英语人教版九年级全册How to write English compositi.doc

英语作文写好英语作文的关键套用句型,背诵大量范文,达到熟悉这些地道的句子结构! 并提取其中的关键句型，活用到你的作文中去，就可以获得高分！写作步骤，做到“一审二写三连四改五通读六地道”。 了解英汉语言的表达习惯英、美人的思维习惯是“一般特殊型模式”，即先概括、总结、整体、总述、结果，后举例、讲解、分解、叙事及修饰和说明，语义重心在前，而汉语正好相反。汉语的修饰语前置，句首开放，句尾收缩。英语修饰语后置，句首封闭，句尾开放。试比较：汉语：棒！真棒！干得真棒！你干得真棒！这事儿你干得真棒！没想到你这事儿干得真棒！真没想到你这事儿干得真棒！我真没想到你这事儿干得真棒！说实在的我真没想到你这事儿干得真棒！英语：This is the cat.This is the cat that killed the rat.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the rice.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the rice that lay in the house .This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the rice that lay in the house that Hover built last year.思考：（先译英，再比较英汉两种语言的思维模式）I read a book quietly in the library all afternoon.I flew to New York from Beijing this morning.I havent seen you since last Sunday/for a year.Im at my office from 9a.m to/till 5p.m.You can keep this VCD as long as you like.关于书信和看图作文写好英语文章的20字诀Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。Brief: 文章简为贵，要抓住要点，简明扼要。Coherence: k()hrns文理通顺，前后连贯。连贯性Development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。分割Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。象征Inflated diction: 不使用做作的语言。膨胀的措辞Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。合理的Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。Relevant: 文章一定要要题。有重大作用的Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化。Strait: 开门见山，直来直去。Style: 文体恰切，适合内容要求。Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。Theme: 选题得当，主题突出 记叙文的写作记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个“ W ”（ what, who, when, where, why ）和一个“ H ”（ how ）。记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领。 一、记叙文的特点 1. 叙述的人称 英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如： The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. 用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如： Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea. 2. 动词的时态 在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。 3. 叙述的顺序 记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。 4. 叙述的过渡 过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如： In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise. The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright. What a moving and unforgettable scene! 5. 叙述与对话 引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果： I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released. 这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整： I was in the kitchen cooking something. Crash! a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, Who? No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. Its you. I said, quite released. 二、写好记叙文的基本要领 1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚 写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。 2. 突出中心，详略得当 在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如： One night a man came to our house and told me, There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days. I took some food with me and went. When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured （破坏外貌） by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger. I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, Where did you go? she gave me this simple answer, To my neighbors they are hungry also! 3. 用活语言，准确生动 记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。 原文： One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didnt take it. She served them with tea but they left. 修改后： The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him. Little boy, why are you standing here crying? they asked. I want Mom, I go home. said the boy, still crying. Dont worry, well send you home. And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it. When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea. 走出英语作文的误区 误区使用句型太复杂以致出错 小作文的写作强调的是内容连贯，句子通顺，语言流畅，并且句子与句子之间能够用恰当的关联词衔接起来，并不要求写出多复杂的句子。但有些考生理解为只有句子长了，所用的从句多了才更纯正，所以使用各种从句分词等，致使文章言不达意，错误百出，效果适得其反。 误区加入太多的想象成分，使内容细节过多，文章冗长。学生在写作中的一大担心就是文章的长度不够，再加上对于“可适当增减细节，不可字对字的翻译”的误解，于是加入了很多离题较远的细节，乱了主题。不可字对字其实只要求学生不可简单照译，并非不可翻译。学生只要在理解写作要求的基础上以翻译为主，在要点之间加上简练恰当与必要的关联词和关联句即可。翻译要点可直译也可意译，但要恰当准确，用已学过的词语与句型，切不可生搬硬造。 误区书写不规范造成大量失分。由于该卷的主观性，作文的卷面分往往不只1、2分。因此写作的规范与书法非常重要，甚至所用墨水的颜色也应列入考虑之列，比如，浅色的墨水或油笔写出的字就显得乱，而深色的如碳素墨水则给人以整齐美观的印象。这里介绍几个应注意的地方。1.好的开头和结尾。由于评卷人的主观性，好的开头与结尾往往给人以好的印象。一般开头不要写得太罗嗦，要找着恰当的切入点，快速入题，简洁明快。结尾同样不拖泥带水，最好还能适当评论，写出点睛之笔。2.用好关联词。在写作的过程中，以下关联词的应用非常关键。