初中英语 基本词汇语法解析 以字母S开头的单词.doc

ssad sd adj.可悲的；可耻的； （使人）悲伤的what a sad scene! 多么凄惨的景象!she looks so sad; see if you can jolly her along a bit. 她看上去非常悲哀；你试试看能否让她高兴起来。短语：1. sadder but wiser 从错误和失败中吸取教训。 2. sad to say 不幸的是 3. a sad face 忧愁的面容 4. sad news 令人伤心的消息 5. feel sad 悲伤sadly sdladv. 悲哀地；悲痛地his head drooped sadly. 他悲哀地垂着头。safe sefadj. 平安的；无危险的c保险柜the street is not safe for children to play in.孩子在大街上玩不安全safely sefladv. 安全地drive safely, he said and waved goodbye.“开车小心，”他说着挥手告别。 safety seftn. u安全，保险；the children were led to a place of safety.孩子们被带到一个安全的地方。 短语：1. safety first 安全第一 2. theres safety in numbers 人多势众 3. safety match 安全火柴 4. a place of safety 安全地点 5. safety island 安全岛sail seln. c航行, 船帆v.航行，启航we spent the weekend sailing off the south coast.我们在南部海岸附近驾帆船度过了周末。 短语：1.sail across 横渡salad sldn. c，u色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜） 短语：1.fruit salad 水果沙拉sale seln. c, u出售；卖 the new model goes on sale next month.新款下月上市。【on sale出售，上市 短语：1.have sales/ be on sale 打特价salt slt; sltn. u氯化钠；食盐ive put salt instead of sugar in your coffee, april fool !我在你咖啡里放了盐，而不是糖，跟你开个玩笑!知识拓展salty adj.含盐的，咸的same sempron. c同样adj. 相同的；无差别的；our children go to the same school as theirs.我们的孩子和他们的孩子上同一所学校。 the same as. .与相同短语：1.be the same as 和。一样 2.look the same 看起来很像sand sndn.c沙，沙子；沙滩 the children were playing in the sand.孩子们正在玩沙子。sandwich sn(d)wd; -wtn.c三明治（夹心面包）how i wished i could have a sandwich like everyone else! 我多么希望自己能像其他人一样三明治！satisfy stsfavt. 使满意；满足 she failed to satisfy all the requirements for entry to the college.她没有达到进人那所学院的全部要求。 短语：1.satisfy sb with sth 词型转换：adj. satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 满足的，满意的 .saturday std; -de （缩：sat.）n.c，u星期天we often go out to cinema on saturday. 我们常在星期六外出看电影。sausage ssdn. c,u香肠；腊肠.save sevv.救，挽救；节省； 短语：1. save ones face 保全面子 2. save the situation 挽回局势 3. save ones breath 保持沉默 4. save time 节约时间 5. save on 节约，节省6. save oneself 偷懒7. save sb. from 从救出某人 say (said, said) sev.说；表达； she said nothing to me about it.她没有跟我说过这件事。【易错警示】say着重指所说的内容，如果其后提及说话的对象，应用介词to。例如:what did she say to you?她对你说什么了?talk指“讲话，谈论”，用作不及物动词，通常强调谈话的动作，可与介词to, with和about连用。例如:she is talking with lucy in english.她正在和露西用英语交谈。speak指“说话，发言”，着重开口说话的动作，不强调所说的内容，其宾语通常是表示某种语言名称的词。例如: can you speak chinese? 你能说中文吗?tell指“告诉”，是直接给对方讲或以间接的方式转述某事，后面通常接双宾语，在少数情况下可用简单宾语。例如:did you tell her the news?=did you tell the news to her?你把这个消息告诉她了吗?短语：1. say sth. / sb. 表达 2. go without saying 显而易见 3. i dare say 的确，当然 4. say to oneself 自言自语 saying sen.c 谚语，格言，警句we also realize the truth of that old saying: charity begins at home.我们也明白那句老话很有道理：仁爱始于家庭。scared skedadj.惊慌的，吓坏了的i was too scared to move.我吓得动弹不得。scarf skfn. c围巾，领巾（pl. scarfs /scarves）the price of this scarf is below ten dollars.这条围巾价格不到10美元。scary skeradj.吓人的，恐怖的i found it really scary in the flat without him.我感到屋子里没有他就显得很可怕。school skuln. c学校；校舍he gave his books to the school.他把他的藏书捐赠给了学校。schoolbag skulbn. 书包mom, could you buy me a new green leather schoolbag? 妈妈，你能为我买一个新的绿色皮书包吗？science sansn. c, u科学, 自然科学；学问 he developed an interest in science. 他养成了对科学的兴趣。 短语：1.science subject 理科scientist santstn. c科学家； he is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。 