间接引语1 (2).doc

直接引语变间接引语代词与动词的变化一、代词的变化指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。同时人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出合理的调整。如： He said, “This is my seat.” He said that that was his seat.“I can look after myself.” she said.She said that she could look after herself. 二、动词的变化come改为go，bring改为take等。如： “He will come today.” she said. She said that he would go that day. 直接引语变间接引语的时态变化直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个。如：一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变)。另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。如： “I want to stay here.” he said. He said that he wanted to stay there.She said, “Its raining very hard.” He said that it was raining very hard. Jim said, “I can speak Chinese.” Jim said that he could speak Chinese.注意: (1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。如： He said, “The sun rises in the east.” He said that the sun rises in the east.(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变。如： He said, “ was born in 1988.” He said that he was born in 1988. 直接引语变间接引语的状语变化一、时间状语的变化直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动。如：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等。如： He said, “Im very busy now.” He said that he was very busy then.He said, “I want to leave today.” He said that he wanted to leave that day. He said, “She left yesterday.” He said that she had left the day before.She said, “Ill tell you tomorrow.” She said that she would tell me the next day. 二、地点状语的变化主要涉及的地点状语是here，它在间接引语中通常要变为there。如： “I live here now.” he said.He said that he lived there then. 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)。如： “I dont love her.” he says. He says that he doesnt love her. 注意： (1)若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb。如： “Its a secret.” he said to me.” He told me that it was a secret.(2)若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that。如： He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.”He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.疑问句由直接引语变间接引语一、一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如： “Are you ill?” he said.He asked if whether I was ill. 二、特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如： He asked, “When did she leave?” He asked when she had left. 注意： (1)改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。 (2)若直接引语引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等。祈使句由直接引语变间接引语方法是：使用ask tell, order sb to do sth这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式，则用ask tell, order sb not to do sth，其中ask, tell, order的选择视句子的语气而定。如： “Come early tomorrow, Jim.” he said. He told Jim to come early the next day.“Dont be late again, Mary.” he said. He told Mary not to be late again. 注意： (1)除动词ask, tell, order外，有时也可能用其他动词。如： “Dont go out at night, Jim.” he said. He warned Jim not to go out at night.(2)若祈使句中没有呼语，应根据句意给动词ask, tell, order等补上适当的宾语。如： “Watch carefully.” he said.He told us to watch carefully. 直接引语变间接引语的特例有时直接引语变为间接引语时，可根据具体的语境选用某种特定的方式，而不拘泥于以上通常方法。如： “You had better hurry, Bill.” he said.He advised Bill to hurry.“Shall we meet at two?” he said. He suggested meeting at two. “Shall I do it for you?” he asked. He offered to do it for me.“Could you help us?” he said. He asked me to help them. 高考考查“间接引语”主要以宾语从句和不定式作宾补的形式出现。考查的内容有：一、“不定式作宾补”句式【高考真题1】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _ （NMET95）Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to点评：tell sb（not）to do sth是祈使句直接引语变间接引语时的常用句式。谓语动词要求用及物动词，常见的用于此句式的谓语动词有tell，warn，ask等。此题答案为A。to后面省去了相同的不定式部分。【高考真题2】MrsSmith warned her daughter _ after drinking（MET91）Anever to drive Bto never driveCnever driving Dnever drive点评：warn要求用不定式作宾补，故可排除C和D。 never是否定词，应放在不定式符号to前面，故答案为A。【方法揭秘】解题时同学们应认真分析语境逻辑，从而推断出原直接引语为请求、命令式直接引语，然后，对照其间接引语所需tell/ask/order/warn sb. (not/never) to do sth.句子结构选择正确答案。二、宾语从句的语序【高考真题3】He asked _ for the violin（NMET92）Adid I pay how much BI paid how muchChow much did I pay Dhow much I paid点评：宾语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序，故答案为D。【高考真题4】Someone is ringing the doorbellGo and see _ （2000年上海）Awho is he Bwho he is Cwho is it Dwho it is点评：A、C不符合宾语从句的语序，可排除。英语中常用it代替不明身份的或心目中的人，故答案为D。三、宾语从句的时态呼应【考点提示】间接引语应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时和过去完成进行时。 例1 They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink. (MET1988) A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 解析 A分析语境可知，后句为间接引语，本题考查其时态变化，认真分析语境不难发现直接引语中的句型与时态应为：It is+时间+since从句（一般过去时），it was 制约since，从句中的一般过去时应改为过去完成时。 【高考真题5】I wonder why Jenny _ us recentlyWe should have heard from her by now（NMET2002）Ahasnt written Bdoesnt write Cwont write Dhadnt written点评：如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，宾语从句谓语动词可根据句意的需要而用任何一种时态。本题recently暗示从句中应用现在完成时态，故答案为A。【高考真题6】The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it（NMET2000）Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel点评：本题的句意是：记者说当他看见飞碟时，它正从东向西飞过。从句要用过去进行时态，答案为A。当主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态（如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时等）。但如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the sun rises in the east an