论语翻译习题.doc

1. 论语.里仁第四：子曰：朝闻道，夕死可矣。论语这篇讲的是 里仁。仁是孔子的思想核心，唯有仁者爱人，这就是他一辈子奔走呼号的政治理想。可见孔子诸侯能否采纳他的仁政很是看重。 Lau: The Master said, “He has not lived in vain who dies in the evening, having been told about the Way in the morning.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “When a man has learnt wisdom in the morning, he may be content to die in the evening before the sun sets.” Legge: The Master said, If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening hear regret. 2. 子曰：君子喻于义，小人喻于利。（论语里仁）Lau: The Master said, “The gentleman is versed in what is moral. The small man is versed in what is profitable.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “A wise man sees what is right in a question; a fool, what is advantageous to himself.” Legge: The Master said, The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain.3. 【原文】 子曰：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。” 孔子论语雍也.【译文】 孔子说：“懂得它的人，不如爱好它的人；爱好它的人，又不如以它为乐的人。” 【评析】 孔子这句话为我们揭示了一个怎样才能取得好的学习效果的秘密，那就是对学习的热爱。不同的人在同样的学习环境下学习效果不一样，自身的素质固然是一个方面，更加重要的还在于学习者对学习内容的态度或感觉。正所谓“兴趣是最好的老师”，当你对一门科目产生了兴趣之后，自然会学得比别人好。 Lau: The Master said, “to be fond of it is better than merely to know it, and to find joy in it is better than merely to be fond of it.”Gu: Confucius remarked, “Those who know it are not as those who love it; those who love it are not as those who find their joy in it.” Legge: The Master said, They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 4. 子曰：默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有与我哉？，.出自论语 述而Lau: The Master said, “Quietly to store up knowledge in my mind, to learn without flagging, to teach without growing weary. For me there is nothing to these things.” Gu: Confucius then went on to say, “To meditate in silence; patiently to acquire knowledge; and to be indefatigable in teaching it to others: which one of these things can I say that I have done?” Legge: The Master said, The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied:-which one of these things belongs to me? 5. 【出处】：论语述而：“子曰：我非生而知之者，好古敏以求之者也。”Lau: The Master said, “I was not born with knowledge but, being fond of antiquity, I am quick to seek it.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “I am not one born with understanding. I am only one who has given himself to the study of Antiquity and is diligent in seeking for understanding in such studies.” Legge: The Master said, I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.6. 论语述而：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”Lau: The Master said, “Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to be able to learn from them. The good points of the one I copy; the bad points of the other I correct in myself.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “When three men meet together, one of them who is anxious to learn can always learn something of the other two. He can profit by the good example of the other and avoid the bad example of the other.” Legge: The Master said, When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 7. 子曰：“后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？四十、五十而无闻焉，斯亦不足畏也已。”（论语子罕）Lau: The Master said, “It is fitting that we should hold the young in awe. How do we know that the generations to come will not be the equal of the present? Only when a man reaches the age of forty or fifty without distinguishing himself in any way can one say, I suppose, that he does not deserve to be held in awe.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “Youths should be respected. How do we know that their future will not be as good as we are now? only when a man is forty or fifty without having done anything to distinguish himself, does he then cease to command respect.” Legge: The Master said, A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then indeed he will not be worth being regarded with respect.8. 子曰：“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。” （论语子罕）Lau: The Master said, “The Three Armies can be deprived of their commander, but there is no way a common man can be deprived of his purpose.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “The general of an army may be carried off, but a man of the common peoble can not be robbed of his free will.” Legge: The Master said, The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him. 9. 论语颜渊：“君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。”Lau: The Master said, “The gentleman helps others to effect what is good; he does not help them to effect what is bad. The small man does the opposite.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “A good and wise man encourages men to develop the good qualities in their nature, and not their bad qualities; whereas, a bad man and a fool does the very opposite.” Legge: The Master said, The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.10. 论语.卫灵公 子曰：君子不以言举人，不以人废言。译文：君子不根据言论推举选拔人才，也不因某人有缺点错误而废弃他的言论。Lau: The Master said, “The gentleman does not recommend a man on account of what he say, neither does he dismiss what is said on account of the speaker.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “A wise man never upholds a man because of what he says, nor does he discard what a man says because of the speakers character.” Legge: The Master said, The superior man does not promote a man simply on account of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man.11. 子曰：“过而不改，是谓过矣。” 出自论语?卫灵公。Lau: The Master said, “Not to mend ones ways when one has erred is to err indeed.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “To be wrong and not to reform is indeed to be wrong.” Legge: The Master said, To have faults and not to reform them,-this, indeed, should be pronounced having faults.12. 孔子曰：“益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。友便辟，友 善柔，有便佞，损矣。” 论语季氏。Lau: The Master said, “He stands to benefit who takes pleasure in three kinds of things. Equally, he stands to lose who takes pleasure in three other kinds of things. To take pleasure in the correct regulation of the rites and music, in singing the praises of other mens goodness and in having a large number of excellent men as friends is to benefit. To take pleasure in showing off, in a dissolute life and in food and drink is to lose.” Gu: Confucius remarked, “There are three kinds of friendship which are beneficial and three kinds which are injurious. Friendship with upright men