2010年成考高起点英语误用辨析.doc

2010年成人高考高起点英语代词误用辨析1.中文：伦敦的夏天比我家乡的夏天更热。 (误)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown.(正)It is much hotter in London in summer than in my hometown.(用it代表气候，天气等。)2.中文：他的书跟我的很不一样。(误)His book is quite different from me.(正)His book is quite different from mine.(mine = my book，应保持比较的双方性质一致。)3.中文：我有件重要的事告诉你。(误)I have important something to tell you.(正)I have something important to tell you.(修饰something，nothing，anything等不定代词时，形容词应放在其后。)4.中文：每个学生都应该做他自己的功课。(误)Every student should do their own homework.(正)Every student should do his own homework.(every student是单数，其后的代词也用单数。)5.中文：我喜欢收到别人的来信，但不愿意写信。(误)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it.(正)I like to receive letters but do not like to write them.(代词的人称与数应与它代替的名词相同。)6.中文：孩子们和他都还没有吃晚餐。(误)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper.(正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper.(neithernor是对等相关连词，nor后面的主语决定后面的谓语动词及代词的形式。)7.中文：布朗太太向她的朋友玛丽和我打招呼。(误)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends， Mary and I.(正)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends， Mary and me.(Mary and me是宾语friends的同位语，因此用宾格形式。)8.中文：我的两个姊姊都不在这。(误)None of my two sisters is here.(正)Neither of my two sisters is here.(neither用于两者的否定;none用于三者以上的否定。)9.中文：他认识我的两个姊姊。(误)He knows my both sisters.(正)He knows both my sisters.(both用在the，his，my等修饰语之前。)10.中文：这本书的价格是多少?(误)How much is the price of the book?(正)What is the price of the book?(对价格提问用what，没有price一词时用how much.)11.中文：我有一本新字典还有几本旧的。(误)I have a new dictionary and several old one.(正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones.(代替前面提到过的可数名词，复数要用ones.)12.中文：安迪，保罗和我共唱一首歌。(误)I， Andy and Paul sang a song together.(正)Andy， Paul and I sang a song together.(有多个主语或宾语时，I或me在最后。)13.中文：他们很了解我们中国人。(误)They know our Chinese well.(正)They know us Chinese well.(Chinese为宾语us的同位语。)14.中文：说好英语不容易。(误)That is not easy to speak good English.(正)It is not easy to speak good English.(it当形式主语，代替不定式。)2010年成考高起点英语所有格误用辨析1.中文：你做完功课了吗?(误)Have you done homework?(正)Have you done your homework?(表示做功课用do ones homework.)2.中文：那些是我们老师的一些书。(误)Those are some books of our teacher.(正)Those are some books of our teachers.(应用双重所有格形式。)3.中文：这是我弟弟约翰的书。(误)This is my brother John book.(正)This is my brother Johns book.(John是brother的同位语，John的书用Johns book.)4.中文：警察抓住了他的胳膊。(误)The policemen caught him by his arm.(正)The policemen caught him by the arm.(抓住身上某个部位用the，不用代词的所有格。)5.中文：一个十岁的孩子(误)a ten years old child(误)a child of ten year old(误)a ten year old child(误)a ten-years-old child(正)a ten-year-old child2010年成考高起点英语形容词误用辨析1.中文：他是两者中较高的。(误)He is taller of the two.(正)He is the taller of the two.(比较级+of the two，前面要加the.)2.中文：汤姆是我们学校里最年轻的。(误)Tom is youngest in our school.(正)Tom is the youngest in our school.(形容词的最高级前面要加the.)3.中文：他是所有人中最强壮的。(误)He is the strongest in all.(正)He is the strongest of all.(在同类中最的，用介词of.)4.中文：我的房子跟约翰的一样大。(误)My house is so large as Johns.(正)My house is as large as Johns.(肯定形式用as+原级形容词+as+主格。)5.中文：汤姆比我年轻。(误)Tom is less older than I am.(正)Tom is less old than I am.(less+原级形容词+than.)6.中文：他是班上个子最高的。(误)He is taller than any boy in his class.(正)He is taller than any other boy in his class.(使用比较级时，应避免与自己比，any boy括他自己。)7.中文：事态每况愈下。(误)Things go from worse to worse.(正)Things go from bad to worse.(from bad to worse = 每况愈下，越来越糟。)8.中文：多数人喜爱音乐。(误)The most people are fond of music.(正)Most people are fond of music.(Most泛指大多数，前面不加the.)9.中文：他至少遗失了一万元。(误)He has lost not fewer than ten thousand dollars.