高级英语第二册课后答案.doc

张汉熙版高级英语第二册 lesson 1 课后练习答案习题全解 I. Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegass economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia ) . 以下内容需要回复才能看到1. He didn t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave. 4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important. .1. We re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.See the translation of the text.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end e by;(American English) pay a visit 4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。etc。)quickly by pouring water over it6.kill：(American English)to cause(an engine-etc)to stop 7swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip 0r track 0f any kind 8bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet91eanto：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roofthe upper end of which rests against the wall of another building 1 0Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the USNavy，that build harbor facilities，airfields，etcSeabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion1destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。 demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建 筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面 意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重 损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate ones opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。2。decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。)molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away(老房子渐渐腐烂了。)disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water call be decompose(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。 .1. television = tele + vision, a combining form tele- plus a noun vision. Further examples, telegram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telecommunication, telecast, etc. 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. -ward is a suffix meaning “in a (specific) direction or course. Further examples :eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc. 3. motel = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by combining parts of other words. Further examples: smog = smoke + fog. smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop = triumph, etc. 4. bathtub=bath + tub, a compound word formed by combining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bathroom. bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, foot ball. housekeeper, etc. 5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix -ee designating a person in specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee. 张汉熙版高级英语第二册 lesson 2 课后练习答案 . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco. Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert. . 以下内容需要回复才能看到1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood. 2. See paragraphs 1 and 2. 3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags. 4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech-overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic. 5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred. 6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. Its only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded. 7. See paragraph 18. 8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden. 9, Every white man thought. How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. 2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings. 3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings. 4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the peoples poverty and suffering. The central theme-all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact-gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay. 5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an evil thing. 6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact, the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V. would not be interesting) 10life is very hard for ninety percent of the peopleWith hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil 11She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal 12People with brown skins are almost invisible 13The Senegales soldiers were wearing readymade khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful wellbuilt bodies 14How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。 15Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white NCOsmarching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.See the translation of the text.1chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice 2navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc 3Stow：put or hide away in a safe place 4warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape 5self-contained：selfsufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary 6wretched：poor in quality，very inferior 7mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy 8reachmedown：(British colloquialism)secondhand or readymade clothing 9 charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradecry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流 泪。weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿 地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。 2mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状，具体表现为喜怒无常，时哭时笑，行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱(如酒醉发烧时)，具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语，指狂暴不能自制。 hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱，表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、 耳聋等。用于引申义时，mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度，成为癖好，如a mania for drinking(嗜酒)；delirium 指极度兴奋，如a delirium of joy(狂喜)；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发，如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria(她又是笑又是哭，感情难以控制。)。 3flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反 射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。1buryingground(verbal noun in ing + noun)：drinking cup， hiding place，diving board，waiting room，freezing point， carving knife，writing desk，typing paper，swimming suit 2gravestone(noun +noun)：oilwell，silkworm，shirt sleeves，girlfriend，gaslight，bloodstain，frogman，win dowpane 3midair(adjective +noun)：halfbrother，blackmarket， halfpay。darkroom，madman，doubletalk，hothouse， handy man 4overcrowding(adverb +verbal noun ining)：dry-cleaning，overeating，oversleeping，deepfreezing， underpricing， underrating，downgrading，updating 5ninetenths(adjfrom a cardinal number +noun，from an44ordinal number) : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninthIX. 1. thread as in The little crowd of mourners.threaded their way across the market , indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could hardly pass through. 2. rise, sweat, starve, and sink as in They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard-, giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life. 3. sidle as in An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us, showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully. 4. grope as in Even a blind man . heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand, presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette. 5. mummify as in All of them are mummified with age and the sun -, a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.6. hobble as in the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood , indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying. 7. tip as in its master tips it into the ditch , showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which has served him devotedly. 8. stow as in I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags, designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island. 2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved. 5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened. 6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with littl