2015-2016学年安徽省合肥市第一中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题.doc
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线名姓订级班 装 号证考准2015-2016学年安徽省合肥市科大附中第二学期期中考试高一数学试卷命题：钟成圣 审题：杜 亚一、选择题：本大题共12小题.每小题3分，共36分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 现要完成下列3项抽样调查：从10盒酸奶中抽取3盒进行食品卫生检查科技报告厅有32排，每排有40个座位，有一次报告会恰好坐满了听众，报告会结束后，为了听取意见，需要请32名听众进行座谈东方中学共有160名教职工，其中一般教师120名，行政人员16名，后勤人员24名为了了解教职工对学校在校务公开方面的意见，拟抽取一个容量为20的样本较为合理的抽样方法是()a.简单随机抽样，系统抽样，分层抽样b.简单随机抽样，分层抽样，系统抽样c.系统抽样，简单随机抽样，分层抽样d.分层抽样，系统抽样，简单随机抽样2. 将53化为二进制的数，结果为（ ） a. b. c. d. 3. 下面程序运行后，得到的a,b,c分别为（ ）a = 1 b= 2c = 3a = bb = cc = aprint a, b, cenda. 2,3, 2 b.2,3,1 c.3,2,1 d. 3,2,34. 在某中学高一年级的160名学生中开展一项社会调查，先将学生随机编号为1,2,3，159,160，采用系统抽样的方法(等间距地抽取,每段抽取一个个体). 已知抽取的学生中最小的两个编号为6,22，那么抽取的学生中，最大的编号应该是（ ） a. 141 b.142 c.149 d.1505. 在abc中，b75，c60，c=1，则最短边的边长等于（ ） a. b. c. d. 6.已知，则点位于（ ）a.第一象限 b. 第二象限 c.第三象限 d.第四象限7. 的值为（ ）a. b. c. d. 8若程序框图如下图所示，则该程序运行后输出k的值是（）a4 b5 c6 d7+ i=11s=1do s = s * i i = i1loop until 条 件 print send（第9题 ）（第8题）9已知右上方的程序，如果程序执行后输出的结果是990，那么在until后面的“条件”应为 ( )a. i 9 b. i = 9 c. i = 8 d. i 810若数列中，则=（ ）a b0 c1 d201611在abc中，有下列五个不等式：（1）（2）（3） (4) (5) 则其中一定成立的不等式的个数为（ ）a 4 b3 c2 d112数列是递减的等差数列，的前项和是，且，有以下四个结论：； 若对任意都有成立，则的值等于7或8时； 存在正整数，使； 存在正整数，使.其中所有正确结论的序号是（ ） a b c d 二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分.把答案填在相应的横线上.13用秦九韶算法计算函数时的函数值时， . （其中，当时， ）开始i=0i100?输出ss=0结束s=s+2i-1i=i+1否是14若程序框图如右下图所示,则该程序运行后输出的 值是 .15.数列的各项都是正数，那么此数列的通项公式为 16.在中，内角的对边分别是，角为锐角，且,则的取值范围为 . （第14题） 三、解答题: 本大题共6小题，共52分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17. （本题满分8分） 在等差数列中，为其前项的和，已知 ，.（1）求， ; （2）设数列中最大项为，求. 18. （本题满分9分）已知函数.（1）求函数的最小正周期和最小值;（2）若,且，求.19 （本题满分8分）隔河可以看到对岸两目标、,但不能到达，现在岸边取相距的、两点，测得，（、在同一平面内），求两目标、间的距离.20. （本题满分9分）数列中，且（）.（1）求证：为等差数列，并求 ;（2）令，求数列的前项的和为.21. （本题满分9分）在中，内角的对边分别是，且， .（1）设的周长，求的表达式，并求的最大值;（2）若，求的面积.22. （本题满分9分）已知等差数列前项的和为，且（ ）（1）求;（2）求，;（3）设，求的前项的和为.科大附中2015-2016学年第二学期期中考试高一数学 参考答案 一、选择题：题号123456789101112答案adadbdcbcbad二、填空题：13 1514 1000015. 16. 三、解答题: 17. （本题满分8分） （1）由已知得，即，所以 （2）18.（本题满分9分）（1）函数的最小正周期是，最小值是（2）即,所以，又，所以，所以19 （本题满分8分）如图在中， 由余弦定理知在中，由正弦定理知： 在中，由余弦定理知答：两目标、间的距离为.20. （本题满分9分）（1）由得所以 ()所以为等差数列，（2）21. （本题满分9分）（1）由得,即 , 显然，,易知所以，,所以 所以时，（2）,所以22. （本题满分9分）（1）由已知得，解得（2）解法1：由得 所以是等差数列，且 时 ，也满足上式，所以 解法2：由（1）知，又为等差数列，所以 ,检验符合（3） 时，时，所以- 8 -20152016学年安徽省合肥市科大附中第二学期期中考试 线名姓订级班 装 号证考准高一年级 生物试卷一单项选择题：(112题每题1分，1331题每题2分，共50分)1下列各组中属于相对性状的是（ ）a棉花纤维的粗与长 b豌豆的紫花和红花c狗的白毛和鼠的褐毛 d玉米的圆粒和黄粒2下列叙述正确的是（ ）a纯合体杂交，后代不发生性状分离 b纯合体自交，后代发生性状分离c杂合体杂交，后代不发生性状分离 d杂合体自交，后代不发生性状分离3通过“性状分离比的模拟实验”可知在生物的体细胞中（）a控制同一性状的基因相互融合；在形成配子时，融合的基因不发生分离，同时进入一个配子中b控制同一性状的基因成对存在；在形成配子时，成对的基因发生分离，分别进入不同的配子中c控制同一性状的基因相互融合；在形成配子时，融合的基因发生分离，分别进入不同的配子中d控制同一性状的基因成对存在；在形成配子时，成对的基因不发生分离，同时进入一个配子中4下列说法不正确的是（）ad和d分别控制豌豆的高茎和矮茎，是一对等位基因b两个杂合子杂交后代既有杂合子又有纯合子c基因型为aabb的生物个体不是纯合子d显性性状不一定稳定遗传5假定某一个体的基因型为aabbccddeeff；成对的基因均分别独立遗传，符合自由组合定律，此个体能产生配子种类为 （ ）a6种 b12种 c16种 d32种 6已知某玉米植株的基因型为aabb，周围虽生长有其他基因型的玉米植株，但其子代不可能出现的基因型是（）。a.aabbb. aabbc. aabbd. aabb 7.基因型为aa的植物所产生的配子间的数量关系可表示为（）。a.=11 b.aa=11 c.aa=11 d. 8果蝇的红眼为伴x显性遗传，其隐性性状为白眼。在下列杂交组合中，通过眼色即可直接判断子代果蝇性别的一组是（）。a.杂合红眼雌果蝇红眼雄果蝇b.白眼雌果蝇红眼雄果蝇c.杂合红眼雌果蝇白眼雄果蝇d.白眼雌果蝇白眼雄果蝇 9现有矮秆抗锈病小麦若干（其中纯种ddtt占1/3）。让其自交，则子代中符合生产要求的小麦种子占子代总数的比例是（）。a.1/4b.1/3c.1/2d.7/12 10.某夫妇中，妻子患有红绿色盲，则其后代患病的概率至少为（）。a.1/2b.1/4c.1/8d.011. 基因型为aabb和aabb的两种豌豆杂交得到f1，f1自交得到f2，结果符合孟德尔定律。在f2中与两亲本表现型相同的个体一共占全部子代的 （）a1/4 b3/4 c3/8 d5/812.孟德尔利用“假说演绎”的方法发现了两大遗传规律。下列对其研究过程的分析，正确的是()a.在豌豆杂交、f1自交和测交的实验基础上提出问题b.假说的核心内容是“性状是由位于染色体上的基因控制的”c.