北京四中高考英语国庆作业 短文改错、阅读理解（5）(1).doc

北京四中2015高考英语短文改错、阅读理解国庆作业（5）及答案短文改错at first i was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match. usually i just 1. _checked the results because i thought that was dull 2. _to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each 3. _other. therefore, my father loves football. during the 4. _world cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 5. _his favorite sport. seeing his strong interest in this 6. _game of 22 men run after a ball, i decided to sit down 7. _to watch the game. i found the game excited, and my 8. _dad explained for the rules. we shared our joy. football 9. _is not too badly as long as i watch it with my dad!10. _答案及解析1. watched改为watch。“and”连接两个并列的不定式“to sit down”和“(to)watch”， 所以要用动词原形。 2. that改为it。it作形式主语， “that”不行。3. each之前添加to。“把球互相踢来踢去”， 要在“kick a ball”后加上介词to。4. therefore改为however。由上下文可知“therefore(因此)”与句义不符， 应改为 “however(然而)”。5. stays改为stayed。考查时态一致， 时间状语“in 2002”， 应用一般过去时。6. 此行无错误。7. run改为running。running为现在分词作定语， 修饰“22 men”， 相当于定语从句“who run”。8. excited改为exciting。要用“exciting”修饰“the game”， 表示“令人兴奋的”， “excited”用来修饰人。9. 删除for。“explain”是及物动词， 直接跟宾语， 无须加介词。10. badly改为bad。be动词后用形容词作表语， 不能用副词。【由北京市丰台区2014高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? if so, you probably noted the v-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. why do birds fly this way? many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds. one theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. the birds know that flying in a v-shaped pattern will save energy. like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. this decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. when the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position. but saving energy is important for more than one reason. sometimes food is short during migration flights. keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals. when food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. when a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. then, this bird becomes the new leader. it helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. this formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food. scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌） is spotted. the predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. the birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack. the birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. as transportation expert henry ford once said, “if everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” when it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!1. according to the passage, we can learn that birds _. a. move faster than cyclists b. prefer to fly in a v formationc. are smarter than other animalsd. play different roles in a formation 2. when food is sighted, _.a. the group follows the discoverer b. the lead bird decides what to doc. the discoverer leaves the group d. the whole group forms a stream3. to protect themselves from attack, birds will _ .a. break into groupsb. come close together c. change directionsd. fly up and down4. which is the best title for the passage?a. a birds-eye view of teamwork.b. success takes care of itself. c. the strongest will survive.d. a science behind flying.【参考答案】14、dab a阅读理解。 in a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. people now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. that means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. in other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. according to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. china, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. it is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. in addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. in recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. first, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.the major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. that is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.( ) 1. the traditional business model is harmful because of all the following except that _. a. it makes the world warmer b. it consumes natural resources c. it brings severe damage to forests d. it makes growth hard to continue( ) 2. what can we infer from paragraph 2? a. china lacks wind and solar energy. b. china is the leader of the low-carbon market. c. high-speed trains are a low-carbon development. d. palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.( ) 3. to full develop the low-carbon markets, government can _. a. cut public expenses b. forbid carbon emission c. develop public resources d. encourage energy conservation( ) 4. we can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _. a. develop sustainable products b. explore new natural resources c. make full use of natural resources d. deal with the major challenge( ) 5. what is the main purpose of the passage? a. to introduce a new business model. b. to compare two business models. c. to predict a change of the global market. d. to advocate sustainable development.这是一篇说明文，提倡低碳生活。41. 答案：b解析：细节理解题，根据第一段的“actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm”“ must be able to develop in sustainable ways”可以排除a、c、d选项。