【h1n1精品ppt课件】 novel h1n1 flu (swine flu) and you

1 WhyisnovelH1N1virussometimescalled swineflu Thisviruswasoriginallyreferredtoas swineflu becauselaboratorytestingshowedthatmanyofthegenesinthisnewviruswereverysimilartoinfluenzavirusesthatnormallyoccurinpigsinNorthAmerica ButfurtherstudyhasshownthatthisnewvirusisverydifferentfromwhatnormallycirculatesinNorthAmericanpigs IthastwogenesfromfluvirusesthatnormallycirculateinpigsinEuropeandAsiaandaviangenesandhumangenes Scientistscallthisa quadruplereassortant virus NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouNovelH1N1Flu WhatisnovelH1N1 swineflu NovelH1N1 referredtoas swineflu earlyon isanewinfluenzaviruscausingillnessinpeople ThisnewviruswasfirstdetectedinpeopleintheUnitedStatesinApril2009 Othercountries includingMexicoandCanada havereportedpeoplesickwiththisnewvirus Thisvirusisspreadingfromperson to person probablyinmuchthesamewaythatregularseasonalinfluenzavirusesspread 2 AretherehumaninfectionswithnovelH1N1virusintheU S Yes CasesofhumaninfectionwithnovelH1N1influenzaviruswerefirstconfirmedintheU S inSouthernCaliforniaandnearGuadalupeCounty Texas Theoutbreakintensifiedrapidlyfromthattimeandmoreandmorestateshavebeenreportingcasesofillnessfromthisvirus AnupdatedcasecountofconfirmednovelH1N1fluinfectionsintheUnitedStatesiskeptathttp www cdc gov h1n1flu update htm CDCandlocalandstatehealthagenciesareworkingtogethertoinvestigatethissituation IsnovelH1N1viruscontagious CDChasdeterminedthatnovelH1N1virusiscontagiousandisspreadingfromhumantohuman However atthistime itisnotknownhoweasilythevirusspreadsbetweenpeople NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouNovelH1N1FluinHumans Whatarethesignsandsymptomsofthisvirusinpeople ThesymptomsofnovelH1N1fluvirusinpeoplearesimilartothesymptomsofseasonalfluandincludefever cough sorethroat runnyorstuffynose bodyaches headache chillsandfatigue Asignificantnumberofpeoplewhohavebeeninfectedwiththisvirusalsohavereporteddiarrheaandvomiting Also likeseasonalflu severeillnessesanddeathhasoccurredasaresultofillnessassociatedwiththisvirus 3 HowsevereisillnessassociatedwithnovelH1N1fluvirus It snotknownatthistimehowseverenovelH1N1fluviruswillbeinthegeneralpopulation Inseasonalflu therearecertainpeoplethatareathigherriskofseriousflu relatedcomplications Thisincludespeople65yearsandolder childrenyoungerthanfiveyearsold pregnantwomen andpeopleofanyagewithcertainchronicmedicalconditions Earlyindicationsarethatpregnancyandotherpreviouslyrecognizedmedicalconditionsthatincreasetheriskofinfluenza relatedcomplications likeasthmaanddiabetes alsoappeartobeassociatedwithincreasedriskofcomplicationsfromnovelH1N1virusinfectionaswell Onethingthatappearstobedifferentfromseasonalinfluenzaisthatadultsolderthan64yearsdonotyetappeartobeatincreasedriskofnovelH1N1 relatedcomplicationsthusfarintheoutbreak CDCisconductinglaboratorystudiestoseeifcertainpeoplemighthavenaturalimmunitytothisvirus dependingontheirage Earlyreportsindicatethatnochildrenandfewadultsyoungerthan60yearsoldhaveexistingantibodytonovelH1N1fluvirus however aboutone thirdofadultsolderthan60mayhaveantibodiesagainstthisvirus Itisunknownhowmuch ifany protectionmaybeaffordedagainstnovelH1N1flubyanyexistingantibody NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouNovelH1N1FluinHumans HowdoesnovelH1N1virusspread SpreadofnovelH1N1virusisthoughttobehappeninginthesamewaythatseasonalfluspreads