为了验证所作出的假说是否正确，设计并完成了正交和反交实验d.先研究一对相对性状的遗传，再研究两对或多对相对性状的遗传13下图为某种单基因常染色体隐性遗传病的系谱图(深色代表的个体是该遗传病患者，其余为表现型正常个体)。近亲结婚时该遗传病发病率较高，假定图中第代的两个个体婚配生出一个患该遗传病子代的概率是1/48，那么，得出此概率值需要的限定条件是()a.-2和-4必须是纯合子b.-1、-1和-4必须是纯合子c.-2、-3、-2和-3必须是杂合子d.-4、-5、-1和-2必须是杂合子14某种植物的花色性状受一对等位基因控制，且红花基因对白花基因为显性。现将该植物群体中的白花植株与红花植株杂交，子一代中红花植株和白花植株的比值为51，如果将亲本红花植株自交，f1中红花植株和白花植株的比值为()a.31 b.51 c.53 d.11115豌豆种子的黄色(y)对绿色(y)为显性，圆粒(r)对皱粒(r)为显性，让绿色圆粒豌豆与黄色皱粒豌豆杂交，f1都表现为黄色圆粒，f1自交得f2，f2有4种表现型，如果继续将f2中全部杂合的黄色圆粒种子播种后进行自交，所得后代的表现型比例为()a.2515159b.25551c.21551d.1644116.基因型为aabb的某动物，若一个精原细胞经减数分裂产生了基因组成为ab、ab、ab、ab的4个精子。据此可以确定()a.该过程发生了基因重组b.该过程发生了染色体变异c.两对基因位于一对同源染色体上d.两对基因位于两对同源染色体上17.下列关于细胞分裂的叙述，正确的是()a.分裂期的动物细胞中含有两组中心粒b.大肠杆菌通过无丝分裂产生新细胞c.植物细胞有丝分裂时，经过dna复制后染色体数目加倍d.秋水仙素能抑制植物叶肉细胞纺锤体的形成从而使染色体数目加倍18.下图表示某人体内一个正在分裂的细胞中染色体(a)、染色单体(b)和dna(c)的数目。此时期的细胞不可能()a.进行有氧呼吸b.发生细胞膜内陷c.含有4个染色体组d.进行基因重组19.下列与细胞分裂相关的叙述，正确的是()a.二倍体生物体细胞有丝分裂过程中，染色体dna与细胞质dna平均分配b.人体细胞减数第一次分裂后期与减数第二次分裂后期细胞中都有两个染色体组c.蛙的红细胞在分裂时不出现纺锤丝，但有染色体的变化d.生物前后代染色体数目的恒定都是通过有丝分裂实现的20.以下为某植物生殖细胞形成过程中某些时期的示意图，下列描述正确的是()a.纺锤丝牵引着姐妹染色单体分开b.纺锤丝牵引着同源染色体向细胞两极移动c.同源染色体排列在赤道板上d.减数第一次分裂染色体排列在赤道板上21.用32p标记果蝇一个精原细胞中所有的dna分子，然后置于不含32p的培养液中培养，开始培养后，一个细胞中核dna数的变化如下图所示。下列叙述正确的是()a.cd段与gh段的细胞中y染色体数目一定不同b.ij段细胞中染色体与核dna数目之比都是12c.gh段细胞中含32p的核dna分子占总数的1/2d.kl段每个细胞核中含32p的染色体条数都相等22.下列关于某二倍体哺乳动物同一个体中细胞有丝分裂和减数第二次分裂的叙述，正确的是()a.前期时前者细胞内性染色体的数量是后者的两倍b.后者在后期时细胞内存在大小形态相同的同源染色体c.中期时后者细胞内染色体组数是前者的两倍d.着丝点分裂时通过核孔进入细胞核的物质减少23.某一动物的染色体及基因组成如下图甲所示，观察该动物的细胞分裂装片时发现了图乙、丙所示的细胞。下列有关说法正确的是()a.乙、丙细胞中染色体组数分别是2和1b.等位基因b与b的碱基数目可能不同c.丙细胞分裂可产生4种类型的生殖细胞d.甲形成乙细胞过程中会发生基因重组24.下图1表示果蝇体内常染色体上三对等位基因的分布，图2表示其细胞分裂过程中染色体与核dna数目比的变化，下列分析正确的是()a.复制形成的两个a基因发生分离的时期为有丝分裂后期和减数第一次分裂后期b.基因a、a与b、b不遵循自由组合定律的原因是它们不能发生基因重组c.图2中的ab段可对应减数第一次分裂的联会时期d.图2中的ef段可对应减数第二次分裂的后期和末期25.下表为人体的一个卵原细胞从开始发生连续生理过程时细胞染色体组数的变化及各阶段相关特点的描述，下列说法正确的是()生理过程甲乙丙丁染色体组数212112242？相关描述性激素的作用细胞膜功能体现遗传信息不变功能趋向专门化a.甲过程dna复制一次，细胞分裂两次，产生4个生殖细胞b.甲和丙过程能够发生的突变和基因重组决定了生物进化的方向c.乙过程体现了细胞膜的信息交流功能，丁过程是遗传物质定向改变的结果d.丁过程后可能会出现细胞的凋亡26家猫体色由x染色体上一对等位基因b、b控制，只含基因b的个体为黑猫，只含基因b的个体为黄猫，其他个体为玳瑁猫。下列说法正确的是()a玳瑁猫互交的后代中有25%的雄性黄猫b玳瑁猫与黄猫杂交后代中玳瑁猫占50%c为持续高效地繁育玳瑁猫，应逐代淘汰其他体色的猫d只有用黑猫和黄猫杂交，才能获得最大比例的玳瑁猫27若用玉米为实验材料验证孟德尔分离定律，下列因素对得出正确实验结论影响最小的是()a所选实验材料是否为纯合子b所选相对性状的显隐性是否易于区分c所选相对性状是否受一对等位基因控制d是否严格遵守实验操作流程和统计分析方法28右图为某生物一个细胞的分裂图像，着丝点均在染色体端部，图中1、2、3、4 各表示一条染色体。下列表述正确的是()a图中细胞处于减数第二次分裂前期 b图中细胞的染色体数是体细胞的2 倍 c染色体1与2 在后续的分裂过程中会相互分离 d染色体1与3 必定会出现在同一子细胞中29关于同一个体中细胞有丝分裂和减数第一次分裂的叙述，正确的是()a两者前期染色体数目相同，染色体行为和dna分子数目不同b两者中期染色体数目不同，染色体行为和dna分子数目相同c两者后期染色体数目和染色体行为不同，dna分子数目相同d两者末期染色体数目和染色体行为相同，dna分子数目不同30哺乳动物卵原细胞减数分裂形成成熟卵子的过程，只有在促性腺激素和精子的诱导下才能完成。下面为某哺乳动物卵子及早期胚胎的形成过程示意图(n 表示染色体组)。据图分析，下列叙述错误的是()a.次级卵母细胞形成的过程需要激素调节b.细胞只有在精子的作用下才能形成成熟卵子c.、和细胞分裂后期染色体数目相同d.培育转基因动物应选择细胞作为受体细胞31大鼠的毛色由独立遗传的两对等位基因控制。用黄色大鼠与黑色大鼠进行杂交实验，结果如右图。据图判断，下列叙述正确的是()a.黄色为显性性状，黑色为隐性性状b.f1与黄色亲本杂交，后代有两种表现型c.f1和f2 中灰色大鼠均为杂合体d.f2 黑色大鼠与米色大鼠杂交，其后代中出现米色大鼠的概率为1/4 二非先择题(50分）32（10分）甘蓝型油菜花色性状由三对等位基因控制，三对等位基因分别位于三对同源染色体上。花色表现型与基因型之间的对应关系如下表。请回答：(1)白花(aabbdd)黄花(aabbdd)，f1基因型是_，f1测交后代的花色表现型及其比例是_。(2)黄花(aabbdd)金黄花，f1自交，f2中黄花基因型有_种，其中纯合个体占黄花的比例是_。(3)甘蓝型油菜花色有观赏价值，欲同时获得四种花色表现型的子一代，可选择基因型为_的个体自交，理论上子一代比例最高的花色表现型是_。33（11分）调查某种遗传病得到如下系谱图，经分析得知，两对独立遗传且表现完全显性的基因(分别用字母aa、bb表示)与该病有关，且都可以单独致病。在调查对象中没有发现基因突变和染色体变异的个体。请回答下列问题：(1)该种遗传病的遗传方式_(是/不是) 伴x隐性遗传，因为第代第 _个体均不患病。进一步分析推测该病的遗传方式是_。(2)假设1和4婚配、2和3婚配，所生后代患病的概率均为0，则1的基因型为_， 2的基因型为_。在这种情况下，如果2与5婚配，其后代携带致病基因的概率为_。34. （16分）下图1表示基因型为aabb的某动物细胞分裂过程示意图，图2是细胞分裂过程中同源染色体对数的变化曲线。分析回答：(1)图1中，细胞经图示减数分裂形成的子细胞基因型有_。(2)图1中细胞的名称是_，细胞中有_ 个dna，可能不含x染色体的细胞是_(填序号)。(3)图2中，cd段可表示_期，细胞对应于图2中的_段，可发生基因重组的是_段。