小升初 名词 专题讲解及练习.doc

专题整理名词可数名词规则变化： 情况构成法读音例词一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词)加-s-s在清辅音ptk f后读Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces在浊辅音和元音后读z口诀：清清浊浊元浊以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-esClasses, boxes, watches, brushes以辅音+y结尾变y为i，加es读zCities, countries, studies以元音+y结尾加-s读zBoys, rays, days有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列：情况构成法读音例词以o 结尾加-es读zHeroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes加-s读zBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v，再加-es读vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wivesThief-thievesHalf-halvesKnife-knivesWolf-wolvesSelf-selvesLoaf-loaves加-s读Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book- ，bag- ，cat- ，bed- 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus- ，box- ，watch- ，glass- ，3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family- ，lady- ，story- 注意：“元音字母+y”结尾的，直接加-s，如：day-days，boy-boys4部分以“f或fe”结尾的单词，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife- ，leaf- （落叶），wolf-（狼） ，half- （一半），thief- （小偷）不规则变化：1 man- ， policewoman（女警察）- ， child（孩子）- ，foot- ， tooth（牙齿）- 2 单复数同形： fish-fish（鱼）, sheep（羊）-sheep，deer-deer，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，fish：当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es. ,如：all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼当鱼肉讲时，不可数。不规则变化一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式，如：man-men woman-womentooth-teeth foot-feetchild-children goose-geesemouse-mice ox-oxen二、部分单词的复数形式不变。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon, meansmeans三、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law。但是，也有些合成名词，特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数，如：Man-servant-men-servants，woman doctor-women doctors等四、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的，实际上是单数，如：Phonetics(语音学)，physics(物理学)，optics(光学)，politics(政治)，news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀，trousers长裤，wages工资，belongings所有物， surroundings环境，savings储蓄，findings调查结果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs楼梯，等七、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼，papers文件，证件，greens青菜，manners礼貌，ruins废墟，troops军队，looks外貌，times时代，等第三部分：不可数名词的计量方法(1)一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示，(注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如：a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议(2)用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词表示有生命物的名词的所有格1.单数名词词尾加s， 复数名词如果词尾没有s，也要加s。the boys bag 男孩的书包Mikes knife 迈克的刀子the childrens room 孩子们的房间mens room 男厕所2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加 the students bags 学生们的书包the teachers reading-room 教师阅览室3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s。如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加s。如：This is Tom and Jasons room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。These are Toms and Jasons rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格1、如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。the windows of the house 房间的窗户the title of the song 歌的名字the picture of the family 家庭照片2、在表示名词所有格时，s结构可以转换成of结构。the girls name the name of the girl 女孩的名字my fathers friend the friend of my fathers 我父亲的朋友3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。Beijings street 北京的街道todays newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes walk 十分钟的路程相关练习（第一部分）一、 写出下列名词的复数，无复数形式的用/表示。I _ this _ watch _ _ diary_ day_ foot_ _ book_ _ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ _ box_ _ strawberry _thief _ radio _ sandwich _man_ paper_ juice_ water_ photo_ _ toy_ _ _ milk_ rice_ _ tea_ monkey piano _ child _ 四、单项选择1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2、How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato3、_ and _ are not friends.A. Foxswolfs B. Foxeswolfs C. foxeswolves4、Thats art book.A. an B. a C. the D are5、The boys get .A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6、The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7、There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8、There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9、We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10、They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys11、They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher12、Would you like _ ,please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters13、These are the _ of our national _.A. photos heroes B. photoes heroes C. photos heros 14、There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes15、There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs五、写出下列词组的英文1、一些桃子 _ 10、我的自行车_2、五袋大米_ 11、教师节 _3、八只脚 _ 12、三八妇女节_4、二十颗牙齿_ 13、二张纸 _5、三瓶果汁 _ 14、四个男医生_6、四十个女警察_ 15、七颗梨树 _7、十二把小刀_ 16、一副世界地图_8、九个德国人_ 17、Helen的朋友 _ _ 9、许多孩子 _ 18、双胞胎的妈妈_六、名词巩固练习1、_ are good for our health.A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato2、The _ are running on the _.A. deer grasses B. deers grass C. deer grass3、 I was so hungry and I eat two _.A. bowls of noodle B. bowls of noodles C. bowl of noodles 4、How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian5、Most of _ live in _.A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany6、I want three_white paper.A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of7、Do you want to drink much_ ?A、a milk B、milk C、milks8、Do you want some_for supper?A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos9、In autumn，you can see a lot of_on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves10、My sister has two_ . One is old，the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches11、There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes12、There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens13、Some _ are coming to help us.A、peoples B、people C、the people14、I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike15、How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes16、There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers17、Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has18、There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 19、They come from Japan. Theyre _ .A、Japanese B、Japaneses C、a Japanese20、There are _ on the plate.A、 two meat B、two meats C、two pieces of meat第二部分1、 All the people at the conference are _。a. math teachers c. maths teacherb. maths teachers d. maths teachers (C)2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month。a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)3、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some。A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly。A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)6、There is some _ on the plate。A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)7、The little baby has two _ already。A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)8、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_。A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)10、He gave us_ on how to keep fit。A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B)11、Please pass me _。A. two glass of water B. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C)12、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _。A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B)13、This table is made of _。A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass (D)14、_ can get a better view of the game than the participants。A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B)15、Some _ are flying kites near the river。A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C)16、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us。A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B)17、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident。A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B)18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here。A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A)19、The police investigated those _ about the accident。A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B)20、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday。A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)第三部分一按要求填入单词的适当形式1Two_ live in this building. (family)2Look at those _. (child)3I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)4There are some _ on the table. (glass)5Would you like some _? (bread)6I have two _. (sister)7I like _. (cat)8Do you want some _ for supper? (potato)9He has two _. One is old ,the other is new .(watch)10In autumn ,you can see a lot of _ on the ground. (leaf)二选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打1Do you drink much (milk, milks)?2I visited (Tom, Toms) house yesterday.3He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.4This is (Tom and Marys ,Toms and Marys) house.5Give me a (piece of ,)paper, please.6I dont want (a, an)old cap.7Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).8How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?9There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.10That bag is my (fathers, fathers bag.)三将下列句子变成复数形式1This is a knife. _2That is a tomato. _3I have a wish. _4That child is very lovely. _5An Englishman stood there. _第四部分1、 All the people at the conference are _。A. mathematic teachers C. mathematics teacherB. mathematics teachers D. mathematics teachers2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month。A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor3、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some。A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly。A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6、There is some _ on the plate。A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7、The little baby has two _ already。A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8、We need some more_. Can y