chapter 10 diseases and conditions of the circulatory system课件

Chapter10DiseasesandConditionsoftheCirculatorySystem Definitions Myocardium heartmuscle Tachycardia heartrate 100bpm Bradycardia heartrate 100bpm Atherosclerosis theaccumulationoffat containingsubstancesinthelumenofthearteryleadingtonarrowingofthelumen Arteriosclerosis lossofarterieselasticity Angioplasty arteryrepairoropening CoronaryArteryDisease CAD Narrowingofthecoronaryarteriesbyatherosclerosisdeposits S S anginapectoris burningsqueezingchestpainthatradiatestothearm jaw andneck Nausea vomiting andweakness Etiology atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis age 40 gender men postmenopausalwomen smoking cholesterol stress lackofexercise Rx vasodilators angioplasty beta blockers coronaryarterybypass CAB surgery AnginaPectoris Chestpainwithexertion S S Lt sidedchestpainafterexertionthatradiatestoLt armandneck arrhythmias Bloodpressure Etiology atherosclerosis coronaryarteryspasm anemia severeprolongedtachycardia respiratorydisease Rx painrelievedbystoppingactivityorsublingualnitroglycerine NTG MyocardialInfarction MI Deathofmyocardialtissue S S substernalorLt sidedcrushingchestpainthatradiatestoLt arm jaw orback painisnotrelievedbyrestorNTG arrhythmias diaphoresis dyspnea denial Etiology atherosclerosis thrombus myocardialmusclespasm Rx O2 morphine aspirin vasodilators controlarrhythmias thrombolyticagents angioplasty CABsurgery CardiacArrest Suddenunexpectedcessationofcardiacactivity S S unresponsiveness nopulse norespiratoryeffort Etiology anoxia absenceofO2intissues orinterruptionoftheelectricalstimulioftheheartcausedbyMI arrhythmias respiratoryarrest drawing severetrauma hemorrhage drugoverdose electrocution Rx CPR cardiacstimulators drugs antiarrhythmicmeds treatthecause HypertensiveHeartDisease EssentialHypertension HTN Highbloodpressurethathasinsidiousonsetwiththept exhibitingfewsymptomsuntilpermanentdamagehasoccurred S S headache epistaxis lightheadedness Etiology unknown stress smoking obesity hyperactivepersonalitytypeA Rx diuretics betablockers vasodilators calciumchannelblockers angiotensinconvertingenzyme ACE inhibitors lowsodiumdiet stopsmoking reducestress exercise HypertensiveHeartDisease MalignantHypertensionThesevereformofhypertension S S severeheadache blurredvision dyspnea Etiology unknown Extremestress Rx aggressivetreatmentwithvasodilators CongestiveHeartFailure CHF Acuteorchronicinabilityofthehearttopumpenoughbloodthroughoutthebodytomeetthedemands S S tachycardia tachypnea dyspnea distendedneckveins edema Rt Sidedfailure edema hepatomegaly splenomegaly Lt sidedfailure pulmonarycongestion Etiology MI HTN COPD CAD valvedamage arrhythmias cardiomyopathy Rx digoxin betablockers ACEinhibitors diuretics vasodilators CorPulmonale Itistherightheartfailure S S dyspnea distendedneckveins extremitiesedema hepatomegaly livertenderness rightventriclehypertrophy Etiology acutepulmonarydiseaseespeciallypulmonaryembolism acutepulmonaryhypertension Rx treatthecause bronchodilators O2 bedrest digitalis diuretics anticoagulants phlebotomy lowsaltdiet PulmonaryEdema Fluidshiftintotheextravascularspacesofthelung S S dyspnea cough orthopnea tachypnea bloodyfrothysputum bloodpressure BP coldclammyskin Etiology leftsidedheartfailure mitralvalvedisease pulmonaryembolus systemichypertension arrhythmias renalfailure headtrauma drugoverdose highaltitudes Rx fowler sposition O2 diuretics digitalis morphine betablockers ifsevere mechanicalventilation Cardiomyopathy Anoninflammatorydiseaseofthecardiacmusclewithmyocardialenlargementandventriculardysfunction Types dilated hypertrophic restrictive S S CHFsymptoms palpitations cardiacmurmurs syncope Etiology unknown Dilated alcoholism viralinfection autoimmune Hypertrophic idiopathic Restrictive infiltrativeprocessintheheart Rx asCHF Pericarditis Acuteorchronicinflammationofthepericardium serosa S S fever malaise frictionrub chestpain tachycardia Etiology idiopathicorconsequenceofinflammationorinfectionsomewhereinthebody Rx analgesics antipyretics nonsteroidalantiinflammatorydrugs NSAIDs ifinfectious antibiotics Myocarditis Inflammationofthemuscularwallsoftheheart S S palpitations fatigue dyspnea fever arrhythmias chesttendernessEtiology viral bacterial fungal orprotozoalinfection Asacomplicationofinfluenza diphtheria mumps rheumaticfever radiation chemicals toxics cocaine Rx rest treatarrhythmias analgesics antiinflammatoryd