(4)图2中出现gh段的原因是_.35. （13分）图1表示细胞分裂的不同时期染色体数与核dna数比例的变化关系；图2表示同种动物处于细胞分裂不同时期的图像。请据图回答：(1)图1中de段形成的原因是_。(2)图2中_细胞处于图1中的cd段。(3)图2丙细胞中染色单体条数为_。(4)图2中丙细胞的名称为_，如果该细胞中的m为x染色体，则n一定是_。若m的姐妹染色单体上出现等位基因，其原因是发生了 _。(5)基因分离定律和自由组合定律都发生在图1中的_区段(填字母)。高一生物参考答案一选择题（50分）123456789101112babccccbcacd13141516171819202122bdcaacbcca232425262728293031bdddacccb二选择题（50分）32(1)aabbdd（1分）乳白花黄花11（1分）(2)81/5(3)aabbdd乳白花33(1)不是（1分）1、3常染色体隐性(2)aabbaabb或aabb(aabb或aabb)5/934.(1)ab和ab (2)次级精母细胞8(3)有丝分裂后hifg (4)同源染色体分离，分别进入两个子细胞中35.(1)着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分开形成子染色体(2)丙、丁(3)8(4)初级精母细胞（1分）常染色体基因突变或交叉互换 (5)cd- 9 -20152016学年安徽省合肥市线名姓订级班装号证考准科大附中第二学期期中考试高一年级英语试卷出题人：沈 娟 审题人：钟 卫第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒种的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. what will the man do this weekend?a. enjoy a picnic. b give a performance. c play the piano. 2. what did the man buy yesterday?a. a jacket and a sweater b. a jacket and a t-shirt c. a sweater and a t-shirt3. how many children are there at least in the womans family? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 4. what are the two speakers mainly talking about? a. plans for this sunday b. indian art c. an exhibition 5. whats the possible relationship between the two speakers? a. colleaguesb. classmatesc. husband and wife第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并示在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. what does the man think of his trip?a. bad and tiringb. nice but tiring.c. fine and relaxing.7. which city has the woman been to for the most times? a. shanghai b. nanjing c. beijing听第7段材料，回答第8-9题。8. why did tom london go to new york? a. to look at a new modelb. to enjoy a short holiday. c. to attend a meeting.9. when will tom london be back?a. on december 8thb. on december 9th.c. on december10th听第8段材料，回答第10-12题。10.what did the man do there last tuesday?a. he attended a job interview.b. he looked for the woman.c. he waited for his family.11. why was the woman happy?a. because she finally saw the manb. because her sister said something funny.c. because her family were coming to her city.12. where are the two speakers now?a. in los angelesb. in new yorkc. in chicago听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。13. what day is it today?a. monday.b. tuesday.c. wednesday.14. what happened to the mans chemistry notes?a. it was stolen.b. it was missingc. it was thrown away15.what does the woman agree to do in the end?a. let the man keep her notes b. copy the notes for the manc. let the man copy her notes16. what will the man do next? a. look for her notes b. buy water c. have supper听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。17. what is the speakers attitude towards taking adventures?a. she considers it too dangerous b. she shows no interest in itc. she really loves doing that18. where will the speaker go next month? a. china b. morocco c. switzerland19. what is the speakers favorite season? a. spring b. summer c. autumn20. why does the speaker take her children to mccrory gardens? a. to get close to nature. b. to take pictures of them c. to play with other children第二部分 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。