《名著欣赏》教学大纲(汉).doc

名著欣赏教学大纲（汉）一、 课程名称：名著欣赏二、 课程性质：本门课程为英语专业低年级的一门专业任意选修课。三、 教学目的：本课程的目的是使学生了解文学和语言学习的关系，说明文学在语言学习中的重要性。学生通过大量的阅读可以提高阅读速度，理解能力，扩大词汇，丰富文化背景知识，为三、四年级开设文学课打下坚实的基础。四、 课程教学原则和教学方法：本门课程主要以课堂讨论为主，学生在课前将指定书读完，并作好书评。课堂教学中，教师辅以课外背景知识，如作家生平，作品语言风格，作品的时代背景等。在课堂上学生可采用多种，灵活的方式予以讨论，并作好记录，课下可查相应的资料对书评进行修改。五 课程时间及学分：本课程共在第6学期开设，每周2学时，共34学时，2学分。六、 课程内容：课程根据学生的水平进展和实际要求，在资深教师的指导下，从英美文学作品中选择了四十本著作。以下是文章列表：亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士罗宾汉希腊和罗马神话巴斯克维尔的猎犬野性的呼唤鲁滨逊漂流记红字珍宝岛海底两万里或环游地球80天黑郁金香居里夫人传林肯传圣经故事织工马南时间机器或隐形人傲慢与偏见红色英勇勋章弗兰克斯坦格列佛游记简爱莎士比亚故事集华盛顿欧文选读一千零一夜爱丽丝漫游仙境弗罗斯河上的磨房远大前程旅馆老人与海呼啸山庄名利场基督山伯爵幸运的吉姆永别了，武器哈克贝利费恩历险记了不起的盖茨比黑暗的中心通往印度之路还乡东方快车谋杀案马丁伊登教师可根据具体情况，从中选取十本左右为一学期的教学内容，每本可用2-3学时。可由学生先自行阅读，查参考书，课上采取小组讨论，复述故事梗概，精彩部分欣赏，集体点评，记笔记，观看电影，写书评或读后感，电影观后感，分角色表演故事片段等形式来学习其中内容。现就其中几本书的笔记为例。The BibleBible is a collection of writings known as the Holy Scripture, the sacred writings of Christian religion. Of the two part: the Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God, written in Hebrew, including four collections: The Law, The History, The Writings, and The Prophets; the New Testament is about the doctrine of Jesus Christ, Written in Greek, including the Gospel, the Letters and the Revelation. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and the most important of which are the first five books: called Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy; the New Testament consists of 27 books. The first four are written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.Translation of Bible:The first English version of the whole Bible is translated by John Wycliff in 1382 from Latin.William Tyndales Version is based on Hebrew and Greek resources.In 1611, upon King Jamess summon, 54 scholars did the translation and was well-known for its name: “the Authorized Version”, or “King James Version”.Impact:On Western peoples life: Christianity is by far the most influential in the West. It has become part and parcel of Western culture.On Literature:Almost all great authors of the English language show a familiarity with the Bible. The Bible is the most quoted, the most influential and powerful book of all literature. Biblical allusions and themes has been a literary tradition.E.g.: Paradise Lost, John Milton, Pilgrims Progress, John Bunyan, Cain, Byron, the Sun Also Rises, Hemingway, East of Eden, SteinbeckIt is safe to say that without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible, few great English and American writers from the 17th to 20th century can be read and appreciated.Stories:Genesis; Garden of Eden; Forbidden fruit; Adams Apple; Cain (and Abel); Noahs Ark; dove and branch of olive; the Tower of Babel; Sodom and Gomorrah (Lots wifes curiosity); selling of birthright (Esau and Jacob); Canaan, the Promised Land; Exodus; Go down, Moses; Aarons stick; the Passover; Mount Sinai; Ten Commandments; Samson and Delilah; Solomons wisdom; Jobs patience; Christmas (Herod) (Bethlehem); Twelve apostles; Good Samaritan; rich man and Lazarus; Judas kiss; the Last Supper; crucifixion; cross; Resurrection and Easter; Doomsday judgment; a thorn in flesh.Selected Reading:The Tower of BabelNow the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.” The LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the LORD said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers speech.” So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore it was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.Solomon Judges a Difficult CaseLater, two women who were prostitutes came to the king and stood before him. The one woman said, “Please, my lord, this woman and I live in the same house; and I gave birth while she was in the house. Them on the third day after I gave birth, this woman also gave birth. We were together; there was no one else with us in the house. Then this womans son died in the night, because she lay on him. She got up in the middle of the night and took my son from beside me while your servant slept. She laid him at her breast, and laid her dead son at my breast. When I rose in the morning to nurse my son, I saw the he was dead; but when I looked at closely in the morning, clearly it was not the son I had borne.” But the other woman said, “ No, the living son is mine, and the dead son is yours.” The first said, “No, the dead son is yours, and the living son is mine.” So they argued before the king.Then the king said, “The one says, This is my son that is alive, and your son is dead; while the other says, Not so! Your son is dead, and my son is the living one.” So the king said, “Bring me a sword,” and they brought a sword before the king. The king said, “Divide the living boy in two; then give half to the one, and half to the other.” But the woman whose son was alive said to the king because compassion for her son burned within her “Please, my lord, give her the living boy; certainly do not kill him!” the other said, “ It shall be neither, mine nor yours; divide it.” Then the king responded: “Give the first woman the living boy; do not kill him. She is his mother.” All the Israel heard of the judgment that the king had rendered; and they stood in awe of the king, because they perceived that the wisdom of God was in him, to execute justice.The Last SupperWhen the hour came, he took his place at the table, and the apostles with him. He said to them, “I have eagerly desired to teat this Passover with you before I suffer; for I tell you, I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves; for I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” Then he took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” And he did the same with the cup after supper, saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. But see, the one who betrays me is with me, and his hand is on the table. For the Son of Man is going as it has been determined, but woe to that one by whom he is betrayed!” Then they began to ask one another, which one of them it could be who would do this.The Rich Man and Lazarus“There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. And at his gate lay a poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, who longed to satisfy his hunger with what fell from the rich mans table; even the dogs would come and lick his sores. The poor man died and was carried away by the angels to be with Abraham. The rich man also died and was buried. In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side. He called out, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in agony in these flames. But Abraham said, Chile, remember that during your lifetime you received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in agony. Besides all this, between you and us a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who might want to pass from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us. He said, Then, father, I beg you to send him to my fathers house for I have five brothers that he may warn them, so that they will not also come into this place of torment. Abraham replied, they have Moses and the prophets; they should listen to them. He said, No, father Abraham; but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent. He said to him, If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.Canaan, the Promised LandAfter the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spike to Joshua son of Nun, Moses assistant, saying, “My servant Moses is dead. Now proceed to cross the Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to them, to the Israelites. Every place that the sole of your foot will tread upon I have given to you, as I promised to Moses. From the wilderness and the Lebanon as far as the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of Hittites, to the Great Sea in the west shall be your territory. NO one shall be able to stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you or forsake you. Be strong and courageous; for you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their ancestors to give them. Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to act in accordance with all the law that my servant Moses commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may be successful wherever you go. This book of the law shall not depart out of your mouth; you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to act in accordance with all that is written in it. For then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall be successful. I hereby command you: Be strong and courageous; do not be frightened or dismayed, for the LORD you God is with you wherever you go.”The Red Badge of CourageStephen Crane (1871-1900) published his best-known novel the Red Badge of Courage in 1895, which is a landmark in American literary naturalism. It takes the themes of illusion and reality and his impressionistic method to describe a battle in the Civil War.The Story:Structurally, the novel is divided into two parts. In the first half, Henrys illusions disappear when confronted by the reality of the war.It is about a young farm boy named Henry Fleming who hears tales of great battles, dreams of “Homeric” glory, and joins the Union Army. In the fight, he becomes so frightened that he runs away. During his wandering, he experiences all kinds of illusions. He soon encounters a line of wounded soldiers. When Henry tries to stop a Union soldier to ask “Why?”, he is hit on the head for causing trouble. Ironically, this wound becomes his “red badge of courage”. In the second half of the novel, Henry becomes a “war devil”.Review: During the course of his experiences, Henry learns at firsthand of the indifference of the universe, the chaos of the world, the illusory nature of religion and patriotism and heroism.The basic theme of the he animal man in a cold manipulating world runs through the novel. The young soldier is moved about as if in a box with no free will, serving as an instrument of blind fate. And men fighting are so many helpless animals. Against the romantic view of war as a symbol of courage and heroism, Crane talks about war in alarming honesty. War in the Red Badge of Courage is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger. By thus deromanticizing war and heroism, Crane started the modern tradition of telling the truth at all costs about the elemental human situation.H.G. WellsWells is best know today, along with Jules Verne, as the father of modern science fiction. His first novel, The Time Machine (1895), is a classic in science fiction. The novel is an imaginative scientific adventure mixed with social criticism.The story begins with the Time Traveler telling the narrator about a voyage into the future. The Time Machine, a device that can travel through time, takes him into the future year of 802701. The Time Traveler finds the valley of the Thames has turned into a vast and beautiful garden. Two races of people live here: the Eloi and the Morlocks. The Morlocks are from a servant class. They serve the Eloi, providing them with food and clothing. The Eloi do not labor and they have lost the physical power to do any manual job. They are delicate creatures. The Morlocks work in workshops. They feed the Eloi, and at the same time they kill them for meat. Then he traveled further ahead in time, millions of years later, the world became a waste land, and all human beings were extinct, with only butterflies and giant crabs scrawling at random.The intended message is clear: colonial expansion and capitalist exploitation will eventually polarize the human race into two big classes. The consequence is disastrous to both sides: the rich became weaker and weaker both physically and mentally, and the poor become brutal and vicious creatures. The Invisible Man tells the story of a student of science by the name of Griffin. He has found how to make the cell of his body transparent and hence he becomes invisible to other people. Making use of this scientific technology, Griffin has terrorized many villages, stealing their properties and frightening them. When the doctor, in whose house Griffin lives, calls the police to capture him, the invisible man successfully escapes. To have his revenge, he wants to kill one person everyday. The doctor runs away but he invisible man catches him. In a desperate fight, the doctor kills the man who resumes his visible form as he lies dead on the ground.Wells was on the whole pessimistic towards the effects of modern science on man. The story shows that when human greed becomes the driving force behind scientific inventions, science does not lead to human progress but to regression.All his books of science fiction were filled with amazing inventions, extraordinary machines, new terrors, disgusting future pictures. There is always the profound satire on the human decadence of the capitalist society lying beneath the existing stories.Gullivers TravelsJonathan Swift (1667-1745) was born in Ireland. Gullivers Travels is Swifts single long prose work, is