2010届高考英语听力指导（讲稿）.doc

2009届高三英语百日冲刺英语高考听力指导高考听力测试题特点1.测试目的和要求 高考听力测试以语篇（对话或独白）为测试载体，在语言使用的场景中测试考生使用语音、语法、词汇知识的能力，主要是考查考生对所听信息的正确理解能力和快速反应能力。听力测试要点包括：1）理解主旨和大意。2）获取事实性的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。3）简单推断谈话背景、人物关系等。4）理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。一般来讲， 说话人总会有说话的意图，或提出或回答问题，阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。有时，说话者的意图或观点被明确说出，有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间，需要我们去揣摩、推测。2.测试的形式和难度 高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右，共20个小题，计分20分。设问全部是特殊疑问句，几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型，如：what , who, when, where, why, how, what time, how many,how much, how long, how old, how soon, how often 等，选项为“3选1”。听力测试共分两节：第一节是听五段简短对话，每段对话后仅有一个选择题，每段对话仅读一遍。主要考查考生对语音、数字（时间、日期、号码、价格等）、字母、句子结构及句意等的快速反应能力和理解能力。 第二节包括5段对话或独白，共15小题，每段材料播放两遍。主要考查考生对较长对话或短文的整体理解和把握能力，及对细节的归纳综合能力和判断推理能力等。 在听力部分的两节中，第一节的材料内容较少，难度较小；第二节内容较多，难度稍大。录音文字材料的难度略低于阅读材料，全部采用口语体。听力材料的读速接近于英美人的正常语速。3.测试的话题和材料 高考听力材料的选择非常重视语言的真实性原则，语言材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。高考听力测试解题策略1.培养良好心态 听力测试题不同于其它题型，不可能像其它书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下。听力测试的做题速度受录音的播放速度所控制，录音放完瞬息即逝，无“回听”的机会或自由思考的余地。考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响。考生必须培养良好的心态。消除紧张心理。听力测试时，要做到心情平静，心态放松，精力集中。如果感到测试前心情比较紧张，做几次深呼吸，可有效缓解紧张情绪。克服急躁心理。有些同学在听力测试时，不是听材料大意，而是专注于听个别单词。有个别词没听懂，往往停下来去思索，随即产生急躁焦虑心理，头脑一片空白，等回过神来时，录音早已放完。因此要学会顾全大局，局部放弃而取整体，并借助“精神胜利法”给自已释压减负。2.合理预测合理预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示，如所给答案选项，段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。从答案选项中预测Q: What does Tom do?A. Hes a truck driver. B. Hes a ship captain. C. Hes a pilot.从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的从说话人口气预测：在A,B两人的对话中，如果B是附和或赞成，往往说“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如A用否定句，B表同意时则用“No”，“Neither / Nor”等。 A: Harvey doesnt seem to fit into this class.B: No, he is really a fish out of water.3.做简要笔记听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息（包括数字，人名，地名，关键词），前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。例：How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.$18 B. $24 C. $30原文：W:Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children.M: All right, Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please.笔记可简化为：$ 6 A（A代表adult），C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)4.听清数据，简要记下，加以运算。在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。 At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00录音原文：W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is?M: Sure. Well, its 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 对话中提到了三个时间Its 3 now, in 2 hours， in 15 minutes.现在是3点，开往Manchester的火车要两小时后才开，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把3点和2点相加，会得出火车5点才开的错误选项C。 数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种：要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌号码等；计算时间，钱款，距离，年龄，人或物的数量等；听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中；注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 记住时间是60进制。特别注意dozen（十二），fortnight(两个星期) ，score(二十)等。如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。例：At what time does the office open？A. At 8:15 B. At 8: 30 C. At 7:45从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点几分。听力原文：M:I wonder why the office is still not open.W: But its not yet eight. In fact, its only a quarter to eight.5.抓住关键，对症下药 听力考试常出现以Where提问的问句，考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生要对此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work?/ Whats his job?之类的问题时，就会派上用场。 如下列这些:restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, souphotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out)hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examinepost office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcelairport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping carstore: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change， bargain, fitschool: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playgroundlibrary: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat如：Whats the man going to do?A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.根据选项看，对话似乎与bus有关，主要信息捕捉范围是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之间。听音范围明显缩小。