(正)He has lost not less than ten thousand dollars.(not less than=more than，at least，表示至少。)10.中文：他们听得越久，就越不喜欢他。(误)The longer they listen to him， the little they like him.(正)The longer they listen to him， the less they like him.(the+比较级，the+比较级表示两者的同步增长。)2010年成考高起点英语副词误用辨析1.中文：这块石头太大了没人能举起它。(误)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副词，修饰形容词，形式是so+形容词+a+单数可数名词。)2.中文：这花多美啊!(误)What beautiful the flower is!(正)How beautiful the flower is!(how用来修饰副词或形容词，而what用来修饰名词。)3.中文：这工作永远不会被完成。(误)This job will be never finished.(正)This job will never be finished.(频率副词在第一个助动词后。)4.中文：我的弟弟比我高多了。(误)My brother is very taller than I.(正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修饰比较级;much可以修饰比较级。)5.中文：我想我七点会在餐厅里见到她。(误)I think Ill meet her at 7：00 at the restaurant.(正)I think Ill meet her at the restaurant at 7：00.(地方副词在时间副词前。)6.中文：这房间对你够大的。(误)This room is enough large for you.(正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副词，在被修饰的形容词后。)7.中文：我也不能做它。(误)I cannot do it too.(正)I cannot do it either.(either用于否定句;too用于肯定句。)8.中文：他每天早起。(误)He gets up early everyday.(正)He gets up early every day.(every day是时间副词;everyday是形容词。)9.中文：我要下楼去。(误)Im going to downstairs.(正)Im going downstairs.(downstairs是副词，前面不加介词。)10.中文：你的故事很有趣。(误)Your story is the most interesting.(正)Your story is most interesting.(most不用于比较，而用作加强语气，不加the.)11.中文：我两年前见过他。(误)I met him two years before.(正)I met him two years ago.(表示一段时间以前，ago用于一般过去时;before用于过去完成时。)12.中文：他们昨天晚上回来得晚。(误)They came back lately last night.(正)They came back late last night.(lately(最近)，late(晚，迟)，都是副词。)2010年成考高起点英语连词误用辨析1.中文：他既不说英语也不说法语。(误)He neither speaks English nor French.(正)He speaks neither English nor French.(eitheror，not onlybut also等对等相关连词所连接的部份应是相同词性或起相同作用。)2.中文：由于今天感觉不适，我决定待在家里。(误)For I did not feel well today， decided to stay at home.(正)I decided to stay at home for I did not feel well today.(对等连词for连接两个对等的句子时不可放在句首。)3.中文：不是你错了就是我错了。(误)Either you or I are wrong.(正)Either you or I am wrong.(在含有eitheror的句子中，谓语动词的数由较近的主语决定。)4.中文：虽然他很富有，但他并不快乐。(误)Although he is very rich， but he is not happy.(正)Although he is very rich， he is not happy.(though或although放在字句首时，本身就具有虽然但是的意思，不可和but连用。)5.中文：我从来没有去过伦敦和巴黎。(误)I have never been to London and Paris.(正)I have never been to London or Paris.(在否定句中，对等连词一般不用and，而用or.)6.中文：他向我道歉我才跟他说话。(误)I shall speak to him until he apologizes.(正)I shant speak to him until he apologizes.(notuntil表示到时候才，在此句中speak的动作要等到他道歉时才发生。)7.中文：因为我想学英语，所以我买了一本字典。(误)Because I wanted to learn English， so I bought a dictionary.(正)Because I wanted to learn English， I bought a dictionary.(because本身就具有因为所以的意思，不可再和so连用。)2010年成人高考高起点英语介词误用辨析1.中文：琼斯先生住在皇后街十号。(误)Mr. Jones lives on 10 Queen Street.(正)Mr. Jones lives at 10 Queen Street.(at+门牌号，on+街道名称;两者同时出现以门牌号码为准。)2.中文：他喜欢在太阳下坐着。(误)He likes to sit under the sun.(正)He likes to sit in the sun.(在太阳下用介词in.)3.中文：面包是由麦子制成的。(误)Bread is made of wheat.(正)Bread is made from wheat.(由制成，of用于成品保持原有性质;from用于成品不再保持原有性质。)4.中文：每个人都知道他。(误)He is known by everyone.(正)He is known to everyone.(be known to是习惯用法，表示为所熟知。)5.中文：我们有麻烦。(误)We are with trouble.(正)We are in trouble.(有麻烦用in trouble.)6.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。(误)He will go to America in July 5.(正)He will go to America on July 5.(on与某一天连用。)7.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。(误)He left home in the morning of 11th.(正)He left home on the morning of 11th.(morning和某日连用时用on.)8.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。(误)He was angry with what I said.