scissors szzn.（pl.）剪刀he took a pair of scissors and cut her hair.他拿起一把剪刀给她剪发。【a pair of scissors一把剪刀scoop sku:p)n. c 勺，铲子one scoop of coffee and one scoop of chocolate for me.我要一勺咖啡的和一勺巧克力的。 score skn. c 得分，分数v. 记分 得分 our team won by a score of five to two.我们队以五比二赢了这场比赛。is anybody keeping the score in this game? 这场比赛有人在记分吗? keep the score记分，记录短语：1. a score-keeper score sheet 记分员，记分单 2. a score of people二十 3. score against sb 获胜 screen skrinn. c幕，荧光屏the advertisement is full of the tv screen today.今天，电视屏幕被广告占据。sea sin. u海洋；海水. the sea covers nearly three-fourths of the worlds surface.海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三。 短语：1. in the sea 在海里 2. on the sea 在海滨 3. the seven seas 七大洋 4. by sea 乘船 5. a sea of flames 一片火海search stn. c，u搜查，搜寻 v.搜查；探求 the villagers are helping to search the woods for the missing child.村民们正在帮助搜索树林寻找那个失踪的孩子。 search.for在某范围内搜索the boys went in search of something to eat.男孩子们找吃的去了。in search of寻找，寻求 短语：1.search sb/ sth for sb/sth 搜查某人，细查某处以寻找某人 2.search through sth for sth 搜索season siz()n n. 季节；活跃期 winter is the coldest season in a year，冬季是一年中最冷的季节。 短语：1. in season 在旺季。 2. out of season 不在旺季 3. the dry / rainy season 旱季seat sitn. 座位；臀部 she bought a mag and took her seat in the train.她买了份杂志.就在她火车上的座位坐下来。 take ones seat坐下.就座 second sek()ndnum. 第二adj. & 第二的；秒n.secondly sek()ndladv.第二，其次to start with we havent enough money，and secondly were too busy.一来我们的钱不够，二来我们没时间。secret sikrtn. c 秘密；奥秘； they met in secret to discuss the arrangements.他们秘密会见，商议了各种安排。in secret偷偷地，暗地里短语：1. in secret 偷偷的；暗暗的； 2. in the secret 知道秘密 3. keep a / the secret 保守秘密secretary sekrt()rn. c 秘书；干事at this moment she noticed the secretary coming in.这时她注意到书记走了进来。see si (saw, seen) v. 看见，看到；领会，明白 i often see him exercise in the park.我经常看见他在公园里锻炼。【 see后接作宾补的动词不定式省略tohe is often seen to exercise in the park.他经常被看见在公园里锻炼。【 see在被动语态中，后面所接的不定式带to 短语：1.see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.see for oneself 亲眼看，亲自去看seem simv. 似乎，好像he seems to know everything.他似乎什么都懂。 seem to do sth.似乎the young girl seems much better this morning.今天早上那个姑娘看上去好多了。 seem(+ to be)+adj.似乎it seems that no one knew what had happened.似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。 it seems/ed + that从句似乎短语：1.seem like看起来像 2.it seems that 看起来 3.sb /sth seem to do sth/ 4.sb/ sth seem to be +adj /nseldom seldmadv. 很少；不常； he was seldom late for school, was he?他上学很少迟到，不是吗?【seldom是否定副词，用于反意疑问句，附加问句中用肯定e.g. she seldom reads newspapers. 她很少读报纸。sell sel (sold, sold) v. 卖；出售 he sold me this car at the price of 420 pounds.(=he sold this car to me at the price of 420 pounds.)他以420英镑的价格把这辆车卖给了我。 sell sth. tosb.= sell sb. sth.卖给某人某物the shop sold out all its shirts.那家商店把所有的衬衣都卖光了。sell out售完，卖光send send (sent, sent) v.打发，派遣; 送，邮寄they sent for the doctor.他们派人去请医生。send for sb. /sth.派人去叫，派人去取mother sent her a big parcel of clothes and food.(=mother sent a big parcel of clothes and food to her.)妈妈给她寄了一大包衣服和吃的东西。 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.寄给某人某物 短语：1.send away 开除 2.send for请某人3.send out 用无线电发送信号，发出，派遣4.send .to . 把.发送到.5.send up 发出射出.senior sin; sinj adj. (级别或地位)较高的，高级的my brother is senior to me by two years.