初中英语语法第4集：名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题及答案(共64页).doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语语法第4集：名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题及答案（共64页）初中英语语法English Grammar（本集第九至十章，第九章、动词。第十章、动词的时态。有详细的基础知识复习与总结基础，适合初中生；有中考真题欣赏，有答案与解析；有配套练习题及答案或者答案解析。）目 录第一章 构词法（word-formation）第二章 名词（Nouns）第三章 冠词（Articles）第四章 代词（Pronouns）第五章 数词（Numerals）第六章 形容词（Adjectives）第七章 副词（Adverbs）第八章 介词（Prepositions）第九章 动词（Verbs）第十章 动词的时态（Tenses）第十一章 动词的语态（Voices）第十二章 限定动词与非限定动词（Finite and Non-finite Verbs）第十三章 简单句（The simple sentences）第十四章 It的用法（The use of “it”）第十五章 并列句（The compound sentences）第十六章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-宾语从句第十七章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-状语从句第十八章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-定语从句*第九章 动词（Verbs）1. 动词的种类 按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词1) 行为动词（实义动词） 行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语 e.g. The sun shone brightly this morning.2) 连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be，become，get，look，seem，feel，smell，sound，keep，become，turn，fall等 e.g. She is a good swimmer.3) 助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。常见的助动词有be，have(has)，do(does)，will(would)，shall(should)1. 助动词的基本形式原形一般式过去式过去分词现在分词beamwasbeenbeingisarewerehavehavehadhadhavinghasdodoesdiddonedoingdoshallshallshouldwillwillwould(表中be，do，have及它们的相应形式已不表示“是”、“做”、“有”之意。)2. 助动词的用法 助动词be的用法A. be后面跟现在分词构成各种进行时态 e.g. My mother is cooking in the chicken.B. be后面跟过去分词构成被动语态 e.g. This bridge was built twenty years ago.C. be后面跟动词不定式表示根据安排要发生的事情e.g. We are to have an English evening next week. 助动词have的用法A. have后面跟过去分词构成完成时态 e.g. I have been to the teachers office.B. have后面跟动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情 e.g. Its raining hard. She has to stay at home. 助动词do的用法A. 用来构成疑问句和否定句 e.g. I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。B. 用来加强语气，起强调作用，一般解释为“一定要”，“真的” e.g. Do come and see me.C. 用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复 e.g. I work harder than he does. 助动词shall/should与will/would的用法A. shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形。 e.g. We shall visit the Science Museum next month. He asked me if I should take part in the sports meet.B. will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形 e.g. The weather report says that there will be heavy rain tomorrow afternoon. 【注】现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用shall表示将来时间已越来越少，大量采用will，它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使是第一人称疑问句也用will。 e.g. We will set off soon. Will I be able to go out tomorrow.4) 情态动词 情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法，但不能独立作谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1. 情态动词的基本形式现在式否定式的缩写过去式否定式的缩写cancantcouldcouldntmaymightmustmustntshallshantshouldshouldntwillwontwouldwouldntneedneednt2. 几个常用情态动词的用法 情态动词can(could)的用法A. 表示智力、体力方面的能力 e.g. He can speak both English and French.B. 在口语中，can常代替may，表示“许可”、“可以” e.g. Can I use your computer?C. can有时意为可能，表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”，常用于否定句或疑问句 e.g. Can the news be true?D. could可代表can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转 e.g. Could you please ring up again at six?【注】 be able to可以和can(could)表示同样意思 e.g. No one can do it.=No one is able to do it. 表示将来或其他时间的能力和做具体一件事的能力时要用be able to， e.g. Will you be able to come tonight? 情态动词may(might)的用法A. 表示允许或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思 e.g. You may go now.【注】回答带有may的疑问句时，否定式常用must not(mustnt)，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思 e.g. May I take this magazine out of the reading-room? No, you mustnt.B. 表示说话人的猜测，认为某一件事“或许”、“可能”发生 e.g. You may be right.C. Might也可以代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定 e.g. It might rain this afternoon. 情态动词must和have to的用法A. 表示“必须”，“应当” e.g. We must be strict in our work.B. must的否定形式must notmustnt，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思，语气比较强烈。C. 回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need notneednt或dont have，表示“不必”、“用不着” e.g. Must we hand in our exercise today？ No，you neednt.D. 表示说话人对事物的推测，比may语气肯定得多，意为“一定”、“准是” e.g. She must know how to solve the problem.E. have to表示“不得不”、“必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件时的必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态 e.g. She has to do a lot of housework every day. 情态动词should的用法A. 表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当” e.g. You should listen to the doctors advice.B. 表示预测，常译为“可能” e.g. They should be here by now. 情态动词need的用法A. need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”、“必须” e.g. You neednt come here so early tomorrow.B. need可用作实义动词，其否定形式要借助dont，doesnt或didnt；疑问形式要借助do，does或did e.g. Do you need any help? 情态动词willwould的用法A. 用于疑问句,一般用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问 e.g. Will you have another cup of coffee?B. 表示“意愿”、“决心”等，可用于各种人称 e.g. Ill do my best.C. 用would时语气比will委婉 e.g. Would you please pass me the ruler? 情态动词shall的用法在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示 e.g. Shall we go out for a walk?*2012中考真题欣赏【2012贵州铜仁】31.You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. needD. must【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词的辨析。