高频动词用法详解(1).doc

常用动词用法1. serve 1) (vt. & vi).(为)服务，(为)服役，任(职)，供职serve the people为人民服务。serve in the army在军队服役。He once served under the king他曾经在那个国王的手下供职。2) (vt. & vi).侍/伺候，接待，为端上The waiters serverd the customers with red wine. 侍者为客人上红酒。serve tea after dinner. 饭后上茶。Lunch will be served at 12:00. 12点开饭。The housemaid served at the table. 女仆在桌边伺候。The manager of the restaurant has trained the waitress to serve correctly at table.饭馆的经理训练过那位女服务员如何正确地招待顾客。3) (vt. & vi)（对）有用，符合，适合，满足，用作The tool serves many purposes.这个工具有多种用途。Is this enough space to serve your needs?这个空间够你用吗？Serve as a model 作为榜样That big box may serve as a table.那只大箱子可作桌子用。The meeting will serve to develop bilateral relations between two countries. 这次会议将有助于发展两国的双边关系。4) (vt.) 向供应, 提供,The river has served the village with water for hundreds of years.那条河为该村庄供水已达数十年。The company will serve a meal at noon to all staff workers.该公司将为所有职员提供午餐。The restaurant serves nice food.这家饭馆供应的饭菜不错。5) (vt.) 度过(某段时间)She served two years in prison for theft. 她因偷窃服了两年刑。Serve ones apprenticeship.做学徒。6) (vt. & vi) （发）球Its my turn to serve. 轮到我发球了。2. work （vt. & vi）.1）（使）工作, （使）劳动，（使）干活，做Hes been working hard all day. 他辛劳地工作了一天。She works as a bus driver. 她的职业是公共汽车司机。Mary works for a publishing company. 玛丽在一家出版社任职。work at a new invention 从事一项新的发明work ones way through college 靠做工读完大学2）（使）运转/行, 使）操作All the telephones dont work properly today. 今天所有电话机都出故障了。Do you know how to work this machine？work a farm 经营农场3）起作用，有成效Does anti-wrinkle creamsreally work？抗皱霜真的有用吗？If the scheme works in practice, most of the farmers in this area will be rich.如果计划在实践中成功, 这地区的大部分农民将富起来。4）造成，产生The sea works high. 海浪汹涌起伏。work an abacus 打算盘work wonders 创造奇迹work a sweater 织毛衣5）固定词组work at/on 从事于，致力于；努力做work off 消除，去除work out 解决；算出；弄懂，理解；想出，制定出work up 激发，激起；制订出，精心做出3. grow （grew，grown）1）(vt.)种植 plant To plant, grow, or yield a crop. 种植谷物，生长谷物，生产谷物This farm grows mainly flowers and vegetables. 这个农场主要种植蔬菜和花卉。The farmer has grown the seed a big tree. 这个农民种下的种子长成了大树。They mainly grow wheat, corn, barley and oats. 他们主要种植小麦、玉米、大麦和燕麦。In this flat country，people grow rice and raise cattle 在这土地平坦的乡间，人们种植水稻，饲养牲畜。2) (vi.) 生长, 发育developPlants grow naturally. 植物自然地生长。Babies grow very quickly. 婴儿长得很快。The crops are growing well. 庄稼长得很好。3）（vi. & link v.） 渐渐变得 get，become，turnThe company has grown rapidly in the last five years. 这家公司近五年来迅速发展壮大。Shes growing to like him better. 她渐渐地更喜欢他了。Youve changed a lot.You have grown big boy. 你变了许多, 已经长成大小伙子了。The dispute grow warm. 争论变得热烈起来。The path grew more obscure in the fading light. 小径在渐渐消失的光线下变得更暗了。You will grow wiser，as you grow older 随着你年令的增长, 你会变得更聪明。In autumn leaves of trees grow yellow. 树叶在秋天渐渐变黄。4. pay1) (vt. & vi.) 付给; 付款This job pays well. 这份工作报酬不错。They had to pay rather heavily. 他们得付出沉重的代价。I have paid the milkman this month. 我这个月付款给送奶人了。He ought to pay the rent. 他应该付房租。We refused to pay them their wages. 我们拒绝付给他们工资。Do you pay interest on that account? 那种存款付给利息吗?2) (vt. & vi.) 有利可图; (对)有利, (对)值得Crime doesnt pay. 犯罪得不偿失。It pays to advertise. 登广告很有用。It will pay him to listen 听对他有利Telling lies does not pay. 撒谎不值得。Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it. 为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。