one student took a box of chicken to classanother carried on a cell-phone21, and still another whistled loudly every time the 22_turned his backreform school? nocollegemore and more, professors say, they are coming across 23 students in their classroomsmany of todays young scholars(学者) arrive late, leave24, talk loud or take care of personal 25 such as paying bills during class. why are the students behaving badly? because they can, said a student of university of north texasa lot of the time, the professors let them get 26 with it some educators say it is time to bring politeness back to their classroomsand even 27taking some of the blame for bad behaviorthey say that rude studentsare by no means the majority but that one of them can ruin an entire 28. people are 29 when they learn that impolite behavior is becoming more and more common in 30 education, says drgerald amanda, a counselor at citycollege of san franciscothey 31 some high school students to misbehave butthink those who get to 32 will behave more politelydramanda believes that society in 33 has become more tolerant(容忍的) of rude behavior and 34 people in power, including professors, no longer 35 standards for 36that leads to a growing imprudence(轻率行为) 37 some college studentstheres a great 38 of bad behavior in the world around them, and young people see it and 39 disrespect, said dramanda, 40 that sometimes students have no idea that they are being rude21alinebconversationcmessagedpicture22aprofessorbstudentcpresidentdclassmate23ahardworkingbcheatingcrudedselfish24alatebearlycnoisilydquietly25afeelingbinterestccomputerdbusiness26aawaybdowncalongdback27aenjoybhatecstartdavoid28aschoolbcompanycsocietydclass29adelightedbsurprisedcinteresteddencouraged30abetterbmorechigherdyounger31aexpectbhopecforbiddwish32aworkbcollegeclearningdknowledge33aallbtimecchargedgeneral34awhybhowcwhetherdthat35achangebbreakcsetdreach36ateachingbpolitenesscthinkingdprogress37aaboutbforcbehinddamong38adealbnumbercmanydsum39apreparebgrowcdevelopdimprove40aspeakingbaddingcwarningdwishing第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aeight days for just ￥12,000departs：may-october 2007includes：return flights from 6 chinas airports to naplesreturn airport to hotel transport seven nights accommodation at the 3-star hotel nice breakfast the service of guides government taxes join us for a wonderful holiday in one of the europes most wonderful corners-naples in italy if you want to have a nice time in a beautiful small quiet place. the ancient romans called the city “happy land” with attractive coastline, colorful towns, splendid views and the warm mediterranean sea. your best choice for a truly memorable holiday!choose between the peaceful traditional villages of sant agata, set on a hillside six miles away from sorrento, or the more lively and well-known international resort town of sorrento, with wonderful views over the bay of naples.breathtaking scenery, famous sights and european restaurants everywhere. from the mysterious isle of capri to the hunting ruins of pompeii, and from the unforgettable “amalfi drive” to the delightful resorts of positano, sorrento and ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! join us, and you wont be disappointed! price based on two tourists sharing a double room at the hotel nice. a single room, another ￥2,000. a group of ten college students , ￥10,000 for each .like to know more? telephone newmarket air holidays ltd on : 08452267788（all calls charged at local rates）.41. who is the advertisement intended for?a. potential tourists. b. college students. c. quiet people. d. old people.42.all the following are included in the price of ￥ 12,000 except_.a. transport between the airport and the hotel b. telephone calls made by tourists c. the service of guides to tourists d. double rooms for every two tourists 43. if you dont like sharing a room with others, you have to pay_.a.