我哥哥比我大两岁。be senior to较.年长im going to meet some senior high school students and teachers.我要去见一些高中的学生和老师们。sense sensn.c感官；感觉everything will start to make sense.所有事都说的通了。 make sense讲得通，有意义my sense of hearing is not so good as it used to be.我的听觉不如从前了。sentence sent()nsn. c句子；法庭载决 there is a straight line under the sentence.句子下面有一条直线。短语：1.sentence . to death 判处死刑separate sep()retv. 使分离，使分离；adj. 单独的；分开的raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.生肉和熟肉必须分开存放。【 separate from区别，分开短语：1.separate. from 分开e.g. two separate problems 两个互不干涉的问题。 the two towns are separated by a river. 这两个城镇被这条河隔开了。september septembn. c, u 九月serious srsadj.严肃的，严重的，认真的if youre serious about becoming an actor, you must work hard.如果你真想当一名演员，你一定要努力工作。 be serious about认真地，真诚地对待j 短语：1.be serious about 对.很严肃 2.take sb/ sth seriously认真对待某人或某物servant sv()ntn. c 仆人；助手serve svv. 招待(顾客等)，服务we must serve the people heart and soul.我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。a large wooden box served as our table一只大木箱成了我们的桌子。 serve as充当，担任 短语：1.servesb as sth为。工作2.serve sb with sth 将。摆上桌3.serve sth out 把。分给大家service svsn. u服务；效劳 youve given a lifetime of service to athletics.你为田径运动贡献了一生。 短语：1.be of serve to sb. 有用，有帮助set (set, set) setv.设置(布景，背景);释放，安置n. c装备，设备he took the case out of her hand and set it on the floor.他从她手中拿过箱子，将它小心地放在地板上。early the next morning he set out on foot for changsha.第二天一早，他就动身步行去长沙。 setout动身，出发they set up a factory for making television sets.他们开办了一家制造电视机的工厂。 set up建立，创立，竖立 短语：1.a set of 一套 2.set up 建立（ establish）3.set off 引发，激起4.set out 出发，动身5.set down放下settle set()lv.定居 短语：1.settle down 定居，平静下来seven sev()nnum.七；七个seventeen ,sevnti:n num.十七seventhsevn9num.第七i was the seventh child in a family of 11.我在家里的11个孩子中排行老七。seventysevntinum.七十several sevrlpron.几个；数个adj.各自的，个别的.不同的several of the children were in the garden.有几个小孩在花园里。shake ek (shook, shaken) v. (使)动摇，震动do people in italy shake hands when they meet?在意大利，人们见面时握手吗？shake hands握手 短语：1.shake hands with sb. 握手 2. shake sb. by the handshall l; ()l (should) modal v. (用于将来时) 将要，会；好吗shall i telephone her and ask her to come here?我打电话让他过来，好吗？（shall用在疑问句句中，与i和we连用表示提出或征求意见）we shall be landing in paris in sixteen minutes, exactly on time.我们将于16分钟后准时在巴黎降落将要，将会（表示将来）shame emn. c,u 羞愧, 遗憾的事情；蒙羞 mary was so embarramssed. she could only hide her face in shame.玛丽感到特别难堪，她恨不得找个地缝钻进去。【in shame羞得his face burned with shame.他的脸因羞愧而发烫。【with shame羞耻地 短语：1.a shame可耻的人或事物 e.g. its a shame to take money from those who cant afford it拿别人的钱使人家无以自立是十分可耻的。 v.使某人感到羞耻 短语：1.shame sb into /out of doing sth 使某人感到惭愧而不做某事shape epn. c,u 形状，外形 v.使成型，制造.塑造your education is bound to your world view. 一个人接受的教育必定会决定其世界观的形成。the cloud was in the shape of a cock.那云成公鸡形状。 in the shape of以的形状短语：1.shape sth into sth 做成某物的形状share ev.共享；分配； childrrn should be taught to share their toys.应该教育孩子分享玩具。i was lucky not to have to share my office with another teacher.我很幸运，不必与另一位老师合用办公室。share. .with与分享或合用短语：1. have a share in 分担 2. share and share alike 事事均分 3. share sth. with sb. 与人分享某物，在某方面有共同之处。she ipron.她；妇女sheep (pl sheep) n. c 绵羊，羊；蠢人 look，there are three sheep eating grass under the tree.