It will pay to read a dictionary if you have time. 如果你有时间，翻翻词典是值得的。Can you make it pay to take such pains to do this job? 你这么费心做这事，值得吗？Tom searched for gold many years before he found pay dirt. 汤姆寻金多年才找到值得开采的含金矿土。It will pay in the long run if the setting off of firecrackers is effectively banned in the cities.从长远来看，在城市里真正有效地禁放鞭炮，是值得的。3) (vt.) 给予The manager paid her a compliment on her work. 经理赞扬了她的工作。To pay honor to. 给予巨大荣誉To give maximum (very close) attention to给予极大的注意If the investment is very big, we pay the biggest preference according to the actual circs. 投资规模较大的，按一事一议的原则给予最大优惠。The Employer should pay appropriate post allowance to the laborers engaged in the occupational-disease-inductive operation. 用人单位对从事接触职业病危害的作业的劳动者，应当给予适当岗位津贴。4) (n.)工资His pay goes up every year. 他的工资每年都有增加。The trade unions bargained away their rights in exchange for a small pay rise.工会不惜牺牲自己的权利以换取微薄的加薪。I get a good pay. 我的工资很高。They are striking for higher pay . 他们罢工要求增加工资。The staff want a pay rise. 全体职员希望增加工资。5.deliver 1) (vt. & vi.) 递送, 交付; 送货; 传送, 运载, 运输The telegram was delivered early this morning.这份电报是今天清晨送到的。The postman delivers letters.邮递员投递信件。He delivered them the goods.他给他们送来了一些货物。2) (vt.) 发言; 发表；宣布；发布Mr. Smith delivered the opening speech.史密斯先生致开幕词。3) (vt.)助产, 接生The midwife delivered her sister.那位助产护士给她妹妹接生。4) (vt.)发动, 提出 The enemy is going to deliver an attack during the dry season.敌人准备在旱季发动攻势。I delivered a verbal protest against their brutal acts.我对他们的暴行提出口头抗议。5) (vt.).履行诺言；实现意图(或期望)；不负所望(on)；兑现to deliver on ones pledge (or promise)6) (vt.) 射出，喷出；排放；放出，排出(液体、气体等)；提供，供给 The oil well delivers 300 barrels a day.这口油井日产原油300桶。 7) (vt.) 放弃；转让；引渡；移交，交出，交付(over，up)8) 分娩；生孩子6. inspire (vt.) 1）fill someone with confidence, eagerness, etc.鼓舞，激励Patterns：(1) to inspire sb./ sth (to do sth )(2) inspire + sth. + in sb. = inspire + sb. + with + sth. 激起某人的His speech inspired the crowd.他的演说鼓舞了群众。to inspire enthusiasm.振奋精神，to inspire ones fighting will 激励斗志The moving story inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.A good play serves to educate and inspire the people. 好剧目可教育人也可鼓舞人.This will inspire them to further efforts to win economic independence. 这将鼓舞他们进一步努力去争取经济独立。His words will forever inspire us to forge ahead courageously. 他的讲话永远鼓舞我们奋勇前进。Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.2）赋予某人灵感，启迪To inspire and enlighten the future generation 启迪后人To inspire their creativity. 激发他们的创造力。You inspired me by playing the piano so beautifully.你优美钢琴曲激发了我的灵感。The mind will not only deduce, speculate, and comprehend, but it will also awaken, will, enlighten and inspire.人的思想不仅能够推想、推测和理解，也能够觉醒、遂愿、启迪和激励。This paper tries to inspire Chinas urban design本文以期对我国的城市设计有所启迪。【同义词】(v.) inspire, encourage, motivate, stimulate, promote, excite, arouse, urge, spur, enlighten鼓励、鼓舞；启迪、刺激7. ensure (vt.) make certain that sth. will occur or be the case 确保，担保；担保获得（避免）1）pattern 1：ensure sth. Close cooperation will ensure better progress in our business. 不过密切合作将为我们业务的顺利开展提供保证Preparedness ensures success. 有准备, 成功就有保证。Implement the policy of readjustment,ensure stability and unity. 贯彻调整方针，保证安定团结。Close cooperation will ensure better progress in our business. 