北师大版选修七Unit 19 language language learning B学案.docx

unit 19 language language learning b学案1单句语法填空there is no need to_call (call) him up.you have broken it now; it is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.there is no point waiting (wait) here.2翻译句子she is clever and studies hard.it is no wonder that she always takes first place.她聪明又刻苦，难怪总考第一。毫无疑问，不劳无获。(there is no doubt that . )there_is_no_doubt_that_no_pains,_no_gains.2it_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that english would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在十八世纪，人们就预测到英语有一天会成为世界性的语言，并且在过去的几十年里已经得到了证明。(1)it was predicted that . 表示“据预测”，在该句型中，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it is predicted by economists that there will be an increase in interest rates in 2018 in china.经济学家预言，2018年中国利率将会上升。(2)英语中，在不便或不必指明某看法、说法或消息的来源时，往往使用“it is过去分词that从句”句型进行转述。its said that . 据说its thought that . 人们认为its suggested that . 人们建议its believed that . 人们相信its hoped that . 人们希望its expected that . 预计/人们认为it is thought that mr green has arrived in beijing.mr green is thought to have arrived in beijing.我们认为格林先生已经到北京了。it is generally believed that people with high eq are open to new ideas. people with high eq are generally believed to be open to new ideas.大家普遍认为情商高的人容易接受新观念。1句型转换people hope that the new coach will be able to pull the football team together.it_ is _hoped_ that the new coach will be able to pull the football team together. it is said that the old coins had been buried under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.the old coins are_ said_ to_ have_ been_ buried under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.2. 完成句子据预测，明年将是一个丰收年。it_is_predicted_that next year we will have a good harvest.人们期望明天天会转晴。it_is_expected_that it will turn out fine tomorrow.名词性从句语法初识原句感知自主探究it was predicted as early as the 1700s that english would one day be the global language . experts say that just 15 minutes of extracurricula study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.what this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in english. ., the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an englishspeaking country are small.(1)在主从复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句依据其句法功能，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句如句，宾语从句如句；，表语从句如句，同位语从句如句。(2)名词性从句用陈述句语序。语法剖析一、定义和范围在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、连接词1连接词that, whether, if。引导词that在句子中既不作成分也没有实际意义，但除宾语从句外一般不省略。whether/if在从句中不作句子成分，但表示疑问意义，不能省略。2连接代词what, which, who, whoever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。3连接副词when, where, how, why等。连接副词一般在从句中作状语。三、主语从句在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that, whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。1that引导主语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略。that light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线运动。2连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。who will win is still unknown.谁会赢还不得而知。where the match will be held has not been announced.比赛在哪儿举行还未宣布。名师点津whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首，但if引导时不可以。3it作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置。it is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。it is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。即时演练1 用适当的连接词填空 that you dont like him is none of my business.whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.it is a pity that i cant agree with you.when/where the party will be held hasnt been announced.四、表语从句在复合句中起表语作用的从句叫表语从句，表语从句通常位于连系动词的后面。1that引导表语从句，表示一件事情，that只起连接作用，不作任何成分，但是不能省略。the problem is that i have lost the key to my house.问题是我弄丢了家里的钥匙。2what常引导表语从句。my hometown is not what it was ten years ago.我的家乡已经不是十年前的样子了。3where，why，when，because，how，whether等引导表语从句。this is where i worked with my parents one year ago.这是我一年前和父母劳动的地方。名师点津whether可以引导表语从句，但if不可以。4as if引导表语从句。it seems as if he has seen the man before.看起来好像他以前见过这个人。5如果主句的主语是reason时，常用that而不用because引导表语从句。the reason why you failed is that you lack confidence in yourself.你失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。6如果主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。his suggestion is that we (should) stay calm.他建议我们保持冷静。即时演练2 单句改错if he attends the club is unknown to us.ifwhethermy question is if you are in favour of us.ifwhetherthe fact is youve lost a good chance.is后加thati got up late. thats because i was late for school.becausewhythe reason why he was sad was because he lost his new cellphone.becausethat五、宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。1连接代词what, who, whom, which等在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。do you know what we should do in the next step?你知道下一步我们要做什么吗？2连接副词when, where, how, why等引导宾语从句并在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因等状语。the stranger asked where he could buy this medicine.这个陌生人问在哪里可以买到这种药。3that, if, whether引导宾语从句。that没有实际意义，可以省略，而if和whether表示“是否”，不能省略。i dont know if/whether i can help you.我不知道我能否帮助你。4it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是名词性从句。