高考英语 情态动词高频考点精讲.doc

情态动词高频考点精讲 什么是情态动词？表示说话人语气和情态，虽有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形，情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词的各种形式列表如下：肯定式否定式简略否定式maymightmay notmight notmayntmightntcancouldcan not, cannotcould notcantcouldntwill, llwould, dwill not, ll notwould not, d notwontwouldntshallshouldshall notshould notshantshouldntmustmust notmustntneedneed notneedntdaredare notdarentused toused not todidnt use(d)tousednt toought toought not tooughtnt to1.情态动词的基本用法 (1)can be able to 和 could can 和 be able to 都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can 只有现在和过去时，而be able to 则有更多形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to 来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to, 表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如： can you use chopsticks? 你会用筷子吗？ the wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.伤员还能到那个村庄，最后获救了。 can和could can和could 都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用 can.。如：一could you help me carry the bag? 一yes, i can. (no, im afraid not.) can i help you ? / what can i do for you ? may /might may /might表示可能，但 may 比might 可能性大 。如：why isnt he in class?he may be sick. （生病的可能性较大）he might be sick. ( 生病的可能性较小) may / might 表示“允许”，may 用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表示过去时，但might也可用于现在时，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may.如：he said, “you may leave.” he said that we might leave. may / might 表示建议或请求，但 might 比 may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。may / might i use your bike? yes，you can / may.(no, you mustnt.)(3 ) must must 表示必须。应该，没有时态变化，如： you must do everything as i do.你做每一件事必须按照我做的方式做。注意：must 开头的一般疑问句否定的回答应用neednt。-must he come in now? -no, he neednt. 当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句的谓语用mustnt。例如： we must go soon, mustnt we? 我们很快就得走，对吗？ 当must 表示“必要”时，反以疑问句的谓语用neednt。 例如： the nurse must take care of the children, neednt she? 保姆有必要照料孩子，不是吗？ 当mustnt 表示“禁止”时，反以疑问句的谓语用 must。例如： you mustnt park your car here, must you? 这里禁止停车，对吗？ must 表示肯定的推测。如：the light is still on, so he must be at home. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如：you mustnt smoke in the office.have to have to 表示“必须不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事 “必须”做。have to 的否定形式表示不必。have to 可用于多种时态中。 如:you will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.i have to be at my office every evening.(5) should / ought to should 和 ought to 表示“应当，应该”。前者比后者语气轻。 如： you should /ought to work hard. should / ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:children shouldnt smoke. should 可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to 可表示劝告之意。如：you ought to respect your parents.你应该尊敬父母。he suggested that we should leave at once.他建议我们马上离开。(6) will / would will 用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”或“决心”等。否定式won t 。如：i will tell you all about it. / tom wont do such a thing. will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出 “请求”或“询问”如：will you please tell her the news when you see her? will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”“惯于”的含义。如：fish will die out of water. would 表示客气的请求 建议或意愿。如：would you please be quiet? would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：when i passed my school i would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.(7) need need 作“必要”讲 ，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。need用作情态动词只用在否定句和疑问句；作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to 。其变化与一般动词相同 。如： i need to think it over. need you go now? yes, i must. / no, i neednt / no, i dont have to .(8) dare dare 表示“敢”的意思。 作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to 的不定式，此时to 也可以省略。dared 与 need 的用法相似。如： how dare you say that? 你怎么敢说那话？she doesnt dare (to) ask her father.她不敢问爸爸。(9) used to used to 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：he used to smoke.他过去常常吸烟。there used to be a theater here.这里过有一个剧院。(10) shall 在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一 第三人称。如：where shall he wait for us? 你要他在哪里等我们？shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？ shall 作为情态动词用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“ 警告、威胁、强制” 和 “允许” 等意思，如：you shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)he shall have the book when i finish reading.（允诺）he shall be punished if he dare not do that.（威胁）2. 情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmust + 动词原形must have done肯定句may/mightmay/might +动词原形may/might have done肯定句/否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句（could可用于肯定句）should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计” should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句如：it must have rained last night. she may not be at home.