比如，表并列的and，besides，as well as，in addition to，not onlybut also，when，表递进的furthermore，whats more，whats worse，表转折的but，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，however，表选择的eitheror，whetheror，otherwise等。有了这些词的连接，就会使文章变得语句通顺，层次清楚，有声有色，考生勿需用很多的复合句也能让评卷人感觉到你的水平不同一般。3.用好标点符号、大小写，安排好段落。如果是汉语作文，学生大多注意标点符号，但写英语时一些考生就不够认真。一篇文章下来一逗到底，没有标点的变化，没有大小写，没有段落划分（一般以两段为宜），让人一看就烦，更不要说得到好的分数。4.用好情感词语。任何文章都有自己的观点，英语小作文也不例外。考生应注意用一些能反映自己观点的词，否则文章就很干瘪，没有韵味。没有人愿意读没有感情的作文。5.书写清楚，整洁，规范。 英语作文的结尾方式示例文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。 文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：1、首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” (我忘不了她)的结尾：After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.2、重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾：I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.3、自然结尾随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4、含蓄性的结尾用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.5、用反问结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我们要不要学做家务？) 的结尾。Everyone should learn to do housework. Dont you agree, boys and girls?6、指明方向，激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Lets Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Lets go in for sports.文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。中考满分作文欣赏向外国友人简单介绍黄山（ the Yellow Mountain ）（ 2002 年安徽省）安徽黄山被联合国教科文组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设外国友人到你校参观后，准备去旅游。请根据要点向外国友人简单介绍黄山（ the Yellow Mountain ）。（ 1 ）位于安徽南部，是中国著名的旅游胜地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。（ 2 ）乘汽车去大约要花 3 个小时；也可以乘火车或飞机去。（ 3 ）登山便可领略其云海（ the sea of clouds ）、奇松（ wondrous pines ）、怪石（ unique rocks ）等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。注意 1 词数： 80 词左右。 2 请不要逐字翻译。The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China . It lies in the south of Anhui . Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there . Its not far from here . It takes you about three hours to get there by bus . You can also go there by train or by plane . While you are climbing the mountain ， you can enjoy the sea of clouds ， wondrous pines and unique rocks around you . In the early morning when the sun rises ， the sky looks very beautiful . Its really a nice place to visit .中国与WTO中国加入 WTO 后，有一大批外国人来我市河源参观。假设你是导游，请根据以下内容，向外宾简单介绍我市的情况。 要求： 1. 100 词左右； 2. 要点包括： a. 有悠久的历史，位于广东的东北部，离广州 198 公里，人口约 324 万。 b. 有许多名胜古迹，如苏家围（ Sujiawei ）；万绿湖（ WanluLake ）等等；万绿湖是一个很美丽的地方，湖水清澈，无污染；湖中有各种各样的鱼；你可以到那里划船，野餐，钓鱼，是度假的好去处。你也可以去参观河源市博物馆，在那里你可以看到许多恐龙化石（ fossil ）。c. 祝大家在河源玩得愉快。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to Heyuan, now let me introduce our city Heyuan to you. Heyuan is a city with a long history. It is in the northeast of Guangdong and 198 kilometres away from Guangzhou. It has a population of 3,240,000.There are many places of interest in Heyuan, such as Sujiawei Wanlu Lake and so on. Wanlu Lake is a beautiful place. The water is clean and not polluted. There are all kinds of fish in it. You can go boating, go fishing and have a picnic there. It is really a good place to spend your holiday. Besides, you can go and visit Heyuan Museum. There you can see a lot of dinosaur egg fossils.I hope you can enjoy yourselves in Heyuan.Thank you.我最喜欢的节日 There are a lot of holidays for chinese people, such as National day, May Day, etc. However, chinese people look on spring festival as their most important one of all.And its also my favorite festival, especially when I was a child, because In those days, I could have a plenty of delicious food to eat, enjoy a very long holiday and wear beautiful clothes. And what is more important is that I could received much new years gift money. So, everyyear, I expected the spring festival would come soon. After I grew up, its no longer as important to me as before . For I can have my delicious food and wear my favorite clothes every day. Its like Im having spring festival every day! 一年有很多节日,如国庆节，劳动节等等，但中国人看的最重的还是春节。我也很喜欢做春节。尤其是小时候，因为一到春节不但可以吃到好多好吃的，而且还能放很长的假，穿漂亮的衣服，最主要的是可以收到好多压岁钱，小时候总盼望着春节的到来。长大了，春节好像没那么重要了。因为现在天天都能吃到好吃的，穿自己喜欢的衣服，就想天天都在过年My Chinese Teacher,My Chinese Teacher范文 以My Chinese Teacher为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short. She works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And were getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.Asking the Way问路根据下列提示，编写一段题为“问路”的对话（6080个字）：Green太太想去博物馆，但不知如何走，于是就向一位警察询问。警察告诉她沿街走到第二个十字路口向左拐，拐角过去第三幢楼就是博物馆。