高中英语 Module13语法教学案（无答案）新人教版必修4.doc

必修四 module 1-3语法一：祈使句1、概述祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略，句末用叹号或句号。knock at the door before entering, please.进来时请敲门！（建议）look out! there is a train coming.注意！火车来了！（提醒）wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要走许多的路。（叮嘱）leave her where she is ! 让她留在原地！（命令）give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会挽救很多人的生命。（号召）2、祈使句的另外表达方式（1）“no名词或动名词” 表示祈使句“no名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。no smoking! 禁止吸烟！ no spitting!不准随地吐痰！no litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑！ no admittance except on business!非公莫入！（2）“be v-ed”结构表示祈使句 be guided by reason!理智些！ be seated! 请坐！ be persuaded by your father! 听你父亲的话！ be gone! 滚！（3）“be+ v-ing” 结构表示祈使句dont be looking out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外！do be doing your homework when i come in.我进来时，你一定在做作业吧！（4）let祈使句 lets祈使句lets引导的祈使句，包括听话者本人在内，表示建议，反意问句用shall we。lets begin, shall we? 我们开始好吗？lets go home.我们回家吧！ let me (us, him, her, it, them) 祈使句该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事，不包括对方（you）在内。let all the children be well educated! 让所有的孩子都得到良好的教育。let him go where he might, i dont care.他想上那就让他去，我不管！ let祈使句否定let 祈使句的否定可以为lets not/ let me (us) not或dont lets/ let me (us) 但let him等第三人称否定式为dont let him。其他人称亦可用dont let。dont let her disturb you！别让她妨碍我！lets not be in such a hurry! 让我们别这样急！ let祈使句强调 let祈使句强调的强调式为do lets或do let us。do let her go! 一定让她走！ do lets go climbing.我们一定去爬山！（5）“why not动词原形”等结构表示祈使概念 “why not动词原形”；“why 动词原形” “youd better/ best+do sth.”等结构可以表示祈使概念，用来表达方式，提出委婉建议，指责，反问等。-i usually go there by train.我通常坐火车去？-why not try going by boat for a change? 怎么不坐船换换口味。youd better go to school early tomorrow. 明天你最好早点去上学。-susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. susan,去和你姐姐扫院子。-why me? john is sitting there doing nothing. 为什么叫我去？john坐在那闲着。3、祈使句的主语祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的you,一般不出现。但若是要强调主语；或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩；表示向谁请求或发出命令，祈使句可有主语。 当说话人强调主语或上级对下级，长者对年青人或小孩讲话时。-alice, you feed the bird today, will you? 爱丽丝，你去喂鸟好吗？-yes. but i fed it yesterday.好，但我昨天喂了。 当说话人有急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩you mind your own business, and leave this to me.你别管闭事，把此事留给我好了。 当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。you go over there and sit next to tom，while he and i stay here.你到那里坐在汤姆旁边，我和他留在这里。4、祈使句的否定祈使句的否定结构一般是在谓语动词前加do not或用dont（口语中），有时也可用never，若祈使句有主语，否定词用dont或never要置于主语之前，不可用do not。sorry, joe, i didnt mean to对不起，joe。我不是故意要dont call me “joe”. im mr parker to you, and dont you forget it! 不要叫我joe。我是parker先生，不要忘了。 never be late again.别再迟到了。5、肯定祈使句的强调肯定祈使句可用助动词do加强语气，常译为“务必、一定要”。do save me! 天那！（救救我吧）do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时务必小心。do give my regards to your parents.请务必代我向你的父母问好。6、“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构（1）祈使句+ and(then，and then)+陈述句come early and youll catch the first bus. 来早点，你就能赶上第一班汽车。use your head then youll find a way.开动脑筋，那么你就会找到办法。（2）祈使句+（or，or else，otherwise）+陈述句work hard otherwise，youll fail. 努力干，要不，你会失败的。use your head or else you wont find a way. 开动脑筋，否则，你就找不到办法。7、祈使句的简略答语形式祈使句的简略答语，肯定或否定形式常用will或wont。-write to me when you get home.到家时给我打电话！- i will. 我会的。-dont forget to close the window.别忘了关窗。-no, i wont.不会忘。巩固练习：1. stand over there _ youll be able to see it better. a. or b. while c. but d. and 2. ive never seen anyone run so fast - _ david go. a. just watch b. just to watch c. just watching d. just having watched3. let us pass, _? a. shant we b. shall we c. wont we d. will you 4.letsgoandhelphim._?a.willyou b.shallwe c.dontyou d.dontwe5. be sure to write to us, _?a. will you b. arent you c. can you d. mustnt you6. dont smoke in the meeting-room, _?a. do you b. will you c. can you d. could you 7. - alice, you feed the bird today, _? - but i fed it yesterday. a. do you b. will you c. didnt you d. dont you 语法二：连词省略结构 eg: although _ my opinion，the old professor didnt come up with his own.a. against b. on c. for d. in一、连词介词while _，delia wrote a novel. 上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。once _，he forgot about all this. 一进考场，这一切他都忘了。while _，he studied the english labour movement. 在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。二、连词形容词if _, let me know beforehand. 如果有必要，可在事前通知我。though_, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。whenever _, the children play outside. 每当有可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。三、连词现在分词he tends to get carried away when _. 他一看电视中的摔跤节目就很兴奋。四、连词过去分词he will come if _. 他如被邀就会来。when _，she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。when _ according to the instructions，the drug has no side-effects. 若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。when _help, one often says “thank you” or “its kind of you”. a. offering b. to offer c. to be offered d. offeredwhen first _ to the market, these products enjoy great success.a. introducing b. introduced c. introduce d. being introduced五、连词不定式smiling pleasantly，the stranger turned as if _. 那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身面向我，似乎想对我说话。总结：“连词省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句，即认为是省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词 be。如：look out for cars when（_）crossing the street. 过街时注意车辆。he acted as if（_）certain of success. 他的举止就像一定会成功似的。有时可视为省略了 it is（其中的 it 并非主句主语）。如：lf （_）possible，please let me know by this evening. 如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。where （_）necessary，improvements will be made. 哪儿需要，就在哪儿改进。巩固练习1. although _ before the war，the engine is still in perfect order.a. building b. built c. to be building d. to have been built2. unless _，this law will make life difficult for farmers.a. to change b. changing c. changed d. to be changed3. if _ for this post，you will be informed within a week.a. accepting b. to accept c. accepted d. to be accepted4. where _ necessary，improvements will be made.a. they are b. we are c. are d. 不填5. she hurried out of the room，as if _ angry.a. was b. it was c. got d. 不填6. by 1977 things were beginning to improve，_ quickly enough.a. even if not b. even not if c. if not even d. if even notmodule 1-3i. 单词识记1. if you want to change your computer, you should give us your r_.2. as we grow older, we learn the _ (限度) of our abilities.3. the c_ was caught and put into prison the day before yesterday.4. police should have enough proof before they a_ a criminal.5. we all know that china is a country which has rich natural _(收据).6. it seems that more young people are interested in u_ life rather than the life in the countryside.7. using s_ energy is one of ways to protect the environment.8. we use a