= it is possible that she is not at home. she cant be at home. = it is impossible that she is at home.they should be there right now.注意：情态动词表示“推测”时，其反意疑问句部分的时态与实际情况保持一致。例如：mr. cheng must have come here just now, didnt he? 程老师刚才一定来过这里，是吗？he must have been to america, hasnt he? 他一定去过美国，是吗？he is a little boy. he cant be a teacher, is he? 他是个小孩。他不可能是老师，是吗？3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法：情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下： should have done 表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done 则表示 “本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如： you should have told me about it earlier.关于这件事你应该早告诉我。you shouldnt have said such words to your parents.你不应该对父母说这样的话。(2)ought to have done 也表示 “ 本应该” 而ought not to have done 则意为“本不应该”。如：you ought to have told me about it earlier.关于这件事你应该早告诉我。you ought not to have said such words to your parents.你不应该对父母说这样的话。（3）neednt have done 表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：you neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.既然时间富裕你本不必这样匆忙。（4）could have done 表示“本来可能而事实上未做到 ”。如：i could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. 我本可能按时来，但路上我的车坏了。（5）had better do sth.最好做某事, would rather do sth.宁愿做某事, may/might/could do sth. as well最好做某事youd better go and see the doctor.你最好去看医生。youd better not go out at night.你最好晚上不要外出。id rather stay at home than go out.我宁愿呆在家了也不外出。you may study english as well. 你最好学习英语。单项填空 i. 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. you _ return the book now .you can keep it till next week if you like.a . cant b . mustnt c . neednt d . may not 2. where is my pen ? i_ it .a . might lose b . would have lost c . should have lost d . must have lost 3. we _ have proved great adventurers .but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.a . neednt b . may not c . shouldnt d . mustnt 4. i didnt hear the phone. i_ asleep.a . must be b . must have been c . should be d . should have been 5.he _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. a. wouldntb. shouldntc. couldntd. mustnt6.when i was a child, i _ watch tv whenever i wanted to.a. shouldb. couldc. mustd. need7.my mom suggests that we eat out for a change at the weekend.a. should b. might c. could d. would8.since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.a. can b. must c. would d. need9. a computer _think for itself .it must be told what to do .a . cant b . couldnt c . may not d . might not 10. jenny _ have kept her word .i wonder why she changed her mind .a . must b . should c . need would 11. we _last night but we went to the concert instead .a . must have studied b . might study c . should have studied d . would study 12. could i borrow your dictionary? yes , of course you _.a . might b . will c . can d. should 13. tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm .a . have told b . tell c . be telling d . having told 14. harry is feeling uncomfortable. he _too much at the party last night.a. could drink b. should drink c. would have drunk d. must have drunk15peter_ come with us tonight，but he isnt very sure yetamust bmay ccan dwill16.you neednt take an umbrella. it isnt going to rain.well, i dont know. it do.a. mightb. needc. wouldd. should17. no one be more generous, he has a heart of gold.a. could b. must c. dare d. need18. shall l tell john about it? noyou _. ive told him already aneednt bwouldnt cmustnt dshouldnt19when a pencils partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it_ abreaks bhas broken cwere broken dhad been broken201ts nearly seven oclockjack_ be here at any moment amust bneed cshould d. can21一there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well一it_ a comfortable journey acant be bshouldnt be cmustnt have been dcouldnt have been22johnny，you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself a. wont；cant bmustnt ；may cshouldnt； must dcant；shouldnt23the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out a. had to bwould ccould dwas able to24一when can i come for the photos? i need them tomorrow afternoon 一they_ be ready by 12：00 acan bshould cmight dneed25一l stayed at a hotel while in new york 一oh. did you? you _ with barbara acould have stayed bcould stay cwould stay dmust have stayed26一will you stay for lunch? sorry _. my brother is coming to see me ai mustnt bi cant ci neednt di wont27一are you coming to jeffs party? 一lm not surei _ go to the concert instead amust bwould cshould d. might28一write to me when you get home 一 _ ai must b. i should ci will di can291 was really anxious about you. you _home without a word.a. mustnt leave bshouldnt have left ccouldnt have left dneednt leave30一ls john coming by train. 