录音原文 M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport?W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it.关键词“run”和“catch”正好对上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。 6.较长对话和短文的理解抓听首句和首段有助于整体理解文章结尾部分所给出的信息不一定是题目的正确答案，可能只是一个陷阱推理思路要正确语境中抓要点7.果断选题，学会放弃相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至影响后面的答题.切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的结果。总之,做听力题时注意提前浏览题干和预测；听录音时，注意力高度集中，适当记录；出现漏听时，大胆“丢前保后”。高考听力测试分主题指导（一）关于数字、时间计算的试题常提问的方式一般有：When ? What time ? How old ? How much ? How many ?涉及的数字主要包括：日期、时间、年代、年龄、价格、数量、距离、房号、电话号码,基数、序数、百分数、分数等。常见的有：half ,double, twice,one-third,percent, a pair,a dozen,penny, cent数字、时间类题可分为辨别型和计算型两种：辨别型亦称直接型即答案在录音中直接给出，而书面选择项排列出几个与录音信息中近音，近形的数字（时间），用以混淆视听，迷惑考生，以考查考生对数字的辨音、辨形能力。计算类是指录音信息中至少出现两个数字，考生不仅要听清这些数字（时间）概念，而且要搞清楚它们之间的关系，用到简单的加减乘除运算，通过快速心算来确定答案。例1.How many postcards are the man and the woman going to buy? A. Ten. B. Fifteen. C. Twenty.例2.How much change will the woman give?A. Four dollars and twenty cents. B. One dollar and twenty cents. C. Eighty cents.例3. When does the conversation take place? A.4:50 B.4:10 C.5:10例4. What size does the man want?A. 9. B. 35. C. 39.（二）关于地点、方向的试题地点、方向也是听力测试中常出现的考点。这类题常出现两大类表示地点的名词.一是国家与城市名:如：China，America，Canada，Britain，Australia，Japan，India，Beijing等；二是公共场所、单位等:如：cinema，hotel，post office，hospital，library，restaurant，airport，school，farm，factory等。地点、方向题的考点可能有两种情况：对话中涉及到几个地点，试题就某一个地点提问； 对话发生在未明说的某一特定地点，要求大家根据对话中所出现的特定场合，依据话题、对话内容来猜测判断说话人在什么地方谈话。在应对此类问题时，考生应注意对话或短文的关键词语，通过关键词语来判断地点。例.Where and when will the reunion be held? A. In Tianjin this fall. B. It is not mentioned in the dialogue. C. In Beijing this autumn.例.Where does the conversation take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a cake shop. C. In a wine shop例3. Where is the man going this summer? A. He is going to all the continents. B. He is going to four of the continents.C. He is going to Asia.例4. Where does the dialogue most probably take place? A. In a university. B. In an embassy. C. In a state-owned company.例5.Where and how are our guests going?A.To the airport on foot B.To Wahshington by plane C.To the garage by bus例6.What does the woman want to book?A.A room B.A taxi C.A ticket Where is the woman going?A.To the airport B.To the railway staition C.To another hotel（三）关于人物关系、职业、身份的试题 这类题目主要考查考生通过听录音判断对话者的职业或身份, 以及对话者之间的关系：如医生与病人(doctor and patient), 教师和学生(teacher and student), 服务员与顾客(waiter/assistant and customer), 老板和秘书(boss and secretary), 父/母和子/女(father / mother and son / daughter), 妻子和丈夫(wife and husband), 理发师与顾客barber and customer), 海关官员与旅客(customs officer and passenger)朋友(friends)等. 这种人物关系、职业、身份往往不能通过录音直接听到, 而是通过录音中提供一些情况或关键词, 通过双方的态度, 语气或行为让考生去判断, 分析, 推理等出正确答案。常见的提问的方式有： What is the man(woman)? Whats the mans (womans) occupation? Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?例1. Whats the relationship between the woman and the man? A. Secretary and boss. B. Nurse and patient. C. Nurse and doctor.例2. Whats the relationship between the two speakers?A. Bank cashier and customer. B. Hotel receptionist and businessman. C. Employer and employee.例3. What can we learn about the relationship between Ann and Alice? A. Classmates. B. Friends. C. Sisters.例4. Whats the most probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Employer and employee. C. Salesman and customer.（四）关于态度、观点与看法的试题此类试题是关于对话双方对某人某事所做出的好恶、赞成等的态度和情绪变化。常见的提问的方式有：What does the (woman) think of?How does the man (woman) feel about?例1. How are the curtains going to be like according to the conversation? A. They are going to be deep red. B. They are going to be white. C. They are going to be light yellow.例2. How will Tom prepare for the midterm exams? A. Hell stay up late for study. B. Hell trust to luck. C. Hell burn some oil at midnight.例3. How did the woman feel when Tom told her he had lost her dictionary? A. She felt nothing about it. B. She felt very angry. C. She felt Tom was boiling her blood.例4. How does Mrs Jones respond? A. She understands the mans reasons for leaving. B. She is a little bit angry. C. She feels nothing about the mans leaving.（五）关于建议、行动、计划 试题这类试题包括说话者建议做某事、决定做某事、让某人做某事等。常见的提问方式有： What does the man (woman) suggest the woman (man)do?What does the man (woman) mean? Why dont you?Why not ? How(What) about ? Youd better?此类题的特点是信息量较多，但一般不需要推理，只须听清、记准对话内容。