此类句子常用动词find, feel, consider, make, believe, hate, take, owe, have等作谓语。i feel it a pity that i didnt go to the picnic last weekend.上周末我没去野炊真遗憾。5介词后接宾语从句。the new book is about how tomatoes are planted.这本新书是关于怎样种植西红柿的。名师点津whether可以引导介词后的宾语从句，但if不可以。6在某些形容词后也可接宾语从句。i was surprised that my friend hadnt passed the exams.我很惊讶我的朋友考试没有及格。名师点津形容词后的从句也可以看作原因状语从句。7在demand, order, suggest, decide, insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。he insists that you (should) do your homework alone.他坚持要你自己做作业。即时演练3完成句子我不知道他怎么了。i dont know what_is_the_matter_with him.我认为每天早上锻炼半小时以上是必要的。i think_it_necessary_to_take exercise for over half an hour every morning.这本书是关于如何养鸡的。the new book is about how_chickens_are_fed我主张我们周末去野餐。i insist that we (should)_go_on_a_picnic this weekend.六、同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句的作用是进一步解释其前面名词的内容。能接同位语从句的常见名词有： idea, fact, news, belief, hope, information, evidence, opinion, problem, truth, answer, proposal, theory, decision, discovery, thought, certainty, condition等。1that引导同位语从句。that没有实际意义，但一般不省略。the news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.我们队获胜的消息真的很振奋人心。2whether引导同位语从句。well discuss the problem whether we will start off at 6：30 or at 5：00.我们将讨论我们是在6：30还是在5：00出发的问题。名师点津whether可以引导同位语从句，if一般不可以。3when引导同位语从句。i have no idea when they will discuss the theory.我不知道他们什么时候讨论这个理论。4how引导同位语从句。i have no impression how he entered the hall.他是怎样进入大厅的，我没有印象。5why引导同位语从句。do you have an idea why he hasnt been accepted by beijing university?你知道他为什么没被北京大学录取吗？6who引导同位语从句。the problem who should do the work requires consideration.该由谁做这项工作，这一问题需要考虑。7which引导同位语从句。he hasnt solved the problem which university he should prefer.他还没有解决好择校的问题。8what引导同位语从句。i have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。即时演练4单句改错the news he has adjusted himself to the life there makes his parents glad.news后加thati have no idea if he will come or not.ifwhetherthe question why is the weather becoming warm hasnt been answered.is_the_weatherthe_weather_ismy suggestion is that we must inform his parents of this.mustshould或去掉must应用实战一、链接高考用适当的连接词填空1(2016江苏高考) it is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2(北京高考)what makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.3(浙江高考)the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.4(山东高考)its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away.5(安徽高考)from space, the earth looks blue. this is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.6(江西高考)whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.二、针对演练.用适当的连接词填空1we dont have money; it was why we wanted to wait until our mother came back.2the fact is that i have lost his address.3energy is what makes things work.4go and get your coat.its where you left it.5whether the sports meet will be held next week depends on whether the weather will be fine.6i wonder how you are getting on with your studies.7the question is who can complete the difficult task.8it seemed that he was going to cry.9he got caught in the heavy traffic.that was why he was late.10journal writers write about their travels in what is called a travel journal.完成句子1whoever_breaks_the_law (无论谁犯法) shall be punished.2can you tell me how_i_will_get_to_the_railway_station (我将如何去火车站)?3i dont care about whether_you_have_money_or_not (你是否有钱)4he has heart disease. thats_because_he_has_been_smoking_too_much (那是因为他抽烟太多了)5tom told me what_had_happened_there_ (那里发生的一切)6there is no doubt that_the_price_of_cars_will_go_down (汽车的价格将会下降)7the reason why he didnt come was that_he_was_ill (他病了)8what_we_should_do_next (我们下一步该怎么办) remains unknown.9it_is_said_that (据说) they have succeeded in carrying out the experiment.10we are excited at the news that_we_will_have_a_break_of_3_days (我们要放三天假) at the qingming festival.对应学生课下能力提升(一).单句语法填空1were immensely thrilled (thrill) to learn of your success.2if you yell at him, hes guaranteed (guarantee) to do the opposite of what you want.3she must learn toadjust (adjustment) herself to english life.4the case was dismissed in the absence (absent) of any definite proof.5the manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on.6the lake is surrounded (surrounding) by trees and they make a beautiful picture.7the space available is not adequate (adequacy) for our needs.8exposure to the sun can accelerate (acceleration) the ageing process.9reading will enlarge (large) your vocabulary.10as is known to all, that he has become a space hero is what we have expected.选词填空according to, as early as, get ahead of, stand out, rely on, more than, make sure, keep in mind1the computer is able to perform more_than one task at the same time.2the new road sign is easy to read; the words stand_out well.3you have been absent six times according_to our records.4she cant be relied_on to tell the truth.5the technique of printing was known to the chinese as_early_as the 9th century.6we dont need assistants now, but well surely keep_in_mind your application.7he speeded up to get_ahead_of others.8he made every effort to make_sure the meeting went well.