￥12,000 b.￥10,000 c.￥2,000 d.￥14,000bwhen building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the buiding materials and the fashions for their houses. however since electricity became more and more expensive，people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their house from both cold and heat.now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. in some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock (家禽). during cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. the reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. the body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. by sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat. people who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. however, home builders use the fact that heat rises. this natural law can be used in building houses in these areas. instead of keeping livestock on the first floor, builders fill it with large rocks. as they are open to the suns rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. they also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. so these houses are energy-saving.house-building becomes a great challenge to building designers and energy engineers. they try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. and someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy-saving houses. 线名姓订级班装号证考准44. what did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap?a. the climate of their areas.b. the energy for their houses.c. the fashions for their houses. d. the building materials for their houses.45. people in some areas gain a source of heat by_?a. keeping their livestock downstairsb. protecting their livestock from the coldc. sharing their houses only with their cowsd. living on the second floor with their livestock46. the underlined words “natural law ” in the third paragraph refer to the fact that_a. heat raises the temperature in the houses. b. heat goes in the upward direction.c. heat goes up if temperature is raised.d. heat increases the temperature of rocks.47. from the passage, we can conclude that_.a. people will no longer consider building materials in the future. b. energy-saving buildings will become more popular in the future. c. almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks. d. energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology.capril 15th is a tax (税) day for americansit is the last day to pay federal (联邦的) income taxes for the year beforemost taxpayers have enough income taxes collected all year long through their employersso they do not owe much. in fact, most get some money backincome tax rates increase as income increasespeople who earned more than three hundred nineteen thousand dollars last year had the highest rate，thirty-five percent but there are different ways for people to reduce their income taxes the constitution gives congress the power to build federal taxesstate and local governments can also taxbut the idea of national taxes took time in 1790 congress passed a tax on whiskey and other alcoholic drinksfarmers in western pennsylvania who produced alcohol refused to paythey attacked officials and burned the home of a tax collector george washington，americas first president, gathered the