(正)He was angry at what I said.(表示因某事生气介词用at或about，对某人生气用with.)9.中文：他藏在一棵树后。(误)He hid himself after a tree.(正)He hid himself behind a tree.(after表顺序，behind表位置。)10.中文：在老师的帮助下你会通过考试。(误)You may pass the exam under the help of the teacher.(正)You may pass the exam with the help of the teacher.(在某人的帮助下用with.)11.中文：我父亲对我说玩火危险。(误)My father said to me that it was dangerous to play fire.(正)My father said to me that it was dangerous to play with fire.(play后接运动，球类比赛时是及物动词;后接玩的东西时是不及物动词，与with连用。)12.中文：你真的看见那个年轻人打我弟弟的脸了吗?(误)Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face?(正)Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face?(打在脸上用in the face;打在鼻子上用on the nose.)13.中文：就她的年龄而言，她看上去很年轻。(误)She looks quite young in her age.(正)She looks quite young for her age.(for表示就而论，相当于considering.)14.中文：在夜晚很安静。(误)It is quiet at the night.(正)It is quiet at night.(表示在夜晚用at night或in the night.)2010年成考高起点英语主谓一致误用辨析1.中文：桌上有几本小说。(误)There is some novels on the table.(正)There are some novels on the table.(主语some novels是复数，谓语动词要用复数。)2.中文：他的裤子是新的。(误)His trousers is new.(正)His trousers are new.(主语trousers是复数，谓语动词用复数。)3.中文：学外语花去我们很多时间。(误)Learning foreign languages take us a lot of time.(正)Learning foreign languages takes us lots of time.(动名词当主语时，谓语动词用单数。)4.中文：在两座建筑物之间有一面墙。(误)Between the two buildings stand a wall.(正)Between the two buildings stands a wall.(主语是a wall，正常语序是A wall stands between the two buildings.)5.中文：桌上有一盒鸡蛋。(误)A box of eggs are on the table.(正)A box of eggs is on the table.(主语a box是单数，谓语动词用单数。)6.中文：我的朋友们来了。(误)Here comes my friends.(正)Here come my friends.(主语my friends是复数，谓语动词用复数，本句的一般语序是My friends come here.。)7.中文：咖啡加牛奶是她最喜欢的饮料。(误)Coffee and milk are her favourite drink.(正)Coffee and milk is her favourite drink.(coffee and milk习惯上被视为一个整体，是单数，谓语动词用单数。)8.中文：他的一家人都喜爱音乐。(误)His family is fond of music.(正)His family are fond of music.(集合名词family在本句是指全家人，是复数，谓语动词用复数。)9.中文：他们每个人有一本字典。(误)They each has a dictionary.(正)They each have a dictionary.(主语they是复数，谓语动词用复数，each是修饰语。)10.中文：许多学生对英语感兴趣。(误)Many a student are interested in English.(正)Many a student is interested in English.(many a+可数名词的单数形式，虽然表示复数的意义，但被看作单数主语，谓语动词用单数。)2010年成考高起点英语被动语态误用辨析1.中文：他们结婚两年了。(误)They have married for two years.(正)They have been married for two years.(表示已婚状态的持续，要用完成时的被动式。)2.中文：他被所有学生嘲笑。(误)He was laughed by all the pupils.(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物动词+介词=及物动词，变被动语态时介词不能省略。)3.中文：英语难学。(误)English is difficult to be learned.(正)English is difficult to learn.(英语难学=学英语难，也可说Its difficult to learn English.原句的主语实际上是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式要用主动形式。)4.中文：汤姆问我这些岛屿是否属于美国。(误)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.(正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.5.中文：中国发生了很大变化。(误)Great changes have been taken place in China.(正)Great changes have taken place in China.6.中文：战争于一九三七年爆发。(误)The war was broken out in 1937.(正)The war broke out in 1937.(take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。)7.中文：我看不清黑板。也许你需要检查你的眼睛。(误)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.(正)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被别人，通常使用have或get+物+过去分词表示。)8.中文：他命令马上开始工作。(误)He ordered the work to start at once.(正)He ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作宾语补语时，若与宾语是被动关系，要用不定式的被动形式。)9.中文：他试图不介入政治。(误)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.(正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系动词，可代替be，后接过去分词表示被动，have无此功能。)10.中文：据说他很富有。