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Computer Aided Process Planning计算机辅助编制工艺规程According to the Tool & Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, process planning is the systematic determination of the methods by which a product is to be manufactured economically and documentation. Processes, machines, tools, operations, and sequences must be selected. Such factors as feeds, speeds, tolerances, dimensions, and costs must be calculated. Finally, documents in the form of setup instructions, work instructions, illustrated process sheets, and routings must be prepared. Process planning is an intermediate stage between designing and manufacturing the product. But how well does it bridge design and manufacturing?Most manufacturing engineers would agree that, if ten different planners were asked to develop a process plan for the same part, they would probably come up with ten different plans. Obviously, and, in fact, there is no guarantee that any one of them will constitute the optimum method for manufacturing the part.What may be even more disturbing is that a process plan developed for a part during a current manufacturing program may be quote different form the plan developed for the same or similar part during a previous manufacturing program and it may never be used again for the same or similar part. That represents a lot of wasted effort and produces a great many inconsistencies in routing, tooling, labor requirements, costing, and possibly even purchase requirements. Of course, process plans should not necessarily remain static. As lot sizes change and new technology, equipment, and processes become available, the most effective way to manufacture a particular part also changes, and those changes should be reflected in current process plans released to the shop.A planner must manage and retrieve a great deal of data and many documents, including established standards, mach-inability data, machine specifications, tooling inventories, stock availability, and existing process plans. This is primarily an information-handling job, and the computer is an ideal companion.There is anther advantage to using computers to help with process planning. Because the task involves many interrelated activities, determining the optimum plan requires many-iterations. Since computer can readily perform vast numbers of comparisons, many more alternative plans can readily perform vast numbers of comparisons, many more alternative plans can be explored than would be possible manually.A third advantage in the use of computer-aided process planning is uniformity.Several specific benefits can be expected from the adoption of computer-aided process-planning techniques:l Reduced clerical effort in preparation of instructions.l Fewer calculation errors due to human error.l Fewer oversights in logic or instructions because of the prompting capability available with interactive computer programs.l Immediate access to up-to-data information from a central database.l Consistent information, because every planner accesses the same database. l Faster response to changes requested by engineering of other operating departments.l Automatic use of the latest revision of a part drawing.l More-detailed, more-uniform process-plan statements produced by word-processing techniques.l More-effective use of inventories of tools, gages and fixtures and a concomitant reduction in the variety of those items.l Better communication with shop personnel because plans can be more specifically tailored to a particular task and presented in unambiguous, proven language.l Better information for production planning, including cutter-life, forecasting, materials-requirements planning, scheduling, and inventory control.计算机辅助编制工艺规程根据工具与制造工程手册，工艺过程是能够经济地和有竞争力的将产品制造出来的一整套方法。它主要有选择、计算和建立工艺文件组成。对加工方法、机床、刀具、工序和顺序必须进行选择。对于一些参数如进给量、速度、公差、尺寸和成本等应该进行计算。最后，应该建立工作过程安排、加工说明、带工序简图的工艺过程卡片和加工路线等方面的工艺过程。工艺过程是产品设计和制造的中间环节。那么，它是如何将设计与制造连接起来的呢？大部分制造工程师都会同意这个看法，即如果10个不同的工艺人员编制同一个零件的工艺过程，他们很可能得出10种不同的方案。显然，所有这些方案都不能反映最适当的制造方法，而且，事实上不能保证它们中的任何一个方案是由加工这零件的最好的方法组成的。在目前的制造过程中的一个更为混乱的事情是，对于一个零件来说，现在所编制的工艺过程相差很多，而且这个工艺规程可能再也不会应用于同一个零件或者相似零件。这说明很多工作都被浪费了，而且在工艺路线、工艺装备、对工人的要求和成本等方面都不一致，甚至对外构件的要求都不一样。当工艺规程不应该是一成不变的。随着产品批量的变化和新技术、新设备、新加工方法的出现，加工制造某一特定零件最适当的方法也会发生变化，而且这些变化应该在车间目前使用的加工工艺规程中反映出来。工艺人员应该管理和检索大量的数据和很多文件，其中包括：已经建立了的标准、可加工型数据、机械的规格、工艺装备的清单、原材料库存量和一些目前正在应用的工艺文件。这主要是一些信息处理工作，而计算机是完成这项工作的一个理想助手。在编制工艺过程时应用计算机还有一个优点。因为这项工作涉及到许多相关联系的事情，在确定最优秀的方案时，需要进行许多迭代。由于计算机可以很容易地进行大量的比较工作，它比人工所能够分析的可供选择的方案要多得多。采用计算机辅助编制工艺过程的第三个优点是所编制的归程具有一致性。采油计算机辅助编制工艺规程可以获得以下几点好处：l 采用文字处理技术，产生更详细、更一致的工艺文件。l 更有效地利用库存的刀具、量具和夹具，减少这些物品的种类。l 由于能够使工艺规程适合于某一项特定的工作，而且用清楚的、有理有据的语言表达出