Fluvirusesarespreadmainlyfrompersontopersonthroughcoughingorsneezingbypeoplewithinfluenza Sometimespeoplemaybecomeinfectedbytouchingsomethingwithfluvirusesonitandthentouchingtheirmouthornose 4 HowdoesnovelH1N1flucomparetoseasonalfluintermsofitsseverityandinfectionrates CDCisstilllearningabouttheseverityofnovelH1N1fluvirus Atthistime thereisnotenoughinformationtopredicthowseverenovelH1N1fluoutbreakwillbeintermsofillnessanddeathorhowitwillcomparewithseasonalinfluenza Withseasonalflu weknowthatseasonsvaryintermsoftiming durationandseverity Seasonalinfluenzacancausemildtosevereillness andattimescanleadtodeath Eachyear intheUnitedStates onaverage36 000peoplediefromflu relatedcomplicationsandmorethan200 000peoplearehospitalizedfromflu relatedcauses Ofthosehospitalized 20 000arechildrenyoungerthan5yearsold Over90 ofdeathsandabout60percentofhospitalizationoccurinpeopleolderthan65 Sofar withnovelH1N1flu thelargestnumberofnovelH1N1fluconfirmedandprobablecaseshaveoccurredinpeoplebetweentheagesof5and24 years old Atthistime therearefewcasesandnodeathsreportedinpeopleolderthan64yearsold whichisunusualwhencomparedwithseasonalflu However pregnancyandotherpreviouslyrecognizedhighriskmedicalconditionsfromseasonalinfluenzaappeartobeassociatedwithincreasedriskofcomplicationsfromthisnovelH1N1 NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouNovelH1N1FluinHumans 5 Howlongcananinfectedpersonspreadthisvirustoothers Atthecurrenttime CDCbelievesthatthisvirushasthesamepropertiesintermsofspreadasseasonalfluviruses Withseasonalflu studieshaveshownthatpeoplemaybecontagiousfromonedaybeforetheydevelopsymptomstoupto7daysaftertheygetsick Children especiallyyoungerchildren mightpotentiallybecontagiousforlongerperiods CDCisstudyingthevirusanditscapabilitiestotrytolearnmoreandwillprovidemoreinformationasitbecomesavailable NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouNovelH1N1FluinHumans 6 CanIgetinfectedwithnovelH1N1virusfromeatingorpreparingpork No NovelH1N1virusesarenotspreadbyfood YoucannotgetinfectedwithnovelHIN1virusfromeatingporkorporkproducts Eatingproperlyhandledandcookedporkproductsissafe NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouExposuresNotThoughttoSpreadNovelH1N1Flu Isthereariskfromdrinkingwater Tapwaterthathasbeentreatedbyconventionaldisinfectionprocessesdoesnotlikelyposeariskfortransmissionofinfluenzaviruses Currentdrinkingwatertreatmentregulationsprovideahighdegreeofprotectionfromviruses NoresearchhasbeencompletedonthesusceptibilityofnovelH1N1fluvirustoconventionaldrinkingwatertreatmentprocesses However recentstudieshavedemonstratedthatfreechlorinelevelstypicallyusedindrinkingwatertreatmentareadequatetoinactivatehighlypathogenicH5N1avianinfluenza ItislikelythatotherinfluenzavirusessuchasnovelH1N1wouldalsobesimilarlyinactivatedbychlorination Todate therehavebeennodocumentedhumancasesofinfluenzacausedbyexposuretoinfluenza contaminateddrinkingwater 7 CannovelH1N1fluvirusbespreadthroughwaterinswimmingpools spas waterparks interactivefountains andothertreatedrecreationalwatervenues Influenzavirusesinfectthehumanupperrespiratorytract Therehasneverbeenadocumentedcaseofinfluenzavirusinfectionassociatedwithwaterexposure RecreationalwaterthathasbeentreatedatCDCrecommendeddisinfectantlevelsdoesnotlikelyposeariskfortransmissionofinfluenzaviruses NoresearchhasbeencompletedonthesusceptibilityofnovelH1N1influenzavirustochlorineandotherdisinfectantsusedinswimmingpools