高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略2 阅读理解推理判断题的破解锦囊课件 外研版

必修二 第一部分 专题突破解题策略 二 阅读理解推理判断题的破解锦囊 高考英语阅读理解中的推理判断题所占的比重较大 同时难度也较大 很多考生对解答此类题感到很吃力 没有把握 该类题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上根据文章提供的事实和线索通过语篇逻辑关系 研究细节的暗示 推敲作者的态度 理解文章的寓意等 从而得出文章中隐含的深层意思 也就是通过文章中的文字信息 上下文逻辑关系等已知信息 推断出作者没有提到的或者明说的事实或情感 或者可能发生的事 做推理判断题要以文中的信息为依据 既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理 也不能过度推理 同时 考生应多了解国外文化与习俗 这有助于理解文章 1 细节推断题的判断方法抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 做此类试题要抓住相关内容的关键信息 即某些关键词或词语 去分析 判断 利用逆向思维或正向推理 从而推断出该信息所隐含的深层含义 只有正确把握文章的内在联系 理解文章的真正含义 才能作出准确的推断 2016 全国 高考B GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville Texas MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren shepolitelyrefused OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGarzafinallysayyes Thatwasfouryearsago Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheirchildrenandgrandchildren Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing EvenPresidentObama smother in law MarianRobinson hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters A 83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs Robinson sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily Two thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama sfamily Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown saysChristineCrosby publisherofGrandamagazineforgrandparents Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem especiallywhenyou reraisingchildren Movingisnotforeveryone Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder 26 WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs Robinson sdecision A 17 expressedtheirsupportforit B Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically C 83 believedithadabadinfluence D Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend 解析 D根据第二段的 Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing EvenPresidentObama smother in law MarianRobinson hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters theexampleofObama sfamily 可知 大多数人认为MarianRobinson搬进白宫的决定是符合潮流的 故选D 28 Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph A Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown B Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem C Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren D Gettoknowthemselvesbetter 解析 A根据最后一段第二 三句话 Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead Havingyour maybeharder 可知 作者建议祖父母做决定时考虑他们自己的利益 故选A 2016 北京高考C CaliforniaCondor sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica slargestbirds withwing lengthofupto3meters Inthe1980s electricallinesandleadpoisoning 铅中毒 nearlydrovethemtodyingout Now electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds Inthelate1980s thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona UtahandBajainMexico 63 Californiacondorsattractresearchers interestbecausethey A areactiveatnightB hadtobebredinthewildC arefoundonlyinCaliforniaD almostdiedoutinthe1980s解析 D文章没有直接说美国加利福尼亚州秃鹫引起了研究人员的兴趣 但是结合第一段和下文的 Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea 可推断 因为电线和铅中毒 20世纪80年代加利福尼亚州秃鹫濒临灭绝 因此它们引起了科研人员的兴趣 2 预测推断题的判断方法根据文章中所陈述的事实 论点 例证等一系列论据材料进行推理 从而得出合乎逻辑的结论 对此类题 注意弄清作者的写作思路 决不能按自己的主观经验去推理 2016 全国 高考C Paragraph4 Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses intrainstationsandcoffeeshops Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit E mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound BrucePetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome 11 WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit A Meetotherreaderstodiscussit B Keepitsafeinhisbookcase C Passitontoanotherreader D Mailitbacktoitsowner 解析 C推理判断题 根据文章第五段最后一句 theideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome 让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为 网站BookC的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书 所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去 故C项正确 3 文章来源或读者对象推断题的方法考生要具备一定的常识 对报纸 杂志 网络 科普知识 小说 童话 广告 说明书 旅游指南等有基本了解 这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案 2015 重庆高考C 47 Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom A Awebpage B Anewspaper C Anovel D Areport 解析 A主要讲述了Lakelander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后 众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法 本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论 根据出现的讨论的时间 彼此隔开时间不长 可知来自网络 故选A项 典例5 2015 广东高考B WhenIwasnineyearsold Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad Buttheonlythingthatwasn tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn tcatchanything Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy Healwaysanswered Son ifyouwanttocatchafish youhavetothinklikeafish Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause I mnotafish Ididn tknowhowtothinklikeafish Besides Ireasoned howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople Butitdidn tcompletelymakesense Mydadneveroncesaid Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman Whathesaidwas Youneedtothinklikeafish Yearslater withgreateffortstopromotelong termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers Itisnotaneasyjob Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters 35 Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom A afishingguideB apopularsalesbookC anovelonchildhoodD amillionaire sbiography解析 B本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时 要像鱼一样思考 学会钓鱼的道理 告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考 根据Itisnotaneasyjob Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters 这不是一份轻