通过浏览问题和选项，常可预测要捕捉的是对话一方还是双方的行动。若题目涉及双方，则要听清记准谁干了或要干什么，最好记简要笔记。若题目涉及单方，则要记清行为相对应的时间和先后顺序。例1.Whats the weather like today? A. It may be sunny because of no rain. B. It is raining heavily. C. There is a little rain.例.Whats the exact number the man want to dial? A. 8653-7244. B. 8653-7264. C. 8264-7244.例3. What makes the man feel so bad? A. He feels himself stupid. B. His book is too badly written that the woman cant understand it. C. His book wont be published.例4. Whats the matter with the man? A. He is going to be killed. B. His leg was badly wounded. C. He cannot wait for the ambulance any longer.（六）关于原因、结果试题该考点在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。原因或结果的判断有时很容易，往往在录音中有because，because of，for，as，since，now that，due to，owing to，thats why等暗示句。而有时却要通过上下文来进行逻辑推理。同时，说话人的语气，态度也对理解起着很大作用。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句，审好题干，作好听前预测，边听边做必要记录。常见的提问方式有：Why ? Whats the reason for?例1. Why cant they go boating this weekend? A. Because the woman has to look after her nephew. B. Because the weather wont be fine. C. Because Jack has cancelled their plan.例2. Why is Mark going to have instant noodles for lunch? A. Because he wants to have instant noodles for lunch. B. Because he is short of money. C. Because he has missed the lunch hour.例3. Why cant the man phone Xiao Li now? A. Because the woman doesnt want him to do so. B. Because Xiao Li is in the United states. C. Because Xiao Li must have fallen asleep.例4. Why has the man been standing in the wind for that long? A. Because he is a fool. B. Because he was made fun of. C. Because God made a joke of him.例5.听下面一段对话，回答以下3个小题：What is the relationship between the speakers? A.They are friends. B.They are strangers to each other. C. They are husband and wife. Why does the woman come to talk with the man? A. To get a job. B.To take a test. C. To see the secretary. What does the man mean by saying sorry? A. He cant hear the woman clearly. B. He doesnt need a designer. C. He cant help the woman.（七）判断态度、观点或意图这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类试题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。对人或事的看法、态度这类题目往往通过说话者语音语调和语气的变化以及一些词语意义的暗示来体现。这种题难度较大，考核也占一定比例，属于推理判断的一种。听这类试题我们首先判断两人的态度是否相同。如果不相同，我们要分清每个人对这件事情的看法，且千万不能混淆。弄清作者、说话人、当事人的意图，分析他的态度和感情：赞成还是反对，喜欢还是憎恨，担心还释然，乐观还是悲观。这是通过语气、语调等的变化来体现的。常见的提问形式有：What does the man (woman)mean?What can we infer from the conversation?What do we learn from the mans(womans) reply?表示态度的形容词如curious，interested，different，sympathetic，critical，或表示情感的形容词如sad，excited，satisfied，puzzled，nervous。态度或情感一般涉及：热情、冷漠、同意、反对、同情、不满、好奇、惊异、悲伤、兴奋、幸福、困惑、紧张等。审好题干对这一类题尤其重要，在题干中经常会出现一些标志词，如like，dislike，agree，disagree，prefer to等，识别这些词易于在头脑中先形成预测，有利于在听音过程中注意力的有效分配。例1. What do you think the man mean? A. He shouldnt be cross with anyone. B. The people who fail to attend classes should be punished. C. The names of those who are never present ought to be removed.例2. What does the woman mean? A. The sign to the playing field was broken. B. The design was really unusual. C. The new ground was broken.例3. What does the man mean? A. Good husbands are usually good fathers. B. Charles is tired of being a good husband and father. C. Charles is more successful as a husband than as a father.例4. What can we learn about the woman from the conversation? A. She has never been to Australia. B. She came to New Zealand when she was a small child. C. She lived in Australia longer than in New Zealand.例5.听下面一段对话，回答第以下4个小题。What do we know about the woman? A. She lives close to the office. B. She is new to the company. C. She likes the big kitchen.How does the man go to work? A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By car. Why was Susan late for work? A. She missed the bus. B. Her train was late. C. Her car broke down.What will the man do the next day? A. Go to work by train. B. Visit Lily in her flat. C. Leave home earlier.（八）关于主题内容试题此类试题主要问的是该对话的主题的内容是什么。它的特点是：对话双方都在谈一个内容，或是谈一件事、一个人，这就要求大家要注意对话的完整性，在答题时要把对话的两方联系起来考虑。一般应该更注意第一说话人所说的关键词语，它往往引出一个话题。常见的提问的形式有：What are they talking about ? What are the man and the woman talking about?例1. What is the matter with them? A. They are probably missing. B. They cannot get to the outskirts of the city. C. They cannot find out what they did wrong.