高考英语复习 阅读填空牛津译林版.ppt

welcometoourschool 探究高考题型 阅读填空专项训练 要求考生根据所给短文的内容在每小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语 每空不超过三个单词 本节要求考生理解所给短文的主旨大意和关键细节 把握文章的篇章结构和逻辑关系 完成对所给短文进行转述和摘要 主要考查考生获取信息和处理信息以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力 考纲解读 文章 表格 简单明了准确 抓住文章的框架及每段大意 理解文章内容正确获取信息 分析表格结构和内容准确定位填空的要求 以时间地点因果对比性设题 直接信息题 查读 组织信息题 转换信息正确表述 综合信息题 归纳概括 题型特点的分布 2010 湖南 anapprenticeshipisaformofon the jobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning itcanlastanywherefromonetosixyears butfouryearsistypicalformost anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman someonewhohasdonethejobformanyyears therestoftheapprentice stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires beinganapprenticeisafull timeundertaking therestoftheapprentice stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires beinganapprenticeisafull timeundertaking oneoftheadvantagesofapprenticeshipisthatitdoesnotcostapprenticesanything thecompaniesthathirethempayforschool what smore itoffersapprenticesan earnwhileyoulearn opportunity theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies neartheendoftheapprenticeship theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive apprenticeshipalsopaysoffforemployers itcanofferemployersapoolofwell trainedworkerstodrawfrom despitetheadvantages apprenticesareusuallyrequiredtoworkduringthedayandattendclassesatnight whichleaveslittletimeforanythingelse sometimes theymightbelaidoff 下岗 ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain somejourneymencontinueemploymentwiththecompaniestheyapprenticedwith othersgoontodifferentcompaniesorbecomeself employedcontractors 2010 湖南 anapprenticeshipisaformofon the jobtrainingthatcombinesworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning itcanlastanywherefromonetosixyears butfouryearsistypicalformost anapprenticespendsthemajorityofthetimeinaworkplaceenvironmentlearningthepracticalskillsofacareerfromajourneyman someonewhohasdonethejobformanyyears therestoftheapprentice stimeisspentinaclassroomenvironmentlearningthetheoreticalskillsthecareerrequires beinganapprenticeisafull timeundertaking oneoftheadvantagesofapprenticeshipisthatitdoesnotcostapprenticesanything thecompaniesthathirethempayforschool what smore itoffersapprenticesan earnwhileyoulearn opportunity theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies neartheendoftheapprenticeship theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive apprenticeshipalsopaysoffforemployers itcanofferemployersapoolofwell trainedworkerstodrawfrom despitetheadvantages apprenticesareusuallyrequiredtoworkduringthedayandattendclassesatnight whichleaveslittletimeforanythingelse sometimes theymightbelaidoff 下岗 ifbusinessfortheemployersisslow oncetheyhavecompletedtheapprenticeshipandbecomejourneymen theyreceiveanationallyrecognizedandportablecertificationandtheirpayalsoincreasesagain somejourneymencontinueemploymentwiththecompaniestheyapprenticedwith othersgoontodifferentcompaniesorbecomeself employedcontractors 题型特点的变化 4 4 1 1 探究点归纳概括题 一 归纳概括题的种类1 标题归纳题 根据 文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置 文章首段 一段末二段首转折后信息 文章末段 的特点 可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句 再加以准确概括 确定语篇标题 此外 常用于概括文章标题的词有 development history introduction study research experiment information future 注意 阅读填空题的标题表达常以 动 名词词组形式为主 2 段落归纳题 段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏 能最大限度覆盖相应行 列或单元格的全部信息 常为名词 名词词组或动 名 词词组 例如下列短文设表格如下 herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen whyandwhattodo taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities beawareofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety beresponsibleforyourownlearning thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers suggestions generalization 时间类 dynasties time period when 二 归纳概括词的判断与选用1 常见的归纳概括词 地点类 places generalization location area region where 特点类 character feature personality characteristics generalization 原因类 reason cause why source root generalization 目的类 purpose aim goal target intention generalization 结果类 effect ending result consequence outcome generalization 方法类 measure method means suggestion way solution generalization advice 观点类 view opinion summary conclusion attitude point generalization 比较类 similarity contrast difference comparison generalization 种类类 variety type classification species category kind generalization 2 判定归纳概括词的方法 1 根据段落主题句的关键词判定概括词 段落主题句多在段首 其次在段尾 偶在段中 因此在读文章时要尤其注意段首尾 宜及时标注主题句 找到主题句后 要善于根据上下文的逻辑关系确认关键词 例如上述例句中 找到主题句后 要能判断suggestions为主题句的关键词 值得注意的是 有时所填写的概括词不能照抄主题句中的关键词 而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性 甚至是另换一词 例如 volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer forexample volunteeringoffersyouchancetodevelopability skillandpersonalstrengths aspartofavolunteergroup yougetfirst handexposuretouseandlearncommunicationandteamworkdynamics benefits uses advantages 根据句中的关键词 required 判断该空填requirements 即将原来的动词过去分词形式改为了名词复数形式 volunteeringisrequiredtopromotehumanrightsandequality andrespectedtherights dignity 尊严 andcultureofothersaswell 2 根据文中信息词判定概括词 how ways tips methods solutions why because resultin leadto becausedby reasons causes inshort allinall summary referto be becalled definition therefore thus so asaresult result conclusion find discover findings then howtosolvetheproblem toalargedegree itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse throughselectingsustainable 可持续使用的 materialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers torecycleandminimizewaste ontheotherhand asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption 1空可以根据 then howtosolvetheproblem 可知本处讲问题的解决方法 故可判断填methods title1 costingapprenticesnothingofferingapprenticesmoney makingopportunitiesofferingemployersmanywell trainedworkers on the jobtrainingcombiningworkplaceexperienceandclassroomlearning littletimeforanythingelsethepossibilityofbeinglaidoff aformalcertificationanotherpayincreasefreechoicesofjobs 3 利用右栏信息反推 definition results advantages disadvantages now let shaveapractice theinternethaschangedtheworldweliveindramatically sothatinsomewaysitisunrecognizedfromtheplacewelivedintwentyyeasago communicationshavebeenrevolutionized notonlyhavecellphonesfoundtheirwayintomostpeople spocketsorpurses buttheyarealsousedfortextmessagingandascameras longdistancephonecallshavebeenreplacedbye mailandvideoconferencing communications persontopersonorcompanytocompany haveturnedintoafast pacedexchangewithinstantresponse infact ithasbecomemoreconvenientandefficient theotherkindofcommunicationtheinternetprovidesisinformation schoolchildrenandmedicalresearchersalikewilltellyouthattheycouldnotworkwithouttheinternetanditsabilitytoconnectthemtoanynumberofwebsitesanddatabasesofinformation manypeopledotheirbankingon line othersplanatripandbookaflightforthemselves peopledotheirownstocktradingthroughthenet sportsfansfollowscoresandstatisticsonwebsites politicaljunkies 政治狂 gathercampaignstatementsanddebatetopics evenbetweenelections andalmosteveryonewhoownsacomputerandhasinternetaccesshasboughtatleastoneitemon line nowondersomeyoungpeoplecannotimaginewhatlifewaslikebeforetheinternet therealadvantagesoftheinternetarenotjusttheconvenienceandaccessibilitythatitprovidestheaverageperson itsinventionhasmadeanenormousdifferencetothelivesofphysicallychallengedpeople thosewhoarephysicallyunabletogetaroundeasilycannowaccesstheoutsideworldeasily toordergroceries paybills takeuniversitydegrees communicatewithfriends familyand