(误)They say him to have been rich.(正)He is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式，但它的被动语态后可接不定式。)11.中文：那人被认为是个傻子。(误)The man thought to be a fool.(正)The man was thought to be a fool.(主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者，用被动语态。)2010年成考高起点英语动名词误用辨析1.中文：我把给她打过电话的事全忘了。(误)I forgot all about to telephone her.(正)I forgot all about telephoning her.(介词后不能接不定式，只能接动名词。)2.中文：你介意我在这里吸烟吗?(误)Would you mind for my smoking here?(正)Would you mind my smoking here?(在前一句中mind后可接me for smoking here，表示相同的意思。)3.中文：史密斯一家在考虑搬往芝加哥。(误)The Smiths are considering to move to Chicago.(正)The Smiths are considering moving to Chicago.(consider后不能接不定式，要接动名词。)4.中文：我习惯于去海滩。(误)I am used to go to the beach.(正)I am used to going to the beach.(be used to中的to是介词，后接动名词;used to后接原形动词。)2010年成考高起点英语分词误用辨析1.中文：他理发了。(误)He had his hair to be cut.(正)He had his hair cut.(have，get+宾语+过去分词表示使被。)2.中文：他喜欢喝凉开水。(误)He likes to drink boiling water.(正)He likes to drink boiled water.(现在分词表示主动，boiling water指正在沸腾的水;过去分词表示完成，boiled water指沸腾过的水。)3.中文：由于做饭，他看上去累了。(误)He looked tiring with cooking.(正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的，tired表示人被弄疲倦了。)4.中文：我不能让别人明白我的意思。(误)I couldnt make myself understand.(正)I couldnt make myself understood.(过去分词表示被动，make myself understood表示使我被别人明白。)5.中文：昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。 (误)I was walking to school yesterday morning， I met a friend of mine. (正)Walking to school yesterday morning， I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句分词构句表时间。)6.中文：假期结束了，约翰返回了学校。 (误)The vacation was over， John returned to school. (正)The vacation being over， John returned to school.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句独立分词构句表时间。)7.中文：戴帽子的工人躺在地上。 (误)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground.(正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.(带帽子是主动行动，要用现在分词wearing a hat表示。)8.中文：小女孩站在那里哭了。(误)The little girl stood there cried.(正)The little girl stood there crying.(哭是主语the little girl发出的行动，要用现在分词crying表示。)9.中文：天气好，我们今天要去郊游。(误)Being fine， well go outing today.(正)It being fine， well go outing today.(前一句错在分词构句所表示的动作不是主句的主语发出的;后一句加上表示气候的It作逻辑主语，构成独立分词构句表原因。)2010年成考高起点英语不定式误用辨析1.中文：为了准时，我们加快了步伐。(误)So as to be in time we hurried.(正)In order to be in time we hurried.(so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。)2.中文：你说这些话真傻。(误)Its very foolish for you to say so.(正)Its very foolish of you to say so.(表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时，介词要用of.)3.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?(误)Didnt you ask them to never do that?(正)Didnt you ask them never to do that?(never要放在to之前。)4.中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?(误)Here is a new book for you to read it.(正)Here is a new book for you to read.(作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语，实际上就是它所修饰的new book，其后不可再加宾语。)5.中文：他够年龄，可以上学了。(误)He is old enough so that he can go to school.(正)He is old enough to go to school.(形容词+enough+不定式表示足够而可。)6.中文：他太好了，寄给我许多书。(误)He was so good to send me a lot of books.(正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.(soas to表示如此以致。)7.中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。(误)You had better not to go out in the rain.(正)You had better not go out in the rain.(had better(not)后接原形不定式。)8.中文：你喜欢听别人谈话吗?(误)Do you like listening to others to talk?(正)Do you like listening to others talk?(感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。)2010年成考高起点英语虚拟语气误用辨析1.中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。