armythe soldiers put down the so-called whiskey rebellion of 1794it was one of the first times that the government used its power to make sure a federal law within a state at first，the united states government collected most of its money through tariffs (关税)，which are taxes on foreign tradethen，in the late 1800s，congress began to tax the money that people earned through their jobs the supreme court was against the personal income tax as unconstitutional. so the states changed the constitutionin 1930 they passed the sixteenth amendment (修正案)it gives congress the power to collect taxes on personal incomes in 2004，personal income tax provided the government with thirty-seven percent of its money，and income tax on business provided six percent48which of the following taxes is not mentioned in the passage? ataxes on business btaxes on incomesctaxes on alcohol making dtaxes on house selling49why did the us decide to change the constitution according to the passage? abecause the supreme court asked them to do so bbecause they wanted to collect the personal income tax.cbecause they wanted to limit the power of the supreme court dbecause they wanted to increase foreign trade tax rates50which of the following is not true according to the passage? aboth the state and local governments in america have the right to tax bbefore 1800,most american governments tax money came from taxes on alcoholic drinks cpersonal income tax has become an important tax in the states dif you havent paid federal income taxes for 2008 before april 15, you may break tax laws51what does the underlined sentence“but the idea of national taxes took time in paragraph 3 mean? ait took a long time to realize the idea of national taxes bevery year it takes a long time to collect national taxes cthe states were not sure whether they should collect national taxes dfor a long time people didnt know what national taxes weredparents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their childrens careers. should they allow their children to train to become top sports men or women? for many children it means starting schoolwork very young, and going out with friends and other interests have to take a second place. its very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing.another problem is of course money. in many countries money for training is available from government for the best young sportsmen and women. if this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their childs development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc.many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. some doctors agree that young muscles may be damaged by training before they are properly developed. professional ( 专业的) trainers however, believe that it is only by training young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. it is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.52.this article is probably taken from _.a. a letter b. an advertisement c. a personal diary d. a newspaper article53. according to the passage parents whose children show a special interest in sport_.a. feel uncertain if they should let their children train to be sportsmen or womenb. try to get financial support from the government for their childrens training c. have to get medical advice from doctors about training methods d. prefer their children to be trained as young as possible54.which of the following statements is not true?a. its hard