看!树下有三只羊在吃草。【sheep是可数名词，单复数形式一样】shelf elf（pl. shelves）n. c 架板；搁板 there were a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.靠墙的书架上有许多书。短语：1.on a nearby shelfshine elfv. 发光；照射杰出，擦亮ship pn. c 船，轮船；when will the ship pass the channel?那轮船什么时候通过这海峡?are you going out by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船外出?by ship乘船 短语：1. by ship = by seashirt tn. c 衬衣；she made a blouse out of an old shirt of her fathers. 她用父亲的一件旧衬衣做了一件女上衣。shocked ktadj. 惊愕的，受震惊的they were shocked to hear of the bad news.听说这则坏消息他们很震惊。i was shocked at the news of her death.我听到她去世的消息十分震惊。【be shocked at对感到震惊 短语：1. keep ones shirt on 不生气。e.g. keep your shirt on! nobody want to hurt you. 别发火，没人想伤害你。 2. lose ones shirt 失去一切，丢得精光。shoe un.鞋；马掌shoot ut (shot, shot)v.射击，发射the hunter aimed at the animal but did not shoot.猎人向那个动物瞄准但未开枪。shop pn.商店；购物 why dont you go shopping tomorrow?为什么你明天不去买东西呢?【go shopping去买东西 短语：1.go shopping 2.do some /the shopping 3.shopping center 购物中心，商业街4.shopping mall 商业网点short tadj.矮的；低的 i never knew who could do so much in such a short time.我从未见过有人能在这样短的时间内做这么多的工作。短语：1.be short of 短缺 2.be short for 缩写，简称shorts tsn. （pl.） 短裤，运动裤men and women wear shorts in hot weather.在天热时男人和妇女穿短裤。should d; strong form dmodal v. 应当，应该，会the plan was that the boats should land in the night.计划是船在夜里着陆。shoulder ldn. c 肩膀，衣服的肩部they are standing shoulder to shoulder.他们肩并肩并排站着。 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力地 shout atn. 喊，高声呼喊；v. 呼喊；大声说 when the boys broke his window, he shouted at them.那些男孩打破了他的窗户，他对他们大声吆喝。shout at 冲嚷(态度不友好，含有气愤的意思he shouted to me and warned me of the danger.他冲我大喊，警告我说有危险。shout to。冲嚷 (多因距离远，声小听不见，表示一般的方向意义，不含感情色彩)短语：1.shout out 喊出来 2.shout at / to sb 冲某人喊叫show (showed, shown) v.给看;出示，显示she has shown her new hat to the other girls(= she has shown the other girls her new hat.)她给其他女孩子看她的新帽子。show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.向某人展示某物短语：1. on show 在展览中 2. a show of strength 展示力量 3. have nothing to show for it 无成就可言 4. show around 带领某人参观。 5. good show! 好极了。shower an. c 阵雨；阵雨 she is taking a shower.她正在洗淋浴。 have/take a shower下阵雨，洗澡短语：1.be caught in a shower遇到阵雨 n.淋浴 ，淋浴室 短语：1.be in the shower 正在淋浴 2.get out of the shower 淋完浴 3.take / have a shower 淋浴 shut t (shut, shut) v.关上；合上 please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。 短语：1.shut up 闭嘴 2.shut sb /sth out of sth 将某人或某物关在门外 3.shut / close the door shy aadj.害羞的；胆小的she is shy about singing in public.她不好意思在大众面前唱歌。be shy about对害羞的-sick skadj. 有病的，患病的，(想)呕吐的youll be sick if you eat any more of that candy.如果你再吃那种糖果，就会感到恶心的。are you sick of my smoking here?你很讨厌我在这里吸烟吧?be sick of厌烦短语：1.sick of sb /sth / doing sth 厌倦某人或做某事 2.the sick 病人知识拓展：sickness n.疾病，呕吐 side sadn. c 边，旁边；面；侧面my house is the ninth on the side.我的房子是右边第九幢。they sat down side by side on the sand.他们并排在沙滩上坐下来。side by aid。肩并肩地一起sight satn. c, u 情景，风景，视力at first sight the house appeared to be empty.乍看起来，这房子似乎空无一人。at first sight乍一看the piece of paper fell onto the surface of the river and drifted away out of sight.这张纸掉到了河面上，漂走看不见了。out of sight看不见，在视野之外 短语：1.keep sight of sb /sth /keep sth /sb in sight看住某人某物，监视sign sann. c 标志，信号the sign means that cars cannot enter.