1定语从句(The Attributive Clause)仁爱英语九年级下的定语从句讲解与练习.doc

定语从句（The Attributive Clause）1， 做题时从从句入手，看从句是否缺少主语、宾语。如果是用关系代词who/that/which如果不缺少主语、宾语，用关系副词when/where/why2， When=in/on/at/to/of+whichWhere= in/on/at/to/of+whichWhy=for+which3,whose前后名词或代词有从属关系，即。的4，who/whom/that/which做宾语可省略定语从句的构成The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语)The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.The boy who has a round face is TomThe boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）eg: 1) The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown. 2) The boy who we saw yesterday is Jack. 3) He is the boy who I went to school with. 4) The man who I talked with is our teacher 5) A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略)1) The man whom you are going to visit is a famous writer.2) Have you met the person whom he was speaking about? 3) The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.3. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 的eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 3) They helped the man whose car had broken. 4) He lives in the house whose windows open to south. 5) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.4. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) eg: 1) These are the trees which were planted last year.2) This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. 3) Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?5. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）eg: 1) A plane is a machine that can fly.2) He is the man (that) I told you about.3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jims sister.5) The cakes (that) I cooked were delicious.考点一：介词的提前若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前构成介词+引导词的形式Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li.注意这时引导词指人只能用whom，指物只能用which如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前eg: 1) He is the man who I am looking for.2) He is the man who I am looking after.3) He is the man who I am looking at.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _without_ which we cant live.2. The student _about_ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _on_ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _for_ which he hasnt turned up yet?Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 的eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 3) They helped the man whose car had broken. 4) He lives in the house whose windows open to south. 5) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.that和which的区别以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that5.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./ C.which D.it 6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 只用which，不用that的情况：a. 引导词前有介词时；b.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.c.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？When：eg: 1) Ill never forget the day when / on which I first went to Beijing.2) Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?试比较：I will never forget the year which we spent together.I will never forget the year in which when we work together.where1) Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it2) This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked.试比较：This is the factory which I visited yesterday.This is the factory to which where I paid a visit.whyThis is the reason why / for which he didnt come to the meeting.试比较：This is the reason why he was late.This is the reason which that he gave to me挑战高难度！n 1. Is this the place _ you were born?n A. which B.where C.what D.thatn 2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?n A. which B.where C.what D. whyn 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.n A. which B.where C.what D.thatn 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.n A. that B.where C.what D. whyn 5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.n A. why; whyn B. why; whichn C. that; whyn D. which; why1.Have you visited the house _ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which2.Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when3.I shall never forget those days _I lived in the country with the farmers. A.that. B.when. C.which. D.where.5. After living in Paris for fifties years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when6.The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that far-away village A.until B.that C.when D.where2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anythingWhat you want has been sent here.Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。I think (that) you will like the stamps.What we need is more practice.关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。 (错)We depend on the land from which we get our food.（对）We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种： 一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如： 1误：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正：Some of the boys I invited didnt come 译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。 析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。 2误：The book that you need it is in the library 正：The book that you need is in the library 译：你需要的书在图书馆里。 析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。 二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如： 1误：Anyone who break the law will be punished 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。 析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。 2误：Those who has finished may go home 正：Those who have finished may go home 译：做完了的人现在可以回家。 析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。 3误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。 析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰 的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。 4误：This is one of the rooms that is free now 正：This is one of the rooms that are free now 译：这是目前空着的房间之一。 析：应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。 三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如： 1误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。 析：应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。 2误：The key opens the bike is missing 正：The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing 译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。 析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。 四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如： 1误：The house where he lives in needs repairing 正：The house where he lives needs repairing 或：The house he lives in needs repairing 译：他住的房子需要修理。 析：应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。2误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing 译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。 析：应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which。 五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 1误：I still remember the day when we spent together 正：I still remember the day thatwhich we spent together 译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。 析：应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。 2误：This is the house where we lived in last year 正：This is the house whichthat we lived in last year 译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。 析：应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。 六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如： 1误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？ 正：Have you asked her for the reason thatwhich may explain her absence？ 译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？ 析：应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。 2误：I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late 正：I dont believe the reason thatwhich he has given for his being late 译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。 析：应改why为that或which，因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语 。 七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如： 1误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out 正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out 译：大火发生在厨房。 析：应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。 2误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come？ 正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didnt come？ 译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？ 析：应将when改为that，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night，you didnt come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。定语从句真题精选1. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 4. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose 7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 11. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where 13. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. that 14. I like writers _ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 15. There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.And most of them are college students. A. which B. when C. whose D. who 16. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 17. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where 18. What kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can sing along with. A. who B. that C. what 19. He is the only student _ plays table tennis better than Jim.A. why B. where C. who D. which 20. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study happily.A. where B. when C. which 附：2008年中考定语从句真题精选答案15 AABAA 610 BADAC 1115 BACDD 1620 AABCA历届中考定语从句单项选择题集锦1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. whichB. whatC. asD. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at whichB. on thatC. in whichD. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. （同位语从句） A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. （宾语从句） A. all whichB. thatC. all thatD. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. asB. thatC. whichD. what （the sameas, asas, not as(so)as suchas固定搭配）12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. （非限定性定语从句） A. whichB. itC. thatD. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. l