Asking the WayMrs. Green： Excuse me, but could you tell me the way to the museum? Policeman： Certainly. Just go up this street and turn left at the second crossing. The third building from the corner is the museum. You cant miss it. Mrs. Green： Oh, let me see. Go down this street, turn left at the second crossing. and the museum is the third building from the corner. Am I right? Policeman： Yes, thats right. Mrs. Green： Thank you very much. Bye-bye. Policeman： You are welcome. Bye-bye. 编写一段题为“Giving a Gift”的对话根据下列提示，编写一段题为“Giving a Gift”的对话（50个字左右）：提示：(1) 圣诞节， Xiao Chen拜访了 Elizabeth，并送给她一件礼物。礼物是一只漂亮的竹篮。(2) Elizabeth当场打开了礼物。她非常高兴，说这正是她所喜欢的，并再次感谢小陈。Giving a GiftElizabeth： Hello, Xiao Chen! Merry Christmas! Xiao Chen： Merry Christmas, Elizabeth. This is a small gift for you. Elizabeth： Oh, thank you so much. May I open it now? Xiao Chen： Sure. I hope you like it. (after opening the gift)Elizabeth： My! What a beautiful bamboo basket! This is exactly what I like! Its so nice of you, Xiao Chen. Thank you again. Water Pollution With the development of industry, water pollution is becoming more serious now. The polluted water not only kills fish, it is also harmful to our health. Many people get sick because they drink the polluted water. In some rivers the water is so dirty that they can even kill plants. We should fight against the pollution. We should stop using harmful things. I wish it is not a dream that in the near future we can have clean rivers again. 2008奥运的中考英语作文 一、2001 年 7 月 13 日，你的美国朋友给你写了一封信，祝贺北京申奥成功。收到信后你给他写了一封信，介绍了你们是如何庆祝申奥成功的。回信应包括下列图画所示内容，并邀请他在 2008 年来中国。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 信的开头和结尾已写好。 生词： 1. 竞标成功 win the bid for 2. 出墙报 put up a wall newspaper Dear Bill， Very glad to receive your letter of July 13. _-.Sincerely yours， Zhang Hua 内容要点： 1. 向美国朋友道谢。 2. 听到北京申奥成功的消息非常激动。 3. 召二人来家商量庆祝方式。 4. 三人到教室出墙报。 5. 周一同学们看到墙报的反应。 6. 邀请美国朋友 2008 年来北京观看奥运会。 Bear Bill, Very glad to receive your letter of July 13. Thank you for your congratulations. I was very excited when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. Immediately I called Wei Guo and Li Hong to my house. After a brief discussion we decided to put up a wall newspaper for our class. We hurried to our classroom and began to work. Wei Guo wrote a poem. Li Hong copied some news from the newspapers. I drew an Olympic flag. The next Monday, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed when they saw the wall newspaper. I hope you can come to China to watch the Olympic Games in 2008. Then Ill be very happyto be your guide. 二、北京奥运一名志愿者让外国朋友更多地了解北京 （ 2002 年黄冈市）小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己为北京奥运会做一名志愿者：他努力帮助来自世界各国的外国朋友在交谈中，小明让外国朋友更多地了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明，并认为小明的英语非常好。小明很高兴，他甜蜜地笑了 请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象，写一段 80 词左右的短文。开始语和结束语均已给出（不计入总词数）。 内容要求： （ 1 ）帮助外国朋友；（ 2 ）与外国朋友交谈；（ 3 ）感谢小明；（ 4 ）小明很高兴。 词汇参考： try （ do ） ones best ， find （ that ）， heavy （ lost ）， carry （ show ， take ）， taxi （ car ， bike ）， on the way ， talk with （ about ） Xiao Ming had a dream （梦） last night . In the dream ， he volunteered to serve （志愿列队） the Beijing Olympics . Xiao Ming had a dream last night. In the dream, he volunteered to serve the Beijing Olympics. He tried his best to help the foreign friends from different countries. When he found a foreign friend worried in the street, he went up to him and asked him what was the matter. The foreigner told Xiao Ming he was Jack, and he forgot the way to the Sun Hotel. Then Xiao Ming stopped a taxi and took him to the Sun Hotel. Xiao Ming talked with Jack on the way and made Jack know more about Beijing. Jack thanked Xiao Ming very much and thought Xiao Mings English was very good. Xiao Ming was very happy. He smiled and smiled, then he woke up. 三、我与奥运 New Beijing, Great Olympics The 2008 Olympic Game has been the most cheerful and anticipated event throughout Beijing ever since Beijing was rewarded the right to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, yet the focus should be shifted from making a promise to fulfilling the promise made. In my point of view, to bridge the gap between the promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. To begin with, infrastructure construction should be the primary concern. Such infrastructures as communications and transportation system and facilities ought to draw our constant attention. First, traffic jam has been an ageold headache in Beijing. The scene of long queues of vehicles worming their way inch by inch will surely cause great incontinenc