句意为：当交通灯变红，你“必须”停下来。根据语境可知此空意为“必须”，四个选项中，只有must具体有此意，故选D【2012贵州毕节】30. When winter comes, days get_.A. long and longB. short and short C. longer and longerD. shorter and shorter【答案】D 考查形容词比较级的用法。句意为“冬天来了，天变得越来越短”，故选D。【2012福建福州】41. Mum, must I stay there the whole day? No, you_. You_come back after lunch, if you like.A. mustnt; can B. neednt; must C. neednt; may【答案】C【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。由must引导的一般疑问句表示否定回答时需要用neednt或dont have to；表示答应准许某人时情态动词可以用can或may。故选C。【2012贵州贵阳】45. “Whose notebook is this?” “It _ Jims. It has his name on it.” A. cant be B. must be C. can be【答案】B考查情态动词的用法。表示猜测。cant be 意为“不可能是”；must be 意为“一定是”；can be 表示猜测，一般用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于肯定句中。根据句意：这是谁的笔记本？它一定是吉姆的，因为上面有他的名字。故选B.【2012.安徽省】42. Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You_ hurry now.A. should B. needntC. mustD. cant【答案】B【2012北京】27.Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?No, you _.A. shouldntB. wouldntC. mustntD. neednt【答案】D【2012甘肃鸡西市】31. Is that your teacher? That_be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.A. cantB. mustntC. may not【答案】A【2012广东】34. I swim here? Im sorry. Childrenswim alone here.A. Must; cantB. May; mustC. Can; mustntD. Cant; can【答案】C【2012贵州安顺】18.You can hardly swim，_you?_But my mother says shell teach me during my summer holidayAcant；No Bcan；NoCcant；YesDcan；Yes【答案】B【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】31. Is that your teacher? That _be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.A. cantB. mustntC. may not【答案】A【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _it every day. A. practise to speakB. to practise speakingC. practise speaking 【答案】B【2011湖北恩施】35. Is that girl under the tree Mary?No, that _be Mary. She is in New York.A. canB. mustntC. cant【答案】C【2012 湖北黄石】36.Is Maria kocking at the door?It_be her. She is in Australia now.A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant 【答案】D【2012湖北荆州】21. Shall we take a taxi? No, we . Its not far from here.A. cant B. mustntC, shouldnt D. neednt【答案】D【2012湖北武汉】35. You _ be happy with the strong public support youve received.Yes,youre right.Im really excited.A.mayB.can C.mustD.need【答案】C【2012湖北咸宁】26. Tom, you _ play with the knifeYou_ hurt yourselfBA. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should【答案】B【2012湖北咸宁】27.Jim, can you _ this word in Chinese? B Yes, I can_ a little Chinese.A. speak; say B. say; speak C. tell; speak D. talk; say【答案】B【2012湖北宜昌】33. My brother won the first prize in speech competition. Congratulations! You be excited about that! A. need B. must C. would D. can【答案】B【2012湖南常德】25. In competition, as in life, you _ not always win.A. may B. shall C. must【答案】A 【2011湖南株洲】26. That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant【答案】C考查情态动词辨析。Neednt意为“不必”；mustnt表示“明令禁止”；cant表示“不可能”。根据句意“那个男人不可能是我的英语老师。他去了加拿大。”故选C。【2012江苏淮安】6. Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?No, you . All of us will go on an outing.A. mustnt B. cantC. neednt D. couldnt【答案】C【2012江苏连云港】4.Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing. Really? Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant【答案】D【2012江苏南京】5. -Have you decided which senior high school to choose? -Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must B. may C. need D. should【答案】B【2012江苏苏州】7. I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S. _ I have a look?Yes, certainly.A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should【答案】A【2012江苏无锡】6. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!A. mustntB. mustC. cantD. can【答案】C【2012江苏宿迁】16. Must I do my homework now, Mum? . You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustntC. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must【答案】A【2012江苏盐城】6. Dad, must I practice the piano today? No, you . You may do it tomorrow.A. needntB. mustntC. shouldntD. cant【答案】A【2012江苏扬州】8. Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic? Im not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. needB. canC. mayD. shall【答案】C【2012江苏镇江】3. Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _ hardly see the words on the blackboard. - Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.A. can B. must C. may D. need【答案】A【2012江西】30. Last year I _ drive. I used to take the bus.A. could B. couldnt C. should D. shouldnt 【答案】B【2012辽宁大连】9.InBritain,you_be18ifyouwanttodriveacar.A.canB.mustC.mayD.might【答案】B【2012 内蒙古包头】28. You be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon. Yes, I cant wait any longer.A. shall B. can C. need D. must【答案】D【2012 呼和浩特】10. _ I try on those shoes in the window? _. They are just on show A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cant D. Can; Yes, you could【答案】C*配套练习题及答案( ) 1. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss. A. could B. didnt have to C. might D. shouldnt( ) 2. Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt( ) 3. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may( ) 4. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need( ) 5. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must( ) 6. Its still early. You _.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry( ) 7. May I stop here? -No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont( ) 8. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( ) 9. Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 10. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will( )11. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may( ) 12. _ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must( ) 13. You _ be more careful next time. A. have to B. may C. must D. might( ) 14. You _ miss the lesson, though we _ have it on Thursday. A. mustnt; neednt B. neednt; mustnt C. mustnt; mustnt D. neednt; neednt( ) 15. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. whose _ it be? A. must B. may C. would D. can( ) 16. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody _ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now. A. will B. may C. can D. must( ) 17. A teacher _ do every exercise, but a student must. A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt( )18. The matter _ be changed into a gas, but it _ be heated to its boiling point. A. may; neednt B. may; can C. mustnt; neednt D. can; must( ) 19. Teachers and students _ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts. A. must B. can C. may D. should( ) 20. Cars and buses _ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must( ) 21. Do you think his story _ true? -I don think so. But it sounds good.A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be( )22. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You _ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may( ) 23. How long _ the book be kept? -For two weeks, but you _ return it on time. A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need( ) 24. May I have an apple, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ wash your hands first? A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 25. -_ the man there be our new teacher? -He _ be, but Im not sure. A. May; mustnt B. Can; may C. Must; cant D. Can; cant( ) 26. Somebody is knocking at the door. Who _ it be? -It _ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; cant B. can; mustnt C. might; could D. might; may参考答案 15 BDDCD 610 DAACB1115 BACAD 1620 CBDCD 21-26CDCBBA*2. 短语动词的类型1) 动词+介词（用作及物动词，后跟宾语），此类短语动词有wait for，look for，look after，look at，look into，agree to，agree with，hear from等 e.g. He looked after us very well.2) 动词+副词（有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词），此类短语有find out，give up，hand in，hurry up，knock down，leave behind，look out，look up，put on，slow down，think over，try on，try out，wake up，work out等 e.g. He called up the man.【注】当这类短语动词的宾语是名词时，它可以置于短语动词之后， 置于短语动词之中。但若宾语是代词担任时，则其只能置于短语动词之中。 e.g. Can I try them on, please?3) 动词+副词+介词 此类短语有catch up with，come out of，do away with，get down to，get on with，keep up with，look forward to，put up with等 e.g. I cant put up with these noisy people.4) 动词+名词+介词 此类短语有catch hold of，have pity on，make friends with，make fun of，make room for，pay a visit to，pay attention to，play a part in，take care of，take interest in，take part in，take hold of等 e.g. The elder sister takes care of the young children.5) 动词+介词+名词 此类短语有come to life，bring to an end，go to bed，take by surprise，set on fire，get in touch等 e.g. The cigarette set the house on fire.6) be+形容词+介词 此类短语有be afraid of，be fond of，be angry with/at，be strict with，be good at，be worried about，be weak in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be sick of，be surprised at等 e.g. She was afraid of snakes.3. 及物动词和不及物动词1) 及物动词必须带宾语，表示动作的对象 e.g. I like music.2) 不及物动词不能或不需带宾语 e.g. The wind is blowing hard.3) 多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词 e.g. I hear your father has left Beijing for Tokyo.(及物动词) When did he leave?(不及物动词)*2012中考真题欣赏【2012福建福州】34. It was such a funny show that people couldnt help _again and again.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing【答案】C【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。cant help doing sth. 意为“禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选C。【2012福建福州】42. Its time for the weather report. Could I _ the TV, Dad? Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down【答案】A 【解析】选A。考查短语动词的辨析。turn on意为“打开”；turn off意为“关闭”；turn down意为“调小（音量等）”。由答语可知爸爸也想看电视了解天气状况，因此此处需要用表示“打开（电视）”的短语动词。故选A。【2012贵州贵阳】38. When you leave the reading room, you should remember to _ the lights. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off【答案】C考查动词短语的用法。turn on意为“打开”；turn down意为“关小”； turn off意为“关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选C.【2012贵州贵阳】42. Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to _ and give away to kids who dont have bikes. A. fix up B. set up C. put up【答案】A考查动词短语的用法。fix up意为“修理，改进”；set up意为“建立，创立”；put up意为“建造，张贴”。根据句意：吉米有16辆坏了的自行车需要修理，他把他们分给没有自行车的孩子们。故选A.【2012.安徽省】45.- Smoking is bad for your health.-Youre right. I decide to_.A. take it downB. find it outC. turn it offD. give it up【答案】D【2012甘肃鸡西市】25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_the radio?A. turn downB. turn upC. turn on【答案】A【2012广东】41. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you the TV a bit, please? I cant hear it clearly. A. turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down【答案】C【2012贵州安顺】28.Mrs. Wang always asks us to _ conversations in