spas waterparks interactivefountains andothertreatedrecreationalvenues However recentstudieshavedemonstratedthatfreechlorinelevelsrecommendedbyCDC 1 3partspermillion ppmormg L forpoolsand2 5ppmforspas areadequatetodisinfectavianinfluenzaA H5N1 virus ItislikelythatotherinfluenzavirusessuchasnovelH1N1viruswouldalsobesimilarlydisinfectedbychlorine NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouExposuresNotThoughttoSpreadNovelH1N1Flu CannovelH1N1influenzavirusbespreadatrecreationalwatervenuesoutsideofthewater Yes recreationalwatervenuesarenodifferentthananyothergroupsetting ThespreadofthisnovelH1N1fluisthoughttobehappeninginthesamewaythatseasonalfluspreads Fluvirusesarespreadmainlyfrompersontopersonthroughcoughingorsneezingofpeoplewithinfluenza Sometimespeoplemaybecomeinfectedbytouchingsomethingwithfluvirusesonitandthentouchingtheirmouthornose 8 WhatcanIdotoprotectmyselffromgettingsick ThereisnovaccineavailablerightnowtoprotectagainstnovelH1N1virus Thereareeverydayactionsthatcanhelppreventthespreadofgermsthatcauserespiratoryillnesseslikeinfluenza NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouPrevention Treatment Taketheseeverydaystepstoprotectyourhealth Coveryournoseandmouthwithatissuewhenyoucoughorsneeze Throwthetissueinthetrashafteryouuseit Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwater especiallyafteryoucoughorsneeze Alcohol basedhandcleanersarealsoeffective Avoidtouchingyoureyes noseormouth Germsspreadthisway Trytoavoidclosecontactwithsickpeople Stayhomeifyouaresickfor7daysafteryoursymptomsbeginoruntilyouhavebeensymptom freefor24hours whicheverislonger Thisistokeepfrominfectingothersandspreadingthevirusfurther Otherimportantactionsthatyoucantakeare Followpublichealthadviceregardingschoolclosures avoidingcrowdsandothersocialdistancingmeasures Bepreparedincaseyougetsickandneedtostayhomeforaweekorso asupplyofover the countermedicines alcohol basedhandrubs tissuesandotherrelateditemsmightcouldbeusefulandhelpavoidtheneedtomaketripsoutinpublicwhileyouaresickandcontagious 9 Whatisthebestwaytokeepfromspreadingthevirusthroughcoughingorsneezing Ifyouaresick limityourcontactwithotherpeopleasmuchaspossible Ifyouaresick stayhomefor7daysafteryoursymptomsbeginoruntilyouhavebeensymptom freefor24hours whicheverislonger Coveryourmouthandnosewithatissuewhencoughingorsneezing Putyourusedtissueinthewastebasket Then cleanyourhands anddosoeverytimeyoucoughorsneeze NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouPrevention Treatment IfIhaveafamilymemberathomewhoissickwithnovelH1N1flu shouldIgotowork EmployeeswhoarewellbutwhohaveanillfamilymemberathomewithnovelH1N1flucangotoworkasusual Theseemployeesshouldmonitortheirhealtheveryday andtakeeverydayprecautionsincludingwashingtheirhandsoftenwithsoapandwater especiallyaftertheycoughorsneeze Alcohol basedhandcleanersarealsoeffective Iftheybecomeill theyshouldnotifytheirsupervisorandstayhome Employeeswhohaveanunderlyingmedicalconditionorwhoarepregnantshouldcalltheirhealthcareproviderforadvice becausetheymightneedtoreceiveinfluenzaantiviraldrugstopreventillness FormoreinformationpleaseseeGeneralBusinessandWorkplaceGuidanceforthePreventionofNovelInfluenzaA H1N1 FluinWorkers 10 Whatisthebesttechniqueforwashingmyhandstoavoidgettingtheflu Washingyourhandsoftenwillhelpprotectyoufromgerms Washwithsoapandwaterorcleanwithalcohol basedhandcleaner CDCrecommendsthatwhenyouwashyourhands