例2. What are the two speakers talking about? A. The ads in the newspapers. B. The office the woman is working at. C. How and where to find a living place for the woman.例3. What do you think they are chatting about? A. The womans spare-time life. B. The womans husband. C. The problems between the woman and her husband.例4. What can we learn from the conversation? A. The man will tell the woman something about his plan. B. The man will tell the woman nothing about his plan. C. The man will tell everyone something about his plan.（九）关于对独白理解的试题对独白的理解是在对对话的理解基础上来考查学生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。注意听短文的首句和首段，文章的开首和开首段，往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。例1：听下面一段对话，回答17-20四个小题17.How many people are there in the womans family ?A.Three . B. Four . C. Five .18.What did the children think about having dinner together at home ?A.They thought it was funny . B.They disliked the idea at first .C.They preferred eating with friends .19.How often did the family finally decide to have meals together ? A. Every Sunday . B. Twice a week . C. Three times a week .20.Who finally set the time for these family dinners ?A. The children . B. The father . C. The woman speaker.例2：听下面一段独白，回答以下4个小题Where can you most probably hear this talk?A.In a class of the English language. B. In a class of the Greek language. C. In a class of the French language.How long does the class last? A. 11 weeks. B. 13 weeks. C. 15 weeks. What is “the short-cut” to learning words according to the speaker?A.Taking more courses. B. Reading basic words aloud. C. Learning how words are formed. Why is the class popular?A.It is not offered each term. B. Its taught by Professor Morris. C. It helps to master some useful rules.高考真题演练第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the weather like?A. Its raining. B. Its cloudy. C. Its sunny.2. Who will go to China next month? A. Lucy. B. Alice. C. Richard.3. What are the speakers talking about? A. The mans sister. B. A film. C. An actor.4. Where will the speakers meet? A. In Room 340. B. In Room 314. C. In Room 223.5. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home第二节 （共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why did the woman go to New York?A. To spend some time with the baby.B. To look after her sister.C. To find a new job.7. How old was the baby when the woman left New York? A. Two months. B. Five months. C. Seven months.8. What did the woman like doing most with the baby? A. Holding him. B. Playing with him. C. Feeding him.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9. Whet are the speakers talking about?A. A way to improve air quality.B. A problem with traffic rules.C. A suggestion for city planning.10. What does the man suggest? A. Limiting the use of cars.B. Encouraging people to walk.C. Warning drivers of air pollution.11. What does the woman think about the mans idea? A. Its interesting. B. Its worth trying. C. Its impractical.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12. How long will the man probably stay in New Zealand? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. Three weeks.13. What advice does the woman give to the man?A. Go to New Zealand after Christmas.B. Book his flight as soon as possible.C. Save more money for his trip.14. What can we learn about flights to New Zealand at Christmas time? A. They require early booking.B. They can be twice as expensive.C. They are on special offer.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15. Why did Jane call Mike? A. To ask him to meet her.B. To tell him about Tom.C. To borrow his car.16. Where will Jane be in about one hour?A. At Mikes place. B. At the airport. C. At a garage.17. What can we infer from the conversation?A. Jane has just learned to drive.B. Janes car is in bad condition.C. Mike will go to the airport.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What did the speaker ask the students to do the week before?A. Write a short story. B. Prepare for the lesson. C. Learn more about the writer19. Why does the speaker ask the questions?A. To check the students understanding of the story.B. To draw the students attention to reading skills.C. To let the students discuss father-son relationships.20. What will the students do in 10 minutes?A. Ask more questions. B. Discuss in groups.