人教版必修五Unit 1 Great Scientists language points学案（二）.docx

unit 1 great scientists langauge points学案1. cureneither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(教材p2)n.治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；对策；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等)a cure for.的治愈方法cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为she tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她的孩子的这个恶习。when i left hospital，i was completely cured.出院时，我已经痊愈了。【易混辨析】cure/treat(1)cure意为“治愈”，侧重“治疗”的结果，可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，常 指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等。(2)treat意为“治疗”，强调“治疗”的动作，可构成treat sb. for sth.。【联想助记】请想一想，你还学过哪些“动词sb.ofsth.”结构？请根据提示完成下列短语。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人的某物inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事cheat sb.of sth. 欺骗某人某事【跟踪典例】(1)用cure/treat的正确形式填空this medicine him of his cough.which doctor is you for your disease?(2)单句语法填空there is still no cure the common cold.he needed surgery (cure) a troublesome back injury.the fresh air and exercise cured him his headache.【答案】（1）cured treating（2）forto cureof2. challenge john snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. 约翰斯诺想要面对这一挑战，并解决这一难题。(教材p2)(1)n. c，u 挑战。常见搭配：face/meet the challenge面临/面对挑战accept/take up a challenge接受挑战to prevent haze from happening frequently is a great challenge for most cities in china.对于中国的大部分城市来说，阻止雾霾天气的频繁发生是一项巨大的挑战。(2) vt. 向挑战。常见搭配：challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事challenge sb to do sth向某人挑战做某事mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。【特别注意】 challenge本身已含向/对的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。如：向某人挑战【跟踪典例】完成句子1. he _ _ _ to a tv debate.他接受了电视辩论的挑战。2. mr. wang _ _ _ _ another tennis game.王先生向我挑战再打一场网球比赛。【答案】1.accepted a challenge2.challenged me to play3. absorbthe second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(教材p2)vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并plants can absorb nutrients from the soil. 植物能从土壤中吸收养分。she absorbed everything in the book. 她把书里的知识都掌握了。look，they are absorbing themselves in the experiment in the lab. 看，他们正在实验室里专心做实验。【拓展延伸】(1)o.把吸收进absorb.from. 从中吸收absorb oneself in. 全神贯注于absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人的注意(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于(3)be absorbed in(doing)sth.put ones heart into(doing)sth.be buried in(doing)sth.fix ones attention on.专心于(做)某事，全神贯注于(做)某事【跟踪典例】句型转换when we came in，the old man absorbed himself in reading a book.when we came in，the old man reading a book.(absorbed adj.)because he was absorbed in his work，he simply forgot food and sleep. ，he simply forgot food and sleep.(过去分词短语作状语)21教育网【答案】was absorbed inabsorbed in his work4. suspectjohn snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. 斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。(教材p2)vt.怀疑；认为n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspect that.怀疑；觉得suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb.to be. 怀疑某人是never employ the man you suspect，nor suspect the man you employ. 谚语疑人不用，用人不疑。i suspect the child of lying. 我怀疑那个孩子说谎。the police couldnt prove the suspects guilt. 警察不能证实嫌疑犯的罪行。【名师点津】 suspect不能用于进行时态。【跟踪典例】用suspect适当的形式及短语填空the police _ him _ the murderer.people suspect him _the car.we _ he is the thief.【答案】suspected；to beof stealingsuspect that5. blameit seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(教材p2)vt.责备；谴责nu过失；责备blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而责备某人be to blame(for.)(因某事)应受责备；(为)应承担责任blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人i blamed the young man for the failure of the talks.我为谈判失败而责备这个年轻人。we cannot blame the accident on the weather.我们不能把这起事故归咎于天气。its all my fault.im to blame.这都是我的错，都怪我。he took the blame for the mistake.他承担这个错误的责任。【名师点津】be to blame(for.)中的to blame是主动形式，但表示被动意义。【跟踪典例】完成句子either he or i _.该受责备的不是他就是我。you shouldnt _ john _ the failure.you shouldnt _ the failure _ john.你们不应该把这次失败怪在约翰头上。many children are afraid of _ making mistakes in speaking english.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。i am ready to _ for what i said.我已准备好对我所说的负责。dont always _your own failure _ others.sometimes you yourself _.不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该怪你自己。【答案】am to blameblame；for；blame；onbeing blamed fortake the blameblame；on；take the blame6. announcewith this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。(教材p3)vt.宣布；通告announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事announce that.宣布it is announced that.据宣布they announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。it is announced that she is going to japan next week.据悉下个星期她要去日本。【名师点津】(1)announce后不能直接接双宾语，它的宾语是被宣布的内容，而不是听取宣布的人，表示“向某人宣布某事”应该说announce sth.to sb.或announce to sb.sth.。(2)announce后既可接名词，也可接从句，但是不能直接接不定式。【拓展延伸】announcement n公告，布告，通告announcer n广播员；播音员make an announcement 宣布；下通知【跟踪典例】完成句子the teacher _ there would be no school tomorrow.老师通知说明天没有课。the spokesman of the foreign ministry _.the spokesman of the foreign ministry _.外交部发言人向记者发布了新闻。the government _that they would pay their debt.(announcement)政府宣布他们将偿还债务。before the hostess _，she asked the audience to calm down.在主持人即将宣布获奖者时，她要求观众安静。6. instructthe water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。(教材p3)vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb. to do sth.命令/指示某人做某事instruct sb. in (doing) sth.给某人讲授某方面的知识；指导某人(做)某事instruct (sb.) wh- to do sth.教(某人)做某事he instructs a class in history.他教授一个班的历史。i have been instructed when to start.我已得到何时出发的通知。【拓展延伸】instruction n.教授；指导；指示；(pl.)用法说明(书)，操作指南under instruction在指导下instructive adj.说明性的；指示性的；有教育意义的注意：instruction作“指导；讲授；教育”讲时，为不可数名词，其后常与介词in搭配；复数instructions表示“操作指南；用法说明”，其后常与介词on，for或about连用。【跟踪典例】(1)单句语法填空i gave them (instruct) to finish it before dark. his instruction