高中英语 UNIT 1 Great Scientists课件 新人教版必修5.ppt

unit1greatscientists warmingup whatdotheyhaveincommon theyarescientists let shaveacompetition trythisquizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost 1 whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat archimedes 287 212bc anancientgreekmathematician physicist 2 whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged charlesdarwin charlesdarwin 1809 1882 britishauthoroftheoriginofspecies 3 whoinventedthefirststeamengine thomasnewcomen 1663 1729 british improvedthefirststeampumpandturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712 4 whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren gregormendel czech 1822 1884 grewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredityandinheritedcharacteristics 5 whodiscoveredradium mariecurie 1867 1934 polishandfrench wontwonobelprizes 6 whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities thomasedison 1847 1931 anamericaninventor inventedphonograph electriclightbulb 7 whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople leonardodavinci 1452 1519 italianartist monalisa 8 whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground sirhumphrydavy 1778 1829 british didresearchintodifferentgases 9 whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened zhangheng 78 139 chinese inventedseismograph 10 whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes stephenhawking 1942 abritishastronomer 遗传学电浮力定理镭进化论画家蒸汽机矿工安全灯黑洞理论地震仪 阿基米德archimedes达尔文charlesdarwin纽科文thomasnewcomen孟德尔gregormendel居里夫人mariecurie爱迪生thomasedison达芬奇leonardodavinci汉弗来 戴维爵士sirhumphrydavy张衡zhangheng斯蒂芬 霍金stephenhawking doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch sevenstages pre reading drawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidence whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases aninfectiousdiseasecanbepassedfromonepersontoanother especiallythroughtheairyoubreathe whatdoyouknowaboutcholera choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledvibriocholera 霍乱弧菌 itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐的 andlegcramps 腿痛性痉挛 whatisthepassageabout johnsnowdefeated kingcholera withthehelpofscientificresearch reading johnsnowdefeats kingcholera findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph para 1deadlydisease choleraoutbreakinlondonpara 2twopossibletheoriespara 3lookforevidencepara 4markinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdiepara 5analysethewaterpara 6findothersupportingevidencespara 7thepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwastoblame what sthemainideaofthepassage johnsnowwasawell knowndoctorinlondon thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined howjohnsnowcollected analyzeddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit doyouknowwhatwasthismapusedforin1854 findingoutthecauseofcholera 2 whathappenedin1854 3 howmanypeoplediedin10days anothercholeraoutbreakhitlondon morethan500people answerthefollowingquestions 1 whycouldn tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst neitheritscause noritscurewasunderstood 4 whyistherenodeathatno 20and21broadstreetaswellasatno 8and9cambridgestreet thesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromthebroadstreetpump 5 whichtheorydidjohnsnowbelievein peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals 6 topreventthecholerafromspreadingagain whatdidjohnsnowdo suggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamine suggestedthatnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound instructedthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletothepollutedwateranymore 1 readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened comprehending anoutbreakofcholerahitlondonin1854 johnsnowbegantotesttwotheories johnsnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere johnsnowmarkedthedeathsonamap hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease kingcholerawasdefeated 2 readthepassageagainandanswerthesequestions 1 johnsnowbelievedidea2wasright howdidhefinallyproveit johnsnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater 2 doyouthinkjohnsnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap giveareason no themaphelpedjohnsnoworganizedhisideas hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater drinkinghabits heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause 3 cholerawasa19thcenturydisease whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday why threesdiseases whicharesimilartoday aresars aidsandbirdflu becausetheyareserious haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem 3 usingthestagesforscientificresearchandexercise1 writeashortsummaryofthereadingpassage johnsnowwantedtofindthecauseofcholera