高二英语 Unit 4 Sharing（Grammar 定语从句复习）课件 新人教版选修7.ppt

定语从句复习 定语从句定语从句 attributiveclauses 在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词 词组或代词即先行词 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which等 关系副词有 when where why等 注 1 介词提前时一般只用which和whom 2 whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich ofwhom thisisthedetectivewhocamefromlondon thebookwhichiamreadingiswrittenbytomashardy thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold thisistheroomthatshakespearewasbornin 1 如果先行词是all much anything something nothing everything little none等不定代词 关系代词一般只用that 不用which 例如 allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears 2 先行词有两个 既有人也有物 要用that weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool 关系代词that和which的区别 1 宜用that引导的定语从句 3 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first last any only few mush no some very等词修饰 关系代词常用that 不用which who 或whom 例如 thisisthemostimpressivetvtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧 thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess 那是通向你成功的唯一之路 wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事 2 宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时 要用which thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt 引导非限制性定语从句时 要用which heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman whichhelpedheralot as which非限定性定语从句由as which引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat as一般放在句首 which在句中 asweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise a itb thatc whichd heitrainedhardyesterday preventedmefromgoingtothepark a thatb whichc asd it as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as有 正如 正像 的意思 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 3 当先行词受such thesame修饰时 常用asihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells heisnotsuchafoolashelooks thisisthesamebookasilostlastweek 注意 当先行词由thesame修饰时 偶尔也用that引导定语从句 但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 sheworethesamedressthatsheworeatmary swedding 她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 thisisthemountainvillagewhereistayedlastyear i llneverforgetthedayswheniworkedtogetherwithyou 判断改错1 thisisthemountainvillagewhereivisitedlastyear 2 iwillneverforgetthedayswhenispentinthecountryside 3 thisisthemountainvillage which ivisitedlastyear 4 i llneverforgetthedays which ispentinthecountryside f f t t 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysage a whereb thatc onwhichd theone2 isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld a whereb thatc onwhichd theone 例1变为肯定句 thismuseumis youvisitedafewdaysago 例2变为肯定句 thisisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld 在句1中 所缺部分为宾语 而where that onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用 只有theone既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选d 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemuseum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选a 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where地点状语 when时间状语 why原因状语 区分定语从句和同位语从句1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容 是补充说明的关系 1 theplanethathasjusttakenoffisforlondon 定语从句 2 thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear 同位语从句 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分 有时可以省略 同位语从句主要由that引导 在句中一般不做成分 句子也可以由when where how why whether what等词引导 充当成分 1 thenewshetoldmeistrue 2 thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue 3 theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney 定语 4 theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve 3 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可以 1 theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful 2 theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice 3 thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall 4 thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth exercises motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday mademeveryhappy a whatb thatc whod which2 lookatthewatch don tyouseeitis watch helenlosttheotherday a asthesame asb thesame asc thesame whichd asthesame that3 isknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth a itb asc thatd what 4 theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect a whatb whichc thatd it5 afterlivinginparisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild whichb wherec thatd when6 hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery ofgreatimportancetoscience a whichithinkisb whichithinkitisc whichithinkitd ithinkwhichis 7 thedoctoradvisedverastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday but didn thelp a whichb itc shed he8 isreportedinthenewspaper talksbetweenthetwocountri