42. 答案：b解析：推理判断题，根据第二段“china, for example, has set its mind on leading that market”可以得出答案。3. d 细节理解题，根据第三段“targets for saving and reusing energy.”可以得出答案。“energy conservation”意为节约能源。4. a 细节理解题，根据“but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可以得出答案。5. d主旨大意题，根据全文，不难看出文章提倡的是低碳生活。阅读理解-athe young man arrived on the massachusetts beach early carrying a radio, a shovel, and a strange set of tools: a brick layers trowel, a palette knife, spatulas, spoons, and a spray bottle.he walked down near the waterthe tide was output down the radio and tuned it to soft rock. then he shoveled wet sand into a pile nearly four feet high and as many feet across. then he created a rectangular（长方形的）shape.after that, he set to work with palette knife, spatulas, and spoons. he shaped a graceful tower, topped walls, fashioned beautiful bay windows, and carved out big front gate.the man knew his sand. he smoothly finished some surfaces and embroidered（雕刻）artistic designs on others. as the shapes began to dry, he gently kept them slightly wet with water from the spray bottle, in case they might break in the wind.all this took hours. people gathered. at last he stood back, obviously satisfied with a castle worthy of the austrian countryside or disneyland.then he gathered his tools and radio and moved them up to drier sand. he had known for a while what many in the rapt（全神贯注的） crowd still overlooked: the tide was coming in. not only had he practiced his art with confidence and style, he had done so against a powerful, immutable（不可抗拒的）deadline.as the crowd looked on, water began to lap at the base of the castle. in minutes it was surrounded. then the rising flood began to eat into the base, walls fell, the tower fell, and finally the gates arch fell. more minutes passed, and small waves erased bay windows and battlementssoon no more than a small part was left.many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fears and discouragement. but the sculptor（雕塑家） remained calm. he had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on.1. in this selection, why did the sculptor start early in the day?a. he knew the tide was out on this particular morning.b. it gave time for the crowd to gather.c. he needed the sun to help dry the sand.d. it was easier to begin with only a few people around. 答案解析：答案为a。本题为推理题。文章的开头提到年轻男子一大早带着他的工具来到了沙滩，由第二段的首句 “the tide was out.” 可知潮水已消退, 他进行后面的工作都是在此前提下进行。故答案为a。2. which of the following best shows that the sculptor was an expert?a. he attracted a large crowd. b. he created beautiful details.c. he was able to finish his work. d. he showed satisfaction on his face.答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节推理题。文章的前四段都是在描述年轻男子进行雕塑工作的全过程，选择地点，时间和对工作细致认真，从第三段的 “graceful”、 “ fashioned beautiful” 和第四段的 “smoothly finished”、 “gently kept” 等词都可以看出他的技术熟练。 故答案为b，雕塑家创造的美丽细节证明了他是个专家。3. in this selection, what does the incoming tide signal?a. it is time to begin working. b. it is the busiest time of the day.c. it is the end of a days work. d. it is time for lookers-on to leave.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。第六段的第二句话 “the tide was coming in”是设题点，本句后面的 “he had done so against a powerful, immutable（不可抗拒的）deadline.” 其中，deadline告诉我们到来的潮水就是雕塑工作的最后期限，故答案为c。4. how did the lookers-on react when the tide began to come in?a. they tried to save the sand castle. b. they were disappointed to see the art ruined.c. they were nervous about their own belongings. d. they helped the artist finish the castle.答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。从最后一段首句 “many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fears and discouragement.” 可知, 故答案为b。5. the reader can tell that the sculptors reward for his work is .a. payment for his work b. attention from the crowdc. fame as an artistd. personal satisfaction答案解析：答案为d。本题为推理题。从最后一段 “but the sculptor（雕塑家） remained calm. he had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on.” 可知，雕塑家对于被潮水毁掉的作品非常镇定，这一天他完成了一件美丽的作品，对于他个人来说，心灵获得了满足。故答案为d。 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。for many of us, aspirin, one of the most common nonprescription drugs, is a constant companion. it is the most effective drug that we have, and if we eliminated all but three drugs, aspirin would definitely be one of the three drugs we should keep. even with all the new drugs available, it still has a place in many of our medicine cabinets, as a “miracle drug” in its ability to fight pain and inflammation (炎症) and even more amazing in its ability to reduce heart attack and stroke risk. aspirin is the first member of a class of substances called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids非甾体抗炎药). these drugs reduce pain, fever and inflammation, and are used to treat a variety of conditions. many believe that aspirin has many benefits not yet fully understood. media reports on the use of aspirin to prevent or treat diseases such as heart attacks and cancer leave many people struggling to keep all the facts straight. others who cannot tolerate aspirin might feel a bit left out as new uses and benefits of aspirin continue to appear in the news. in all cases, more researches are needed to determine what benefits aspirin may provide