初中英语教学论文 影响英语阅读理解的几种因素及解决对策.doc

影响英语阅读理解的几种因素及解决对策高考英语的阅读理解从以前的四篇增加到现在的五篇分值从30分增到40分，这便说明了阅读理解的重要性。从近几年高考的试题看来，试卷结构稳定，单词量保持在2600个左右。在高考中，要取得较好的成绩，阅读理解起了很大的作用，也是拉开分数距离的重要部分。笔者在教学中把学生碰到的问题进行分析、探讨，总结出影响阅读理解的几种因素及提出解决问题的对策。一巧妙干扰，意图模糊。在英语考试中，相当部分问题的答案是要考生在文章中找细节的，而题目的设计者当然有意把这些细节隐蔽起来或者用选择项进行前后干扰，使考生对作者的写作意图模糊起来。这主要是考查考生是否有较强的辨认细节和理解事实的能力。解决这类问题主要是在平时的考试和训练中，老师要有意识的分析考题的规律，搞清楚正确选项与干扰选项之间的关系，以便克服干扰，理通解题思路。另一方面，一定要明白题目设问的含义，理解作者的写作意图，再细心阅读文段，分析句与句之间的关系，排除各项干扰，选准答案。在我的教学中，经常碰到这样的情况，有些平时成绩不错的学生在做阅读理解时觉得文章难度不大，读得懂，但正确率并不高。究其原因，是因为有的阅读理解，尤其是高水平考试的阅读理解试题的干扰项的编制水平非常高，也就是出题者的设计太巧妙了。因为出题者深知，干扰项只有与文章的内容有密切的联系才能发挥干扰的作用。他们所设计的干扰项往往与原文某几个词、语句、或者语言结构上十分接近。有些干扰项似乎合情合理，从意义上一时难以区分。在这些情况下，学生就很容易陷入出题者所设计的圈套。尽管出题者所设计的干扰很巧妙，只要老师指导学生学会分析、研究问题，把握其命题规律、理通解题思路，也可以提高解题的正确率。例如：when he took office, george. bush,son of former president george herbert walker bush, became the first son to follow his father into the white house since john quincy adams followed john adams in the early 19th century.问题：what does the writer intend to tell us in the text?a. george w. bush is the first son in american history to follow his father into the white house.b. george w. bush is the first son of former president george herbert walker bush.c. john quincy adams and his father were both former american presidents.d. george w. bush is the second one in the american history to follow his father into the white house.很多考生选a，是因为搞不明john quincy adams与john adams的关系。其实是父子关系。a项有较强的干扰作用。有的考生选b，b答案的陈述是对的，但不符合正解题干的含义。“intend to tell us”意为“想告诉我们/有意告诉我们”。也有选c的,c答案的陈述是对的,但与设问无关。正确答案为d。从这段文章中可以看出作者的意图是：除了john quincy adams继其父john adams进入白宫就职之外，还有george w. bush继其父george herbert walker bush进入白宫就职。那么，george w. bush便是第二位继其父进入白宫就任总统的人了。从上面的例子可知，要做好阅读理解，不但要完全明白题干的含义；而且排除选项的各种干扰。二巧用语法，有意设陷。在考试中，出题者有意用一些较长的句子，尤其是带有定语从句、宾语从句、分词短语、独立主格结构、倒装句等的句子来设计障碍，使考生容易进入陷阱，产生错误理解。而问题的答案往往就落在长句中。这种设陷意在考查学生对句子的分析能力与理解句子结构的能力。解决这种问题的对策是明确理解带有定语从句、宾语从句、分词短语、独立主格结构等的句子，找出句子的主、谓、宾语，使句意明朗，然后再分析附加成份。例如：china will open its b-share market formerly reserved for overseas investors to domestic residents, the china security regulatory commission(csrc)announced monday. (from china daily)问题：according to the passage, we know that b-share market was opened only to_.a.overseas investors b.domestic residentsc.botha and b d.neither a nor b很多同学选b或c，其实都没有正确理解“formerly reserved for overseas investors”这个短语。.这个过去分词短语作定语修饰market。全句意为：以前只为海外投资者保留的市场，现在对国内居民开放。这就说明以前的市场不向国内开放，只向国外开放。故选a。三、词汇缺乏，阅读受阻词汇缺乏有几方面的原因。一方面是原来学过的词汇记得不牢，一方面是词汇积累不够，另一方面是真的碰到没学过的词汇。无论那一方面存在欠缺，在阅读时要学会猜词。最简单的方法是猜词时把选择项的四个词汇逐个代入原句的“猜词”中，看哪一个词最为合理，最合理的那个便是要猜的词。例如。a newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands in the birds body and prepares it for migration. this theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the same time.the phrase “account for ” most probably means .a. indicate b. explain c. prove d. provide只要把a、b、c、d分别代入“account for”的位置便知道，a“表明”、b“解释”、c“证明”、d“提供”。只有b合理。全句意为：这种理论可以解释这种事实；并非所有的鸟都在同一时间里迁移。又如：if the person did well in his or her drivers education class, he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a drivers license.what does the underlined phrase “with flying colors” most probably mean?a.honourably b.proudly c.successfully d.come out top答案为c.全句意为:如果他或者她在司机培训中表现出息,他或者她就成功通过考试并取得司机驾照.又如：ninety-four percent of men wish to change their image. a study found that a mans self-esteem is often directly connected with his outward appearance.what does the underlined phrase most probably mean?a.事业心 b.自私 c.自尊心 d.自我调控答案：c.（意为：百分之90的男人希望改变自己的形象。研究发现男人的自尊心往往与他的外表有直接联系）四阅读量大，心中恐慌大多数学生在阅读文段时，一看到很长的文章就恐慌了。其实越长的文章越好读，答案越易找。虽然文章长，但文章的难句不多，读起来流畅、易懂。解决这种问题主要是从自己的心理入手，克服心理恐慌因素，要做到仔细观察问题，然后带着问题去找答案，找答案时要浏览全文，阅读速度要快，不必细读全文。一般来说，这一类文章较长或者较散，而答案往往就在开头、结尾或者中间的句子上。例如：during the four china beijing high-tech industies week,exhibitions,frature presentation,teahnological exchange and trade talks, and other events are organized. exhibition:.china international exhition center*section for chinas key science and technology achievements of the ninth five-year plan(1996 -2000)*environmental protection and energy section.*section for exhibition from other provinces and municipalities and regions of china.china world trade center*exchange and trade fair for science and technology books and sports information media.*the trade fair for modern intelligent houses and beijing urban real estate.china millenium monument*forum and exhibition of foreign scitech universities.china agricultural culture center*high-tech construction products exhibition.feature presentation:.science and education*scientists forum on the new century.hightech industry*forum on environmental protection*2001 forum on biotechnology on traditional chinese medicine and natural medicne.techincal exchanges and trade talks:.trade talk on financial capital transformation.sinoitalian forum and trade fair for the development of it and communications technolgy.问题：these sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of_.a. sports technology, filmindustry and environmental protectionb. network technolgy, hightech industries and trafficc. electronic communcations, energy and educationd. medicine, weather broadcast and finance一看