这种标志表示汽车不能人内。silence salnsn. u无声；静寂; e.g. “just a minute” she snapped, silencing him with a look of hatred.“等一等”她厉声地说，用带着仇恨的眼神使他安静下来。we finished our meal in silence.我们静静地吃完了饭。in silence安静地，无声地 silent salntadj.无言的；沉默的would you be good enough to keep silent?请你保持安静好吗? keep silent 保持沉默 silk slkn.丝；丝绸 adj silkysilly sladj.愚蠢的；不合理的 she is a silly young girl who doesn t know her own mind.她是一个没有主见的傻姑娘。silver n.c, u 银；白银；银白色she won a silver medal in the high jump.她跳高得了银牌。similar slv相像的；类似的 短语：1.be similar to sb/ sth 和。很相似 相似点：similaritysimple smp()ladj.简单的；容易的 he write a story in simple english.他用简单的英语写了一则故事。simply smpladv.简单地；容易地since snsprep.从来；自从以后；conj. 从以来，以后；由于； adv.从那时以来;hes been working in a hank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。he came to london 3 years，and him lived here ever since.他三年前来到伦教，此后就一直住在这里。since i left college, i have not seen him.自从找从大学毕业以后.就没有见过他了.prep . eg: i havent eaten since breakfast.conj: eg: where have you been since i last saw you .adv: eg: he left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since.他两星期前离开的家，到现在我们一直没有他的饿消息。sing (sang, sung) sv.唱；歌唱 leta lung a song during the break.我们趁这空当儿唱支歌。短语：1.sing sth for/ to sb /sth 为某人而唱歌 n. 歌手singersingle sg()ladj.唯一的；单一的id like to have a single room, preferably, facing south.我想要一个单间，最好是朝南的。sir sn. 先生；长官maybe you could take a seat in the lobby, sir.或许您可以在大堂休息一下,先生.sister sstn.姐姐；妹妹i didnt know you had a sister.我当时并不知道你还有个姐姐。sit (sat, sat) v. .就座；使坐下 after standing for so long, it was a pleasure to sit down and rest.站了那么久以后坐下来休息真是件美事。sit down坐下 短语：1.sit down 坐下 2.sit out 坐在户外 3.sit up for 晚睡sitcom stkmn. c,u情景喜剧i heard that a new sitcom is coming out next season.我听说下一季会推出一个新的情景喜剧。situation stje()nn. c 形势，情况 it is interesting to compare their situation with ours.把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。短语：1.get into /out of a situation six sksnum.六；六个sixty skstnum.六十；六十个size sazn.大小；尺寸； 短语：1. size up 估计，估量，判断；e.g.we sized each other up at our first meeting. 我们初次见面时互相打量了一番。 2. for size 试尺寸，看是否合适，按不同尺码。 3. of a size 大小一样的；尺码相同的。 skate sketv滑冰；溜冰it is cold enough for us to go skating.天气够冷的，可以滑冰了。(go skating去滑冰，去溜冰 skill skln. c,u 技能；技艺，技巧you must learn before you can get any skill or knowledge.在掌握技能或知识之前你一定要先学习。短语：1.reading skills 阅读技巧 2.writing skills 写作技巧skirt sktn.女裙；围裙sky skan. 天；天空the sun is high in the sky.已经日上三竿。sleep slipn. 睡眠；睡觉；v. 睡觉ive not been able to sleep for the last few nights.前几个晚上，我一直都无法人睡。i went to sleep earlier last night.昨晚我比平时睡得早。 go to sleep上床，就寝短语：1.go to sleep上床睡觉 2.fall/ be asleep 熟睡sleepy slipadj. 睡着的；熟睡的im too sleepy to watch the end of the show.我太困倦了，不能把戏看完。slide sladn.滑落；滑动slow sladj. & adv. 慢的；迟缓的; he caught the slow train to birmingham.他赶上去伯明翰的慢车。 短语：1. show up / down 松弛下来；e.g.solw down a bit, or youll make youself ill. 别那么卖力，不然你要累出病来。 2. slow but sure 虽然漫但最后一定胜利。 small smladv. 小的；幼小的；this coat is too small for me.这件上衣对我来说太小了。smart smtadj.灵巧的，伶俐的;时髦的，帅的they were prevented from stealing the car by a smart policeman。一名机警的警察使他们盗车未遂。知识拓展：同义词: bright, cleversmell smel v. 嗅，闻到 发气味 n. c, u气味the flowers smell sweet.花朵散发芳香。the fire was out，but even so,