密切合作将为我们业务的顺利开展提供保证。Can memorization only ensure high marks in examinations? 2）pattern 2：ensure sb. sth. .A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信能保证他们接待你。Hard work combined with luck will ensure you a place in society. 3）pattern 3：ensure that-clause I will ensure that the car arrives by six oclock. 我保证汽车六点钟以前到。Ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 加强舆论监督The client must ensure that accurate records are kept. 8. guarantee（vt.）1）保证；担保We guarantee to be here tomorrow.我们保证明天来。I guarantee youll enjoy yourself.我保证你会过得很快活。Can you guarantee me a job when I get there?你可以确保我到那儿就可以找到一份工作吗?We can guarantee it pure.我们可以保证它的纯度。2）使(事情)可能发生His turning up will guarantee the success of the meeting.他一出席, 会议便成功在望。（n.）1）保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期Payment Guarantee 付款保证书，Guarantee period 保质期，Guarantee of insurance 保险担保书Can you give me your guarantee that the goods will be delivered before Friday?你能给我保证这批货在星期五之前交货吗?This guarantee is valid for one year.这份保证书有效期为一年。2）担保, 担保人If I try to borrow 10, 000 from the bank, will you be my guarantee?如果我向银行借一万美元, 你愿意作我的保证人吗?3）担保品, 抵押品What guarantee can you offer? 你能拿什么作抵押? 同义词assure，ensure，insure，promise，guarantee，pledge 保证, 担保9. create (vt.) 1) 创造，创作，创建to create disturbances 制造动乱，to create friction 制造摩擦，to create tension 制造紧张局势，to create “backdoors” “开后门”， to create a sensation 耸动视听, to create a fashion创造时新式样，to create the wealth of society创造社会财富，to create opportunity for fighting创造战机，to create favourable conditions创造有利条件God created the world. 上帝创造了世界。A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。To create a disturbance by making a great noise. 制造大声响引起骚动。Create genuine products and services! 创造货真价实的产品与服务！Failed to create temporary freeze file. 创建临时记忆文件失败。Create a default form module. 创建一个预先设定的表格模块.Create a digital feedback loop 创建一个数字化反馈循环系统。 2) 引起，产生Its bound to create trouble sooner or later. 迟早注定要引起麻烦。The project will create up to 40 new jobs. 这项工程将提供40个新的工作岗位。His arrival created a terrible confusion. 他的到来引起一场大乱。If she leaves her husband, she will certainly create a scandal in the village. 如果她与丈夫离异，肯定会在村子里引起公愤。【构词】creation (n.)创造，creative (a) 有创造力的，creativity (n.)创造力，creature (n.)生物【同义词】(v.) create, compose, design, invent, make, produce制造；生产10. convince (vt.) 1）使相信；使明白；使确信，使信服【同】assure, guarantee 【反】doubt, suspect, disbelieve, discreditPatterns：convince sb. that 使某人相信某事convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事I am convinced that he is honest. 我深信他是诚实的。We couldnt convince him of his mistake. 我们无法使他明白他的错。 Compulsion will never result in convincing them.强迫永远不会使他们信服。His words convinced me of his innocence. 他的话使我相信他无罪。It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt. 花费了几个小时法庭才相信他有罪。 2）说服，劝说（某人做某事）【同】convince，persuade，induce，urge，counsel，coaxWe could not convince him that he was wrong . 我们无法使他明白自己错了。The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way. 要说服傻子使之明白他是错的最佳方式是让他走自己的路。【构词】conviction (n.) 说服；信服；convinced (a) 确信的，信服的；convincible(a) 可被说服的；convincing (a) 令人信服的；11.concentrate (vt. & vi.)1）专心于; 注意I cant concentrate when Im hungry.我饿了就无法集中精力。concentrate ones energy 集中精力concentrate on studies 潜心