紧密，同时在模具的设计过程中环要考虑到所设计的零件的可加工性，要尽量多的选用标准间，达到规范设计的要求成为此次毕业设计的难点研究计划及预期成果1分析冲压件的工艺性，确定工艺方案。 根据设计题目，分析冲压件成型的结构工艺性，分析冲压件的形状特点、精度要求等。在分析了冲压件的工艺性后，可以列出几种不同的冲压方案，然后从产品质量、生产效率、设备占有情况、模具制造难易程度和模具寿命高低、工艺成本等，确定最经济合理的工艺方案 2确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式 在最经济的原则下，确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式，并确定材料的消耗量 3确定冲压模类型及结构形式 4进行必要的工艺计算 a 计算毛坯尺寸，以便在最经济的原则下进行拍样和合理使用材料 b计算冲压力（包括冲裁力、卸料力、推件压边力等），以便选择压力机 c确定模具的压力中心防止模具银收偏心负荷作用影响模具寿命。 d计算或估算模具各主要零件的外型尺寸 e确定凸凹模的间隙，计算凸凹模工作部分中尺寸。5选择压力机6绘制模具总图和非标准零件图7编写设计计算所明书特色或创新之处 使用CAD设计及绘画，效果明显，方便改变参量，能够直观判断实验结果。 我的设计会按照要求，既注重实用性和安全性；同时性价比高，成本低。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：设计过程中所需的各种软硬件资源和相关产品实物照片。尚需解决的问题：1.防水性要求：背部拼接达到IP65等级即：浸水一米以内不漏水； 其余拼接部分IP55级即要求能够防雨。 2.门和箱体的防腐蚀性3.整个机器的保温性及隔热性能。 防止能量损失小于整体的35%。在环境温度35时，压缩机输入功率170W，制冷功率280W。保持内部室温25,以及内部温度的均匀性1。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Design Of Tool Machine Prop Research significanceThe original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool. Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development. Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs. The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.1.System components and control structureThe entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principleTool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component. 1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive. 2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform. 3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.1.1.2.Electrical Control SystemThis tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.图 1 Tool Control System for the1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter. 2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system. 3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.1.2.The functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.1.3.Common typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms: (1) the turret knife Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):(2) the disc cutter Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.(3) the chain knife Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.(4) linear combination knife and the knife library The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.1.4 Tool storage capacityTool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.1.5 Tool options(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate. (2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection. 1.6. Control of the knife (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher. (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently. (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application2.1 Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe. Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, standby position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When th