曲阜翰林学校 成人教育英语重点难点.doc

曲阜翰林学校 成人教育英语重点难点Unit 1 Noise一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionscomplain traffic disturbance average inhabitant population enormously motorcycle pneumatic decibel approach discotheque unfortunately threaten establish mental observe enforce automobilist fine be fined for; up to; exposeto; keepfrom; point out; complain about; even so2. Word StudyREFER (referred, referred, referring) vi./vtvi. 1) 提到，谈及 2) 称.为 3) 涉及，适用于，指而言 4）查阅，参考vt. 1) 让去参阅 2) 把转至处理 3) 让向寻求帮助4) 让找看病 refer to 提到，谈及；涉及，适用于；查阅，参考 refer to sth/sb as称为refer sb to 让某人向寻求帮助； 让某人找看病JUDGEvi. 判断，断定 vt. 1）判断，断定 2）估计，认为 3) 鉴定，识别，评价 4) 作裁判、评委等judge between 判断(两个中)哪个更好judging by/from/to judge by/from 根据做出判断TRYvi. 试图，想要；努力，设法 vt. 1) 试图、想要(做)；努力、设法(做) 2 )试用，尝试 3) 审讯，审判 4) 折磨，伤害 5) 考验try for谋求，争取try on试穿、试戴等try ones best/hardest 尽最大努力try ones hand (at/in) 尝试做try out检验、试验二、难点强调句(cleft sentence)该结构是强调句中某一成分(但不能强调动词);被强调成分置于it is和连词that之间.It is sth/sb that/who连词that只有在表示人时才可以被who(whom)所代替，而使用where，when，why等连词以表示强调成分是时间、地点或原因，则被认为是错误；但在现代英语中，这种用法已被广泛接受。It was yesterday when I heard the bad news.我是昨天听到这个坏消息的。It was in the drawer where I found the key.我是在抽屉里找到钥匙的。Unit 2 Chemistry as a Natural Science一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionssystematize manageable interdependent exclusively pursue specialty evolve province organic analytical qualitative discipline entry quantitative literature annually thrive academic be concerned with; at times; break up into; grow into2. Word StudyWONDERvi. 感到惊异(讶)、疑惑vt. 1) 对感到奇怪、疑惑，想知道2) 对感到惊讶、好奇wonder about考虑、想起、疑惑 (想知道的人、事、物)wonder at对感到惊奇、惊讶LET (let, let, letting)vt. 1) 任某事发生、某人做，允许某事发生、某人做 2) 使某事发生、某人做 3) 使处于/进入(状态、位置等) 4) 用于祈使句 5) 出租let alone 更不用说letbe known 使人知晓letdown 失信；辜负，使失望let off 放过，从轻处理let slip 失言，不留神说出SEND (sent, sent, sending )vi. 1) 邮、寄(信等) 2) 要求去做vt. 1) 邮、寄、 (传)递(信等) 2) 派遣，送；送去做，派去做 3) 使发生，使做(所说之事)send someone packing 赶走、撵走某人send for 派人去请/找来send out 发出，放射出二、难点morethan这一结构是引出比较结构，就同一主语的不同方面进行比较，是对前者的肯定，对后者的否定，意为“与其说不如说”She is more of a poet than a musician.与其说她是个音乐家不如说她是个诗人。George is more intelligent than aggressive.与其说乔治言行放肆，不如说他聪颖过人。注意：这种结构中，形容词的比较级只能用more形式，而不能用er形式。Unit 3 International Finance一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionscomplication sheer coincidence tempura shop geisha sophisticated yen availability groceries unfettered assurance discourage reserve hoard monetary inadequate inevitably conflict collapse fault lay off be stuck with specialize in seek out work off work out deal with2. Word Studyseem vi./link v. I seem to know more about him than anyone else. The children seemed as if they were very tired. She seems (to be)an unusually clever girl. Hes 16, but he seems (to be) younger. Things are seldom as/how they seem. remain vi./link v. If you take 6 from 10, 4 remains. After the flood, nothing remained of the village One last point remained to be cleared up. This remains a secret. the fact remains that 事实仍然是 I know youre sorry now, but the remains that you shouldnt have hit your sister. It remains to be seem + wh-clause 尚无定论，尚待分晓 It remains to be seen who will win. 二、难点Writing skill 影响分析 1. pattern 1) The effects / influences / impacts / mark of sth. on our life / society are (is) positive/ negative/ profound/ far-reaching / a mixed one.（主题句）. 2) On the one hand, (分析I).3) (进一步阐述). 4） On the other, (分析II). 5) (进一步阐述). 6) On the whole,_ (分析III). 7)(进一步阐述). 8) Therefore, _(结尾句). Unit 4 S.O.S.