人教版选修七Unit 2 Robots grammar课时作业 (2).doc

unit 2 robots grammar课时作业第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c、和d)中，选出最佳选项。athere is a common, usually round object that you can see every day and it appears in many expressionsbuttons! buttons, which are made of metal or plastic, are found on all sorts of clothing. they fasten or connect one piece of clothing to another to make sure your clothes dont fall off.to be cute as a button is an old saying, which means to be attractive or sweet, but in a small way. babies are often described as cute as a button. language experts dont know why. but they do say the expression dates from the late 1860s.here is another expression associated with button: buttondown. people often wear buttondown shirts to the office. buttondown as an adjective means to be conservative. people described as buttondown stay as close as possible to the normal way of dressing and behaving.when buttoning a button, you slip it into a buttonhole. a buttonhole traps the button. so, to buttonhole someone means you have trapped him in a spoken conversation.now, lets say you find yourself buttonholed in a conversation at a party. someone just keeps talking and talking and talking! finally, you cant stand it any longer. you tell him to button it! this is a direct, but a little rude way of saying “stop talking！” button your lip is another equally rude way to stop a person who talks too much.another kind of difficult person is someone who pushes_ones_buttons. to push ones buttons means to know how to get that person annoyed or upset. people who like to push other peoples buttons usually do it for selfish reasons.1. what do you think of someone who wears a buttondown shirt to the office?a. crazy. b. traditional.c. funny. d. fashionable.2. what will you probably say to get rid of a long and boring talk?a. be cute as a button.b. push your button.c. button your lip.d. be buttondown.3. how does the fourth paragraph mainly develop?a. by giving examples.b. by making contrasts.c. by listing figures. d. by analyzing cause and effect.4. what does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?a. shouts loudly. b. learns of ones secret.c. argues with someone. d. gets someone to lose his temper.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了与纽扣有关的习语在日常生活中的应用。1. b细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话中的buttondown as an adjective means to be conservative可知，穿着纽扣衫去上班，代表这个人很保守。 2. c细节理解题。根据第四段第六句话中的you cant stand it any longer和本段最后一句话中的button your lip is another equally rude way to stop a person who talks too much可知，当你不想听一个人说话时，可以对他说button your lip 闭嘴。 3. a篇章结构题。根据第四段第四句话中的lets say you find yourself buttonholed in a conversation at a party可知，本段主要是通过举例来说明当你不想听一个人说话时，可以怎样用button来表达。 4. d词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句话中的to push ones buttons means to know how to get that person annoyed or upset可知，触动一个人的按钮是指使人生气或心烦，故选d。bin the united states, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. and even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. that is what “keeping up with the joneses” is about. it is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.the expression was first used in 1913 by a young american called arthur momand. he told this story about himself. he began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. that was a lot of money in those days. he got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside new york city.when he saw that rich people rode horses, momand went horseback riding every day. when he saw that rich people had servants. momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.it was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. the race ended for momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. they had to move back to an apartment in new york city. momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. he saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. he called it “keeping up with the joneses” because “jones” is a very common name in the united states. “keeping up with the joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. momands series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.people never seem to get tired of keeping up with the joneses. and there are “joneses” in every city of the world. but one must get tired of trying to keep up with the joneses because no matter what one does, mr. jones always seems to be ahead.5. some people want to keep up with the joneses because they _a. want to be happyb. want to be as rich as their neighborsc. dont want others to know they are richd. want others to know or to think that they are rich6. it can be inferred from the story that rich people like to _a. live outside new york city b. live with many neighborsc. live in new york cityd. live in apartments 7. whats the authors attitude to keeping up with the joneses?a. positive. b. negative. c. supportive. d. objective.【语篇解读】keep up with the joneses是一条美国成语，译为“赶上琼斯家”，意思是与邻居或同时代的人比阔气，在本文中作者讲述了这个典故的由来。5. d细节理解题。根据文章第一段in the united states, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. that is what “keeping up with the joneses” is about.可知人们与左邻右舍攀比是为了让别人认为他们是有钱人，所以d选项正确。6. a推理判断题。根据故事内容he moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside new york city当arthur有钱时他和妻子搬到了纽约城外，以及 when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. they moved back to an apartment in new york city当他没法和别人攀比时，又搬回了纽约市，可知富人都喜欢住在纽约市外，所以a选项正确。7. b推理判断题。由文章第三段it was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up可以推断作者认为长期和别人攀比是很难做到的，是不可能的事情，故b选项正确。 