hebelievedthatpeoplebecameillaftereatinginfectedfood heusedthenextoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea hestudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgottheirwaterfromthesamepump manypeopleintheareadied johnsnowshowedthatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpwasinfected heshowedthatcholeracouldbedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater languagepoints 1 liftsth sb up提起 举起 抬高don tshuffle liftupyourfeet 别拖着脚走路 把脚提起来 2 explainsth tosb 向某人解释某事thelawyerexplainedthenewlawtous 律师向我们解释了新法律 3 pass from 从 处传来passby路过 经过 回避passdown使流传passon传递 传授 4 putforward提出 计划 建议等 将 提前 把钟表拨快heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案 thematchhasbeenputforwardto1 30 比赛已经提前到一点半举行 puttheclockforwardbytenminutes 把钟表拨快十分钟 5 conclude1 themeetingconcludedat8 00 结束 2 thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty 陪审团认定他有罪 3 toconclude 总而言之 总之 插入语 toconclude iwanttothankyouforyourhelp conclusion c 结论 结束 决定 协议 fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt 短语 make drawaconclusion 得出结论cometo reach arriveataconclusionbring toaconclusion结束inconclusion最后 6 johnsnowwasafamousdoctorinlondon soexpert indeed thatheattendedqueenvictoriaasherpersonalphysician attend v 1 出席 参加hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself 他决定亲自赴会 2 照顾 看护 whichdoctorisattending to on you 哪位医生护理你 3 伴随 陪同 theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty 这项工作带来许多困难 expert 1 n 专家 能手anagriculturalexpert农业专家2 adj 熟练的 有专门技术或知识的anexpertrider熟练的骑手hewasattendedbyhispersonalphysician 他的私人医生护理他 7 buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera ordinarypeoplewhowere 在句中是过去分词作后置定语 表示被动 意为 患霍乱的 e g thebookwrittenbyluxunisverypopular exposev 1 暴露 expose to heexposeshisskintothesun 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下 2 揭露 揭发heexposedtheirplot 他揭穿了他们的阴谋 9 neitheritscause noritscurewasunderstood curen 治疗方法v 治愈 治好 强调结果 curesb of 治好某人 病thedoctorcuredhimofhisillnessatlast 医生最终治好了他的病 8 somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak terrifiedpeople惊恐的人们everytimeiexpressanopinion shearguesback 每当我发表意见时 她总是反驳 10 heknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound controlv tohavepowerover rule direct统治 控制youaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughiwereyourslave thegovernmentistryingitsbesttocontrolprices 政府正在努力控制物价 hecannotcontrolhisanger 他无法抑制自己的愤怒 n 控制 统治 掌握 1 losecontrolof失去对 控制beoutofcontrol失去控制thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree 司机失去控制 车撞到了树上 thecarwasoutofcontrolandranintoawall 车失去控制 撞到了墙上 2 incontrolof控制着 mr brownisincontrolofthemoney 布朗先生管理钱财 3 underthecontrolof 在 的控制下 被 控制着mr brownisincontrolofthemoney themoneyisunder inthecontrolofmr brown 11 absorbvt beabsorbedin 被 吸引 专注于做某事thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale 1 吸收 水分 aspongeabsorbswater 海绵吸水 2 吸收 接受 看法 知识 thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgewhichteacherscouldgivehim 12 suggest用法 1 suggest表示建议可跟名词 动名词及that从句 建议某人做某事 不用suggestsb todosth 而用suggestsb sdoing或that从句 如 他建议我们早点去机场 esuggestedusleavingearlyfortheairport hesuggestedourleavingearlyfortheairport hesuggestedthatwe should leaveearlyfortheairport 2 暗示 表明 可跟that从句 但必须用陈述语气 hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill 名词suggestion后跟的同位语从句和表语从句也用thatsb should doe g mysuggestionisthatwe should haveameetingtodiscussitatonce 13 thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days severeadj 1 人 纪律 严厉的 严格的 hisseverelookfrightenedme 他的严厉表情使我恐慌 2 疼痛 剧烈的 hehasaseverepaininhisleg 他的腿疼的厉害 3 beseverewith bestrictwith对 要求严格heisseverewithhimself 他严格要求自己 sars severeacuterespiratorysyndrome严重急性呼吸综合症 14 itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame blamesb fordoing sth 因为某事责备某人heblamedtheboyforhismistake blame on 谴责 把 归功于betoblame 应受责备 应负责任 主动表被动这个错误应归咎于谁 whoistoblameforthemistake weallfeelitisjackaswellashiswifethat fortheirson sbadperformanceatschool aretoblameb istobeblamedc aretobeblamedd istoblame d 15 immediatelyjohnsnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinbroadstreettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused 约翰 斯诺马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手 这样 水泵就用不成了 handlen 把手v 1 触 摸 拿pleasehandletheglasswithcare 2 处理或负责 管理thehosthandledadifficultargumentskillfully 3 操纵 控制thecarhandleswell 这辆车开起来真灵便 immediately themoment directly instantly等都可以作连词 引导时间状语从句 意为 一 就 如 iwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyiseehim 我一见到他就把这封信给他 icamedirectlyigotyourletter 我一接到你的信就来了 thenewbridgewilllinktheseatothemainland hissuccesswaslinkedtohisdeeploveforpeople istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease 吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗 16 hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtothebroadstreetoutbreak belinkedto 把 与 连接起来 17 announce公布 宣告wehaveannouncedourengagementtosomefriends 我们已经向一些朋友宣布了我们的婚约 thegovernmentspokesmanannouncedthatanewlawhadbeenpassed 政府发言人宣布一项新的法律已经被通过 ithasbeenannouncedthathewillresign 他将辞职的消息已经宣布 noonecansaywithcertaintythatthefireswereinfluencedbyclimatechange 18 thewatercompanieswerealsoinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore instructvt 命令 指示 教导heinstructedthemtolisten sheinstructedmeinhowtousethecomputer thegeneralinstructedthatthesoldiers should gotothefrontthroughthenight 归纳 instruct表示 命令 时 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 谓语动词用should 动词原形或省略should kindnessisoneofmygrandpa scharacteristics 和善是爷爷的特性之一 radiumisaradioactiveelement 镭是放射性元素 heisaportraitpainter 他是一个肖像画家 weallsupporthisscientificresearch 我们都支持他的科学研究 let sanalysetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong 让我们分析一下这道题 看什么地方出错了 thecrossingofthisdangerousriverwasachallengetomostofus 对我们大多数人来说 横渡这条充满危险的大河确实是个挑战 thinkofyourselfasasurvivor notavictim 把自己看作幸运儿 不要看作受害者 thesuspectsaysheisinnocent 此嫌疑人称自己是无辜的 iamsorry iamnotabletohelpyouwithyourenquiry 对不起 我无法帮助回答您的询问 you llfindthehotelintheneighbourhood 你会在附近找到这家旅店 thehearthasactedasastrongpump 心脏充当了一部强有力的泵 canyouforeseewhatwillhappeninthefuture 你能预见将来会发生什么吗 pollutedwaterisnotsuitablefordrinking 污染的水不适合饮用 learningaboutlanguage discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions 1 victim 2 physician 3 analyse 4 defeat 5 challenge findthewordandexpressionsfromthetextforeachofthefollowingmeanings 6 enquiry 7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb 10 link to severe suspected exposed experts cure foresaw 2 choosethewordsintheircorrectformstocompletethispassage concluded announced attended 3 lookatthefollowingsimplewords wecanmakeanotherexpressionsusingmake a nouninsteadofthem tomistake makeamistake makeasuggestion makeaplan makea makeachange makea makea makeanoise makea speech decision contribution description somepossibleexamplesforexercise4 theteacheraskedusnottomakefacesinclass itriedtomakefriendswithmyneighbourbuthewastoooldanddidnotwanttotalktome thebestwaytomakemoneyistostudyhardandgaingoodqualifications ididn tlikethemtocollectmeintheircarsoimademywaytotherestaurantonfootbymyself 5 i mtootiredtomakedinner soidecidedtoeatout tomakesurethathewasathome icalledhimupinadvance don tmakeupyoumindaboutbuyingthathousetillyouhaveseenafewmore whenyouleaveyourflatinthemorning itlookstidierifyoumakethebedbeforeyougo thestoreissellingofftheiroldtelevisionsetstomakeroomforthelatestmodels discoveringusefulstructures pastparticipleusedastheattribute thepredicative 一 过去分词作定语1 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义 alostanimalausedstampaninjuredfingerabrokencoinalightedcandle 一只迷路的动物一枚用过的邮票一个受伤的手指一枚破损的硬币一支点燃的蜡烛 注意 过去分词作定语时 有时只有被动意义 e g spokenenglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳areturnedstudent一名归来的学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯 2 过去分词作后置定语 表示被动和 或完成意义 howiregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods 我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服 thebookswrittenbyluxunarepopular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 想一想 什么时候用前置定语 什么时候用后置定语 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面 changethefollowingpastparticipleintoclauses 1 thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant thequestion wasveryimportant whichhadbeendiscussed 注 本句中的过去分词作定语 既表被动又表完成 2 theunitedstatesisadevelopedcountry theunitedstatedisacountry whichhasdeveloped 注 本句中的过去分词作定语 只表示完成 boilingwaterboiledwaterthechangingworldthechangedworldtherisingsuntherisensun v ing与v ed作定语的区别 正在沸腾的水 已经烧开的水 正在发生变化的世界 已经变化了的世界 正在升起的太阳 升起了的太阳 v ing表动作正在进行 v ed表动作已经完成 二 过去分词作表语1 过去分词作表语 表示主语的特点或所处的状态 其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式 e g everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech 听了他的发言 在场的所有人都很振奋 youseemfrightened 你似乎受了惊吓 系动词的分类 似乎类 感觉类 变成类 仍然类 基本形式 be am is are seem appear look feel sound smell taste become go get grow fall turn remain continue stay keep 2 过去分词作表语 构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语 强调特点或状态 而被动语态中 强调动作 e g thisshopisnowclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了 状态 thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday 这家商店每天6点关门 动作 whathesaidwas encourage wewere encourage atwhathesaid thefootballgameisvery bore wewere bore atthefootballgame v ing与v ed作表语的区别 encouraging encouraged boring bored v ing修饰物 翻译为 令人 v ed修饰人 翻译为 感到 1 lookatthefollowingsentenceswherethepastparticipleisused findtwomoreexamplesinthereadingpassageofeachusage exercisesonpage5 1 whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera 2heimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinbroadstreettoremovethehandlefromthepump 3hebecameinterestedinthetwotheories 4 neitheritscause noritscurewasunderstood attribute attribute predicative predicative 2 completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning 3 completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative hegot aboutlosingthemoney thepainterlookedso afterworkingforawholeday iwas withthefilmisawlastnight ihadexpectedittobebetter everybodywas tohearofthehealthofthefamousfilmstar everybodyisreally aboutthenewolympicstadiums hiswoundbecame withanewvirus blamed upset tired disappointed shocked depressed excited infected usinglanguage listeningandspeaking 1 whatdoyouknowaboutqianxuesen beforeyoulistentothetape lookatthepictureandtheexercisespredictthecontentofthelistening qianxuesen 1911 fatherofchina saerospace kingofrockets it sabouttheroleofqianxueseninthedevelopmentofspacetechnologyinchina 2 listentoparts1and2ofthetapeforthefirsttimeandwritedownthemainidea 1 whatdidqianstudyfirst 3 nowlistentopart1againandanswerthesequestions 2 whatexperiencedidhegetinamericathatwasusefulforchina inamericahebegantoworkonspacerocketssothathewasabletodevelopaspaceprogramwhenhecamebacktochina 3 whatwasqianxuesen smainachievementwhenhereturnedtochina qianxuesenfirststudiedtobeanengineer whenqianxuesenreturnedtochinahesetupaspaceinstitutetobegintrainingpeopleinhowtodesignandbuildrockets 4 listentopart2andfillinthechartbelow chineseastronautsinspacechinesesatellitesinspace becomearocketscientistbethefirsttolandonmarsandputqianxuesen spicturesthere agreatchinesescientistfatherofthechinesespaceprogrammeyuping yp istalkingtoherfriendstevesmith ss aboutqianxuesenandhisworkasarocketscientist listeningtext yp whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup steve ss iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitstars iwishtovisitmarsoneday yp ithinki dliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo i dliketobearocketscientistlikeqianxuesen ss whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist part1 yp well hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer laterhewenttoamericatostudyforhisdoctor sdegree itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets ss soitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktochina yp verymuchso therewasnoworkonspacerocketsbeforehebeganhisinstituteinchinatodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace ss doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets yp ihavenoideabutibelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbyachineseastronaut part2 ss yes nowthatchinahassentsatellitesintospace ihopewe llbethefirsttolandonmars thatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifiwerethatastronautiwouldputqianxuesen spictureonmarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork yp indeed heisrightfullycalledthefatherofthechinesespaceprogramme heismyheroandheiswhyiwanttobearocketscientist ss well we dbettergetonwithourhomework weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity yp rightyouare seeyou then ss seeyou ingroupsdiscussascientificjobyoumightchooseinthefuture whatjobdoyouwanttodo whateducationwillyouneed whatpersonalitywillbeneeded howlongwillthetrainingtake whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful howwillyouprepareforthiscareer whyareyousointerestedinthisjob thesequestionsmayhelpyou ialwayswantedto because theexperienceiwillneedis ineedtopractise ithinki mgoodat so i llneedsometrainingin imightfinditdifficultto mygreatestproblemwillbeto theseexpressionsmayhelpyou mike whatdoyouwanttodowhenyougrowup liru iwanttobuildrobots iwillhavetodoaphysicsandmathematicsdegreeinchina afterthatihopetogoabroadtoreadinguniversityinenglandwhereyoucanstudyallaboutrobots mike whypersonalitywillbeneededforthatjob sampleconversation liru ithinkineedtobepatientformyideaswilltakealongtimetodevelop ialsoneedtobecreativeenoughtohavegoodideas mike whatexperiencewillbemostusefultoyou liru ithinktechnologyandengineeringprojects ihopetoworkinafactoryinmyholidays mike whatkindofpersonmakesagoodinventor liru ithinksomeonewhoishappytopersevereatsomethingandlearnsfromhismistakes mike thankyou ithinkdesigningrobotssoundsfun readingandwriting copernicus revolutionarytheory reading nicolauscopernicus hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit carefulreading readthetextcarefully thenanswerthesequestions becausethepowerfulchristianchurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea 2 whatwashistheoryabout para1 allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense 1 whycouldhenottellabouthistheory para1 3 whathadtheastronomersnoticedinthesky para2 theyhadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers 4 whendidcopernicuscomple