高中英语语法情态动词专题练习.doc

模块四语法重点 情态动词 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must (must), have to, shall (should), will (would), need (need), dare (dared), ought to. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能独立使用。它与其后边的动词原形构成谓语。 （一）can 和could的用法 1.表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。 Can you finish this work tonight? Man cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can. 注意：1）could也可表示请求，语气较委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can。 Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (否定答语可用：No, Im afraid not.) 2）can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 但当我们要表示“某件事已成功”时，应用“was (were) able to”,而不能用“could”. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening and he enjoyed himself very much. 2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。） Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. （二）may和might的用法。 1. 表示许可。表示请求，允许时，might比may的语气委婉。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt, 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。 Might I use your pen? No, you mustnt. May I take this book out? Yes, you can. / No, you cant(mustnt). 2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3. 表示推测、可能（不用于疑问句）。 He may be very busy now. （三）must和have to的用法。 1.表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to. Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to. (You neednt.) 2. “must be +表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must. This must be your pen. 3. must和have to表示“必须”时，意思很相似，但有下列几点区别应注意: 1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。比较： The play is not interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. 2) must一般只表现在，have to则有更多的时态形式。 3) must可以表示推断，而have to则不能。 4)询问对方的意愿时应用must. Must I clean all the rooms? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 5)二者的否定意义大不相同，must not表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告，意为“绝不可以”、“不准”、“不允许”。dont have to意为“不必”。比较： You mustnt go.你决不可去。 You dont have to go.你不必去。 （四）dare和need的用法。 1. dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。 How dare you say Im unfair! He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 2. need表示“需要”或“必须”，做情态动词用时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, 或should代替。 You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today?- Yes, you must. 3. dare和need常用作实意动词，又时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，做实意动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare 后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer.Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dared (to) say that. He need to finish it this evening. （五）shall和should的用法。 1. shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。 What shall we do this evening? 2. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 Shall we begin our lesson? When shall we be able to leave the hospital? 3. shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work harder.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺) He shall be punished. (威胁) 4. should表示劝告、建议、命令。其同义词是ought to.在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to. You should go to class right away. Should I open the window? （六）will和would的用法 1.表示请求，建议等，would比will委婉客气。 Would you pass me the book? 2.表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never so that again. They asked us if we would do that again. 3. would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week. 4.表示估计或猜想。 It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. （七）ought to 的用法 1. ought to表示“应该”（和should 差不多，只是口气稍重一些），无人称或时态变化。 You ought to take care of him. 注意：在美国英语中，ought to 用于否定和疑问句时，to可以省略。 Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much. 2.表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别： He may not have finished the work. He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定) This is where the oil must be. (比较直率) This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) （八）“情态动词+不定式完成式”的用法 1. “can (could)+不定式的完成式”的肯定式表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。 You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 2. “may (might)+不定式的完成式”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。 He may not have finished the work. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. Might所表示的可能性比may弱，语气较委婉。 3. “must+不定式的完成式”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”。它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must. You must have seen the film The Gold Rush. He must have been to Shanghai. 4. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。 You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 注意：didnt need to (have to)do指“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。 I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it. 5. “should +不定式的完成式”表示本应该做到而实际上没有做到。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 You should have started earlier, but you didnt. She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work by now.(表推测) 6. “will+不定式的完成式”表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。 He will have arrived by now. 7. “ought to+不定式的完成式”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。 You ought to have helped him (but you didnt). 这时，ought to与should可以互相换用。 （九）used to, had better, would rather的用法 1. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态（现在已不复存在），在间接引语中，其形式可不变。 He told us he used to play football when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句，否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式： 疑问句Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother 否定句 I usednt to go there. I didnt use to go there. Usednt 亦可拼作usent。 否定疑问句：Usent you to be interested in the theatre? Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反义疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式： She used to be very fat, didnt she? use(d)nt she Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ Yes, I used to. 2. had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。 We had better go now. Hadnt we better stop now? ( Had we better not stop now?) I think Id better be going. (用于进行时态，表示“最好立即”。) You had better have done that. (用于完成时态，表示未完成动作。) 3. would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。 Id rather do it right away.(接动词原形，指现在或将来) Id rather not have told her the news.(接不定式完成式，指过去) 由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than. I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.1.A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cantB. couldntC. may notD. might not2.-Could borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course you _.A. mightB. willC. canD. should3.-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do yourself?A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather4.Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told5.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will6.Shall I tell John about it?No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt7.Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A. I dontB. I wontC. I cantD. I havent8.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey.A. cant beB. shouldnt beC.mustnt have beenD.couldnthave been9.Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can10.Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; shouldnt11.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to12.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They _ be ready by 12:00.A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need13.The new airport _ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed14.I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken15.One ought _ for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. not be punished16.That young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should17.Children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television.A. used to read; enjoyingB. used to read; enjoyedC. were used to reading; enjoyD. were used to read; enjoying18.If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not; be smokingB. not; have smokedC. not; to; smokeD. be not; smoking19.Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. needntB. cantC. shouldD. may20.Susan _ written a report like this.A. can haveB. mustnt haveC. cant haveD. ought to not have21.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not dare sayD. dared say22.When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might23.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said24.Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. oughtnt toB. cantC. wontD. neednt25.Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrived.C. cant have arrivedD. need not have arrived26.-I dont mind telling you what I know.-You _ Im not asking you for it.A. mustntB. may notC. cantD. neednt27.-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustntB. I cantC. I needntD. I wont28.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might29.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave30.-Is John coming by train?-He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may31.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. shouldB. canC. mustD. will32.I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A. shouldB. mayC. willD. can33.You _ be tired-youve only be