一he should，but he _ nothe likes driving his car amust bcan cneed dmay31he asked me for this book many timesplease tell him that he_ have it tomorrowamust bmay cshall dboth b and c32“your phone number again? i _ quite catch it”“its 9568442.” adidnt bcouldnt cdont dcant33mother_ us stories when we were children awas used to tell bis used to telling cused to tell dused to telling34. she would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes acostnot bto spa redont cpaythan dspendthan35i missed the last bus, so i _ go home on foot amust bhave to chad to dmay36he ought to win the first prize，_ he? aoughtnt bshouldnt cmustnt dboth a and b37everyone _ do his best for the modernizations of our country acan b. may cshould dmight38一may i smoke here? 一lf you _，choose a seat in the smoking section a. should bcould cmay dmust1-5cdbbc 6-10babb 11-15ccadb 16-20aaacc 21-25dbdba 26-30bdcbd 31-35dacdc 36-38dddii.单项填空（共50题，每题2分；满分100分）从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. -must we do it now? -no，you _ . a. wont b. neednt c. cant d. dont 2. he said he would rather not _ it right now. a. doing b. to do c. do d. to be going 3. you _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. a. neednt to come b. dont need come c. dont need coming d. neednt come 4. -may i pick a flower in the garden? - _ . a. no，you neednt b. not，please c. no，you mustnt d. no，you wont 5. youd better _ late next time. a. dont b. not be c. not being d. wont be6. there was plenty of time. she _ . a. mustnt have hurried b. couldnt have hurried c. must not hurry d. neednt have hurried 7. the plant is dead. i _ it more water. a. will give b. would have given c. must give d. should have given 8. what _ i do for you，madam? a. shall b. can c. may d. will 9. you _ walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. a. must b. need c. may d. should 10. our teachers are at work. you _ make so much noise. a. wont b. mustnt c. may not d. neednt 11. dont be worried. the news _ be true.a. may not b. mustnt c. can d. must 12. -need i start from the beginning? -yes，you _. a. need b. do c. can d. must 13. -look，it _ be lao wang. -no，it _ be him. he has gone abroad. a. may; mustnt b. must; may c. must; cant d. can; may not 14. -dare you go home at night? - _ .a. yes，i do b. no，i darent c. no，i dont d. yes，i dare to 15. there used to be a church in the west of the town，_ ？a. didnt there b. usent to there c. used there d. usednt to there 16. he _ his parents about his failure in the exam.a. dares not tell b. dares not telling c. dare not tell d. dares not to tell 17. jim _ his strict father，for he has failed in the examination once again.a. didnt dare to see b. not dare see c. didnt dared to see d. dare not to see 18. you _ do it even if you dont want to.a. cant b. mustnt c. have to d. neednt 19. she _ to the cinema，for i saw her just now. a. mustnt have gone b. may not go c. cant have gone d. neednt go 20. you are wet through. you _ in the rain. a. must come b. must have caught c. may catch d. must have got caught 21. she _ have stopped her work halfway. a. ought to not b. ought not to c. not ought to d. does not ought to 22. a left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a shot time, especially at a railway station.a. should b. can c. must d. will23. -isnt that li fangs husband over there? -no, it _ be him. im sure he doesnt wear glasses. a. cant b. must not c. wont d. may not24. sorry im late. i _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. a. might b. should c. can d. will25. i wonder how he _ that to your teacher. a. dare to say b. dare saying c. not dare say d. dared say26. -write to me when you get home.- _. a. i must b. i should c. i will d. i can27. -i hear youve got a set of valuable australian coins. _ i have a look?-yes, certainly. a. do b. may c. shall d. should28. -i heard that he went skiing in the mountains last winter.-it _ true because there was little snow there.a. may not be b. wont be c. couldnt be d. mustnt be29. -the hotel is so dirty. _ we clean it? -of course. a. will b. shall c. would d. do30. - i didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning.-she _ at the meeting.a. mustnt have spoken b. shouldnt have spokenc. neednt have spoken d. couldnt have spoken31. one ought _ for what one hasnt done.a. not to be punished b. to not be punishedc. to not punished d. not be punished32. children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television.a. used to read; enjoying b. used to read; enjoyedc. were used to