cits that time of year when people need to lock their cars. its not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. rather, its because of goodhearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. especially with this years large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to fill it with zucchini (西葫芦)my sister, sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. she and her family had eaten and canned so many that they had begun to feel their skin turn slightly red. thats when she decided it was time to share her blessings. she started calling everyone she knew. when that failed, she began asking everyone in the neighborhood, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “feel free to take whatever you want，” sharon told her. later that day, sharon found that her garden had indeed been harvested. she felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didnt go to waste.a few days later, sharon answered the door. there was the neighbor, holding a hot loaf of bread. the neighbor smiled pleasantly, “i wanted to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and i have to admit that i took a few other things and hoped you wouldnt mind.”sharon couldnt think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “oh, but you did，” the neighbor said. “you had some of the prettiest zucchini ive ever seen.”sharon was confused. they hadnt even planted any zucchini. but her neighbor insisted that there really were brightgreen zucchini in her garden. sharon felt curious and decided to go to see where the zucchini had grown. the two of them walked together into the backyard. when the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, sharon smiled. “well, actually, those are cucumbers (黄瓜) that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating.”the neighbor looked at sharon, shock written all over her face. she gulped (哽住) a few times, and then, smiling, held out the bread, part of a batch she had shared all over the neighborhood. “i brought you a nice loaf of cucumber bread. i hope you like it.”8. why does the author warn people in the neighborhood to lock their cars?a. they might be stolen by thieves at night.b. they might be moved away by the police.c. their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.d. their neighbors might throw cucumbers into them.9. how did sharons friends react to the invitation to take her tomatoes?a. they did not accept her kind offer.b. they were all delighted to have the tomatoes.c. they said they would go when they were free.d. they began to tell everyone they knew about it.10. what did the neighbor do in sharons garden?a. she only harvested some tomatoes.b. she took some cucumbers mistakenly.c. she took something with sharons help.d. she harvested a few zucchini by accident.11. we can infer that the neighbors bread would taste_.a. soft and sweet b. hard and sourc. funny and bitter d. fragrant and delicious【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了邻居之间共享丰收果实时出现的一个有趣的小插曲。8. c细节理解题。根据第一段第三句以及第四句话可知，好心的邻居会 与他们分享丰收的果实，并将其放入未锁的车里。 9. a细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的she started calling everyone she knew. when that failed.可知，她给认识的人打电话，结果失败了，故选a项。10. b推理判断题。根据第五段中的well，actually，those are cucumbers that we never harvested可知，这位邻居错摘了莎伦家园子里的黄瓜，故选b项。11. c推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的because they got too big，soft and bitter for eating or canning可知，邻居错把黄瓜当成了西葫芦，黄瓜面包的味道会有点怪，故选c项。dpeople have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.now scientists believe they know why. a team at the university of chicago, us has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. to be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called tp53 in elephants. most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.according to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animals sensitivity to dna damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.“an increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author dr vincent lynch told the guardian. if every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. but across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.this_phenomenon was found by oxford university scientist richard peto in the 1970s and later named “petos paradox (悖论)”. biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. in the elephants case, the making of tp53 is natures way of keeping this species alive.the study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. this means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers spreading or even developing in the first place.“nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，” said joshua schiffman, a biologist at the school of medicine, university of utah, us. “its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”12. why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?a. they have a rather large body size.b. their genes suffer no dna damage.c. certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.d. they carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.13. according to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?a. deadly tumors. b. the huge body mass.c. cells killing themselves. d. sensitivity to dna damage.14. what does the underlined part “this phenomenon” in paragraph 5 probably refer to?a. larger animals have protection from tp53.b. the risk of cancer is not related to body size.c. larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.d. the larger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.15. what can be concluded from the passage?a. depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.b. the tp53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.c. humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of tp53.d. the extra copies of elephants, genes are used to cure cancer patients.【语篇解读】科学家研究发现，大象不患癌症是因为他们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因tp53，人们有望通过研制tp53预防癌症。12. d推理判断题。根据文章第二段to be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called tp53 in elephants. most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.可知大象携带的抗癌基因比其他物种多。 13. a推理判断题。根据文章第三段according to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animals sensitivity to dna damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.可知肿瘤是极大威胁。 14. b代词指代题。根据文章第四段最后一句but across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.可知这一现象指的是，物种患癌症的概率和他们的体型没有关系。15. c推理判断题。根据文章最后一句its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people并结合上文陈述的大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因tp53可以判断，人们有望通过研制tp53预防癌症。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 study links video game use to problems in schoola new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school. _16_ they show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.more than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. _17_ it is said to be the first ever longterm study in northern ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.the study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more. 41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams. _1