withsoapandwarmwater thatyouwashfor15to20seconds Whensoapandwaterarenotavailable alcohol baseddisposablehandwipesorgelsanitizersmaybeused Youcanfindtheminmostsupermarketsanddrugstores Ifusinggel rubyourhandsuntilthegelisdry Thegeldoesn tneedwatertowork thealcoholinitkillsthegermsonyourhands NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouPrevention Treatment WhatshouldIdoifIgetsick IfyouliveinareaswherepeoplehavebeenidentifiedwithnovelH1N1fluandbecomeillwithinfluenza likesymptoms includingfever bodyaches runnyorstuffynose sorethroat nausea orvomitingordiarrhea youshouldstayhomeandavoidcontactwithotherpeople Stayingathomemeansthatyoushouldnotleaveyourhomeexcepttoseekmedicalcare Thismeansavoidingnormalactivities includingwork school travel shopping socialevents andpublicgatheringsIfyouhavesevereillnessoryouareathighriskforflucomplications contactyourhealthcareproviderorseekmedicalcare YourhealthcareproviderwilldeterminewhetherflutestingortreatmentisneededIfyoubecomeillandexperienceanyofthefollowingwarningsigns seekemergencymedicalcare 11 Inchildren emergencywarningsignsthatneedurgentmedicalattentioninclude FastbreathingortroublebreathingBluishorgrayskincolorNotdrinkingenoughfluidsSevereorpersistentvomitingNotwakingupornotinteractingBeingsoirritablethatthechilddoesnotwanttobeheldFlu likesymptomsimprovebutthenreturnwithfeverandworsecough NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouPrevention Treatment Inadults emergencywarningsignsthatneedurgentmedicalattentioninclude DifficultybreathingorshortnessofbreathPainorpressureinthechestorabdomenSuddendizzinessConfusionSevereorpersistentvomitingFlu likesymptomsimprovebutthenreturnwithfeverandworsecough 12 AretheremedicinestotreatnovelH1N1infection Yes CDCrecommendstheuseofoseltamivirorzanamivirforthetreatmentand orpreventionofinfectionwithnovelH1N1fluvirus Antiviraldrugsareprescriptionmedicines pills liquidoraninhaledpowder thatfightagainsttheflubykeepingfluvirusesfromreproducinginyourbody Ifyougetsick antiviraldrugscanmakeyourillnessmilderandmakeyoufeelbetterfaster Theymayalsopreventseriousflucomplications Duringthecurrentoutbreak thepriorityuseforinfluenzaantiviraldrugsduringistotreatsevereinfluenzaillness NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouPrevention Treatment WhatisCDC srecommendationregarding swinefluparties Swinefluparties aregatheringsduringwhichpeoplehaveclosecontactwithapersonwhohasnovelH1N1fluinordertobecomeinfectedwiththevirus Theintentofthesepartiesistobecomeinfectedwithwhatformanypeoplehasbeenamilddisease inthehopeofhavingnaturalimmunitytothenovelH1N1fluvirusthatmightcirculatelaterandcausemoreseveredisease CDCdoesnotrecommend swinefluparties asawaytoprotectagainstnovelH1N1fluinthefuture WhilethediseaseseeninthecurrentnovelH1N1fluoutbreakhasbeenmildformanypeople ithasbeensevereandevenfatalforothers Thereisnowaytopredictwithcertaintywhattheoutcomewillbeforanindividualor equallyimportant forotherstowhomtheintentionallyinfectedpersonmayspreadthevirus CDCrecommendsthatpeoplewithnovelH1N1fluavoidcontactwithothersasmuchaspossible Theyshouldstayhomefromworkorschoolfor7daysaftertheonsetofillnessoruntilatleast24hoursaftersymptomshaveresolved whicheverislonger 13 Howlongcaninfluenzavirusremainviableonobjects suchasbooksanddoorknobs Studieshaveshownthatinfluenzaviruscansurviveonenvironmentalsurfacesandcaninfectapersonforupto2 8hoursafterbeingdepositedonthesurface NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouContamination Cleaning Whatkillsinfluenzavirus Influenzavirusisdestroyedbyheat 167 212 F 75 100 C Inaddition severalchemicalgermicides includingchlorine hydrogenperoxide detergents soap iodophors iodine basedantiseptics andalcoholsareeffectiveagainsthumaninfluenzavirusesifusedinproperconcentrationforasufficientlengthoftime Forexample wipesorgelswithalcoholinthemcanbeusedtocleanhands Thegelsshouldberubbedintohandsuntiltheyaredry Whatsurfacesaremostlikelytobesourcesofcontamination Germscanbespreadwhenapersontouchessomethingthatiscontaminatedwithgermsandthentoucheshisorhereyes nose ormouth Dropletsfromacoughorsneezeofaninfectedpersonmovethroughtheair Germscanbespreadwhenapersontouchesrespiratorydropletsfromanotherpersononasurfacelikeadesk forexample andthentouchestheirowneyes mouthornosebeforewashingtheirhands 14 Howshouldwastedisposalbehandledtopreventthespreadofinfluenzavirus Topreventthespreadofinfluenzavirus itisrecommendedthattissuesandotherdisposableitemsusedbyaninfectedpersonbethrowninthetrash Additionally personsshouldwashtheirhandswithsoapandwateraftertouchingusedtissuesandsimilarwaste NovelH1N1Flu SwineFlu andYouContamination Cleaning Whathouseholdcleaningshouldbedonetopreventthespreadofinfluenzavirus Topreventthespreadofinfluenzavirusitisimportanttokeepsurfaces especiallybedsidetables surfacesinthebathroom kitchencountersandtoysforchildren cleanbywipingthemdownwithahouseholddisinfectantaccordingtodirectionsontheproductlabel Howshouldlinens eatingutensilsanddishesofpersonsinfectedwithinfluenzavirusbehandled Linens eatingutensils anddishesbelongingtothosewhoaresickdonotneedtobecleanedseparately butimportantlytheseitemsshouldnotbesharedwithoutwashingthoroughlyfirst Linens suchasbedsheetsandtowels shouldbewashedbyusinghouseholdlaundrysoapandtumbleddryonahotsetting Individualsshouldavoid hugging laundrypriortowashingittopreventcontaminatingthemselves Individualsshouldwashtheirhandswithsoapandwateroralcohol basedhandrubimmediatelyafterhandlingdirtylaundry Eatingutensilsshouldbewashedeitherinadishwasherorbyhandwithwaterandsoap 15 WhatisCDCdoinginresponsetotheoutbreak Theagency sgoalsaretoreducetransmissionandillnessseverity andprovideinformationtohelphealthcareproviders publichealthofficialsandthepublicaddressthechallengesposedbythenewvirus CDCisworkingwithstateandlocalhealthdepartmentstoenhancesurveillanceintheUnitedStatesandtocollectandanalyzedatatoassesstheimpactofthevirusanddeterminethegroupsatincreasedriskofcomplications Inaddition CDCcontinuestoissuenewandupdatedinterimguidanceforclinicians publichealthprofessionalsandthepublicforthepreventionandtreatmentofthisnewvirus ToexpandthenationalandinternationallaboratorycapacityfordetectingnovelH1N1influenza CDChasdevelopedanddistributednewinfluenzadiagnostickitsandreagentstomorethan350laboratories includinglaboratoriesin131countries CDC sDivisionoftheStrategicNationalStockpile SNS continuestosendantiviraldrugs personalprotectiveequipment andrespiratoryprotectiondevicestoall50statesandU S territoriestohelpthemrespondtotheoutbreak TheU S GovernmentalsoisaggressivelytakingearlystepsintheprocesstomanufactureanovelH1N1influenzavaccine workingcloselywithmanufacturing CDChasisolatedthenewH1N1virus madeacandidatevaccinevirusthatcanbeusedtocreatevaccine andhasprovidedthisvirustoindustrysotheycanbeginscalingupforproductionofavaccine ifnecessary NovelH