一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionsexcessive obsessive telecast graphics glamorous commentator coverage appealing recognize distinctive confine ardent institution unique coach faculty array entourage oblong-shaped cheerleader focal atmosphere pageantry number badge pennant totem colors display statistics disadvantage overrepresent sociology psychology respectable scholarlyother than all walks of life associate.with an array of play a role in account forbear in mind2. Word Study1) spaciousness What I like about the house is its spaciousness all the rooms are so big and airy. 2) exterminate Once cockroaches get into a building, it is very difficult to exterminate them. 3) alien When I first went to New York, it all felt alien to me.4) ignorance Public ignorance about AIDS is still a cause for concern. 5) squander Ireland squandered several chances, including a penalty that cost them the game. 6) remedy The best remedy for grief is hard work. 7) ultimately Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week . 8) reverse She reversed the car into the parking space. 9) threaten The kiwi, a type of bird, is threatened with extinction. 10) preserve We must preserve the temple that was situated at top of the hill. 二、难点Writing skill 1. Heading (标题法) This device is helpful in making the text-structure clear. 2. 写作模式（分析建议类） 1) Much to our distress / delight / surprise, these years have seen the popularity / worsening / much improvement / a widespread neglect of sth. (议论的主题) in society. 2) According to a recent / official report / survey / opinion poll, .(佐证陈述) 3) If this current is allowed to run its course, things are bound to turn for the better / worse. (Para. 1) 4) The importance / harmfulness / significance of sth. to sb. / sth. else, (however), can be seen from the perspectives as follows. 5) In the first place, (分析I)6) In the second, . (分析II) 7) And above all, (分析III) 8) To sum up, . (归纳总结) (Para. 2) 9) So the most pressing for us / basic problem now is how to 10) In my opinion, the first step should be focused upon (建议I) 11) Then, greater efforts must be made to . (建议II) 12) In one word, where there is , there is (结论句) (Para. 3 Unit 5 Tokyo Goes Underground一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionsskyrocket basement gallery winding scarce item refreshment versatile stock furrier florist monitor alarm generator crew interfere municipal blueprint detour picket mole come to the conclusion; dig out; get around; line up; in case of; keep doing something; lose to 2. Word StudyHEARvt. 1) 听见，听到 + n. + n. + bare infinitive + n. + -ing + n. + -ed2）听说，得知 + n. + that-clause + wh-clause3) 注意听，听审 + n. + n. + bare infinitive + what-clausevi. 1) 听见，听到 2）听说，得知 hear about 听说，得知 hear from 1）从 听来，被告知 2）接到的信或电话hear of 1）听到说起 2）(will/would) not hear of 拒绝接受，拒绝考虑hear out 听人说完（在发言）DOUBTvt. 拿不准，有疑问，不确定，认为不可能 + n. + if/whether-clause + that-clause doubting Thomas 乱怀疑的人，疑心重的人doubt of 怀疑，对没信心PUTvi. （乘船）航海vt. 1）把放在、摆在、置于（某处、某位置、某方向）(+ adv./prep. phrase)2）写下，记下 (+ adv./prep. phrase)3）以言词表达、表述4）使处于某一明示状态、局面、境地等 + n. + adv./prep. phrase + n. + adj.5）使起作用，实施，施加6）（从比较中）判断、估计7）推（掷）铅球put an end/a stop to 使停止、结束put a face/a date/a name to 对上号put down 1) 减少，降低 2）平定，镇压put forward 提出，建议put in 做（工作），付出（努力），花费（时间）put off 推迟，拖延；推脱put oneself in someone elses place/position/shoes 设身处地地考虑put someone through 供上学put someone to 让感到，让做put (something) up 建造put (something) behind 忘掉不愉快put something down to experience 把当作经验教训put something about/around 散布，传播put something across/over 表达清楚并让人接受put something out 生产，制造put the clocks back/forward 把钟表拨慢/快put up 提供住处put up with 忍受，容忍二、难点 : 非限定性定语从句定语从句有限制性与非限制性两种。先行词是限制性定语从句不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，起补充说明作用，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号分开。英语重点、难点Unit 6 Two Caught Between Two Cultures一、学习重点1New Words and Expressionsraise salesgirl shock recognize elementary confusion uncomfortable inner association lessen coffee break oriental featuretear down; glance at; of concern to; keep something to oneself; take a back seat2. Word StudyCOMPAREvi. 