for a young child to understand why he or she has to spend so much time training.b. early training may damage their muscles.c. most children may become professional sports men or women after a long period of training.d. its very expensive for parents to support their childs development in sports.55.the underlined phrase “to take a second place” means _.a. to repeat the activities some other dayb. to become less importantc. to be of no importanced. to happen again第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。tips to start doing things that you do not like to doeven though it is there on our to-do list,we give it less priority(优先权) because we dislike doing it. _56_ on the other side, if you put effort into doing difficult things or those things you do hate to do, you will be able to do harder tasks with confidence later in life. here are some good-to know tips that will encourage you to start doing things that you do not like to do:stop hating the task. _57_ to become a confident and better person, you should start loving to do difficult things, especially the ones you do not like to do. look at the bigger picture. if you meet a difficult task, instead of shying away from it, take some time and think about it. what is the major reason behind doing this task? _58_ you need to look at the bigger picture instead of just thinking about the task. overcome your fear. one thing that stops you from carrying out the task is fear.you may develop a fear, thinking that the task is very difficult or you are not comfortable when doing it. you can never overcome fear by running away from it. _59_ why not face it now and become braver? _60_. if you think you have enough time on your side, you may not put enough effort into carrying out the task. so, if you limit yourself to carry out a certain task in a set period, you will not waste time but make the best use of it and accomplish the task.a. do not think about the failure.b. set a time period to complete it.c. sooner or later you have to face it.d. what will happen if you complete the task?e. life would be boring without difficult situations.f. successful people do things they do not like to do, too.g. instead of giving it a try, we may stay away from it completely. 第ii卷（非选择题共30分）语法填空：（每题1分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。do you love american country music? it is _61_(real) popular not only in america but also all over the world. _62_ you love american country music, come to nashville. its the home of american country music.nashville is_63_ capital city of tennessee. in nashville, you dont have to go to big auditoriums(音乐厅) _64_ (enjoy ) country music. you can always hear the beautiful and sweet country music in the open-air restaurants or on the streets. all the singers are young _65_ they play their guitars while they sing. the song they sing are very _66_(touch). if you listen to them with your heart, you can feel they are singing with their souls rather than with their voices.when you visit nashville, you can find shops _67_(sell) music records and tapes everywhere. many records _68_ (make) by famous singers and they are sent to many countries all over the world.the country songs most of the singers sing come from the rural areas in the southern united states. the songs often describe those day-to day situations and the _69_(feeling) of the country people. singers often sing co
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