(误)I shouldnt do that if I was you.(正)I shouldnt do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was，只能用were.)2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。(误)If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.(正)If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的助动词只能用would，might等过去时。)3.中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。(误)If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.(正)If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)4.中文：要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。(误)If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.(正)If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might，could等+HAVE+过去分词。)5.中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。(误)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.(正)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)6.中文：他要是带了钱就会买它。(误)Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.(正)Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时，若省略if，则用倒装形式。)7.中文：她要是个男人可能会当选总统。(误)Be she a man， she might be elected president.(正)Were she a man， she might be elected president.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，不能用was，只能用were;若省略if，则将were放在句首。)8.中文：我提议提高教师的薪资。(误)I suggested that the teachers wages could be increased.(正)I suggested that the teachers wages should be increased.(suggest当建议讲时，后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词，should可以省略。)9.中文：他这么做是重要的。(误)It is important that he will do it.(正)It is important that he do it.(It is important+that引导的名词从句的动词要用should加原形动词，should可以省略。)2010年成考高起点英语助动词误用辨析1.中文：我习惯于早起。(误)I am used to get up early.(正)I am used to getting up early.(get，become或be used to中的to是介词，后接动名词。)2.中文：他过去常常在星期天来约我。(误)He used to calling on me on Sundays.(正)He used to call on me on Sundays.(used to+原形动词，表示过去常常。)3.中文：A：我必须去吗?B：不，你不必了。(误)A： Must I go? B： No， you mustnt.(正)A： Must I go? B： No， you neednt.(mustnt表示不许，neednt表示不必，以MUST开始的一般疑问句，否定回答用neednt.)4.中文：我今天下午想和你一起去游泳。(误)I will like to go swimming with you this afternoon.(正)I would like to go swimming with you this afternoon.(would like是习惯搭配，后接不定式，表示愿意做某事。)5.中文：他前天可能说这些吗?(误)Must he have said so the day before yesterday?(MUST用于推测时表示一定，准是，只用于肯定句。)(正)Can he have said so the day before yesterday?(CAN用于怀疑，推测时表示可能，用于疑问句和否定句。)2010年成考高起点英语虚拟语气误用辨析1.中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。(误)I shouldnt do that if I was you.(正)I shouldnt do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was，只能用were.)2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。(误)If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do.(正)If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的助动词只能用would，might等过去时。)3.中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。(误)If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her.(正)If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)4.中文：要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。(误)If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.(正)If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might，could等+HAVE+过去分词。)5.中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。(误)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again.(正)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)6.中文：他要是带了钱就会买它。(误)Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it.(正)Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时，若省略if，则用倒装形式。)7.中文：她要是个男人可能会当选总统。(误)Be she a man， she might be elected president.(正)Were