1) 比较的异同 + n. + n. + with + n.2）把比作/比喻为，把和相提并论 + n. + n. + to + pare favorably 比好，比不差compare notes 交换意见/看法compare to/with 和比起来(not) compare with / (not) be compared with （不）能和相提并论/同日而语/相媲美STOPvi. 1）停止，停下来 2）停留，逗留vt. 1）停止，使停下来2）中断 3）阻止，阻拦 + n. + n. + (from) + -ing4）堵塞，阻塞stop at nothing (to do) 不择手段stop by/(a) round 顺便拜访/看望stop off 中途停留stop over 短暂停留 stop short of 决定罢手不（做，但险些做出）stop to 停下来做JOIN vi. 1) 和一起：参加，加入 2）成为（某组织）的一员：加入，参加3）临时参加（某活动）vt. 1）把连在一起，把接起来2）和一起：加入，参加3）成为（某组织）一员：参加，加入4）临时参加（某活动）join forces 联合，会师join hands 联手，携手join up 参军，入伍joined-up writing 连笔字二、难点Present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时主语 + have/has been + -ing1. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去2. 表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作3. 表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情英语重点、难点Unit 7 “The Space Race Is the Worlds Biggest Money Waster”1New Words and Expressionsflash neatly massive absurdity undertaking indistinguishable represent countless infinitely spectacular objective prestige magnificent age-old might know-how utilize layman expenditure negligible non-stick frying pan utterly overwhelming combat priorityat the same time; be supposed to; end up with; value for money; make out; in the name of; thanks to; deprive sb of sth; look after oneself2. Word StudyDEALvi. 1）经营，交易 2）发牌 3）卖毒品vt. 1）分配，分发 2）发牌 3）给打击deal in （打牌）把算在内deal with 1）对付，与打交道，处理 2）论述，与有关EXPECTvt. 1）预计，预料 2）要求，期望（相信某人会尽责） 3）揣测，认为THINKvi. 1）想，思考 2）想到，想起 3）预料，想到 4）认为vt. 1）想，思考，思索；相信，认为 2）想要，打算，考虑后决定（做） 3）设想，想象think better of 重新考虑（打消想法）think for oneself 独立思考，自己拿主意think highly （a lot，well，the world）of 对好评/评价高think long and hard/twice 三思，深思熟虑think not 不，认为不think nothing of 认为容易，轻视think over/through 仔细考虑，全面考虑who would have thought？/! 谁会想到呢？/!二、难点 无动词分句无动词分句（VERSLESS CLAUSE）是一种省略了主语和谓语动词的分句结构。这种结构通常出现在句首，也可出现在其他位置。它的被省略的主语通常也就是主句的主语；被省略的动词通常是连系动词be，因此无动词分句就其深层结构来说大多属于SVC句型。例如：Close to the urban areas，this farm mainly does market gardening A science reporter，Jim has a wide range of knowledge无动词分句，就其结构形式来说，分为以下三类：1)不带从属连词的无动词分句这类无动词分句通常只由形容词词组或名词词组构成。例如：Speechless，Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat Anxious for a quick decision，the chairman called for a vote2)带从属连词的无动词分句能引导无动词分句的从属连词有：when（ever），while，wherever，whetheror，although，though，as if，even if，once，unless，until，however，no matter what等。例如：When still a boy of six，Bob was sent away from homeAlthough a physicist by training，he became a great statesman Whether right or wrong，he always comes off worst in an argument这类无动词分句还可以是“从属连词+介词词组”，或者“从属连词+副词词组”。例如：When in Rome，do as the Romans do He spoke ungraciously if not rudely3)带有自身主语的无动词分句以上两类无动词分句均以主句主语作为自己的逻辑主语，从而不须表示出来。带主语的无动词分句便成为一种所谓的“独立结构”。例如：Two hundred people died in the accident，many of them children Miriam looked at Harry，his eyes full of doubt and discomfort带主语的无动词分句有时并不与主句的主语发生关系，而是与宾语发生关系。例如：She talked about her friends，all of them television stars I dont wish to describe his assertions，some of them offensive英语重点、难点Unit 8 Remote Sensing: From Image to Number1New Words and Expressionsremote sensing cite photography reconnaissance civil engineer survey advent model infrared (multi)spectral image-oriented capitalize (up)on pictorial numerically infancy dynamic portion utility alongside altitude satellite-borne bandturn to; refer toas; notbut; think ofas; even so; even though; capitalize (up)on2. Word StudyENTERvi. 1）进入（某处） 2）报名参加（比赛等） vt. 1）成为的一员 2）涉足；进入 3）被包括在之内；进入，出现于 4) 记入，写入，输入 5) 正式提出enter for 报名参加（比赛等）enter into 1）开始涉足于，开始做 2) 是的组成部分enter (up)on 开始（做）WARNvt. 警告，告诫，提醒，告诉warn about/of 提醒说，警告说warn against 提醒/警告要避开/避免warn off 命令不准再靠近RUNvi. 1) （奔）跑 2）（车、船等）开行，行驶 3) （机器等）运转，（工作等）进行 4）（流体）流，淌，滴；（衣物等上的颜色）散开 5）竞选 6）延伸，延续，持续vt. 1）奔跑（距离等） 2）使移动 3）开动，运行 4）经营，管理 5) （从水管）防水于 6）（在报纸、电视等）刊登，播放link v. 变得run a fever 发烧run