课文缩写语法填空many people predict in the 1，700s that english 1.would_be (be) the global language one day, which proved to be the case.with the growing international companies and the great advances in communications, more and more people tend 2.to learn english as the second language.and the fact is that speaking more than one language makes you stand 3.out. people have realized that in the 4.absence (absent) of the native language environment, people can not learn it well. in 5.other words, you have to be surrounded 6.by the language.sadly, most of the english learners can not live in the native country, which means we can only depend on our school resources. so teachers have to guarantee an adequate amount of input in english, which can 7.be_conveyed (convey) to students 8.through various mediums.since extracurricula work may through language learning, here are some suggestions to english learners: setting 9.achievable (achieve) targets; listening to english songs; watching english dvds; studying with your friends and rewarding yourself. please remember 10.to_keep (keep) dedicated.完形填空tom with his friend jack went to his favorite newspaper stand. jack _1_ the salesman selling the newspapers gently, but in return he received poor _2_. the salesman never even looked up at his customer when he _3_ the latenight edition. accepting the _4_， jack politely smiled and wished the salesman a pleasant weekend. the salesman made an unclear sound and seemed _5_ that the two men had completed their business. as the two friends walked down the street, tom asked, “does he always treat you so _6_？”“yes, _7_， he does，” jack responded. “and are you always so _8_ and friendly to him？”“yes, i am！”jack _9_ as they turned a corner. “why are you so nice when he is so unfriendly to you？”jack _10_， “because i dont want him to decide how i am going to _11_”who _12_ how you are going to act? is it your circumstances or the difficult people in your life that determine your _13_？ when we allow our conflicts to _14_ us, we behave as if getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority. _15_， it doesnt really matter how we treat one another. for example, well say, “this _16_ is causing me problems right now so i dont care about exercising _17_， selfcontrol, and loving kindness. instead, i want to let him know how _18_ i am because of his action.”we forget our difficulties will eventually weaken. but the way we handle conflicts will influence our _19_ for a long time. will you only respond to the momentary crisis or will you be more concerned about the _20_ of what kind of person you are becoming? who decides how you will behave when the pressure is on? 语篇解读：本文讲述了卖报纸的销售员虽然一直对杰克很不礼貌，但是杰克对他依然有礼的故事，启发我们不要让他人的行为决定我们的行为。1a.praisedbpaidcgreeted dinvited解析：选c词义辨析题。杰克温柔地问候了卖报纸的销售员。greet“问候”；praise“赞扬”；pay“付钱”；invite“邀请”。2a.harvest bservicecinstructions dscores解析：选b背景常识题。根据常识可知销售员应该是提供服务的。service“服务”；harvest“收获”；instruction“指导”；score“分数”。3a.asked bcompletedcrequested dprinted解析：选c词义辨析题。当杰克要求买晚报时，销售员甚至从未抬头看过他。request“要求”；ask“问”；complete“完成”；print“印刷”。4a.newspaper brecordcradio dfood解析：选a词语复现题。根据文章第一句“tom with his friend jack went to his favorite newspaper stand.”可知收到报纸后，杰克有礼貌地对他笑了笑并祝销售员周末愉快。5a.relieved bdisappointedcencouraged dworried解析：选a逻辑推理题。根据“that the two men had completed their business”可知完成交易后松了口气最为恰当。relieve“松了口气”；disappoint“失望”；encourage“鼓励”；worry“担心”。6a.separately bseriouslycrudely dquickly解析：选c逻辑推理题。根据上文“but in return he received poor _2_. the salesman never even looked up at his customer when he _3_ the latenight edition. .the salesman made an unclear sound and seemed _5_ that the two men had completed their business.”可知销售员对杰克很粗鲁。7a.strictly bunfortunatelycoriginally dfinally解析：选b词义辨析题。汤姆问道：“他对你总是这么粗鲁吗？”杰克回答道：“不幸的是，确实如此”。unfortunately“不幸地”；strictly“严格地”；originally“最初地”；finally“最终地”。8a.content bsmartcpolite denergetic解析：选c前后照应题。polite“有礼貌的”跟后面的friendly前后照应。content“满意的”；smart“聪明的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。9a.struggled bhesitatedcwatched dcontinued解析：选d逻辑推理题。汤姆又问了一个问题，杰克应该是继续说道。continue“继续”；struggle“挣扎”；hesitate“犹豫”；watch“看”。10a.ordered bexplainedcadvised dwondered解析：选b逻辑推理题。根据上句“why are you so nice when he is so unfriendly to you？”可知此处jack应该解释。explain“解释”；order“命令”；advise“建议”；wonder“想知道”。11a.behave bworkcarrive dwrite解析：选a词义辨析题。杰克说他不想让销售员决定他的行为。behave“行为，举止”；work“工作”；arrive“到达”；write“写”。12a.imagines bdecidescanswers ddoubts解析：选b词语复现题。根据上文“because i dont want him to decide how i am going to _11_”可知此处是提出问题：谁来决定你的行为？decide“决定”；imagine“想象”；answer“回答”；doubt“怀疑”。13a.growth bappearancecresponses dprogress解析：选c词义辨析题。是你所处的环境还是生活中那些不随和的人决定你的答复呢？response“回答”；growth“成长”；appearance“外表”；progress“进步”。14a.control bwoundccheat dkill解析：选a词义辨析题。当我们允许我们的矛盾来控制我们，我们表现得好像摆脱掉我们的麻烦是唯一的优先选择。control“控制”；wound“受伤”；cheat“欺骗”；kill“杀死”。15a.instead bthereforecagain dbesides解析：选b语法结构题。“when we allow our conflicts to _14_ us, we behave as if getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority.”与“it doesnt really matter how we treat one another”是因果关系，故用therefore。therefore“因此”；instead“代替”；again“再，又”；besides“此外”。16a.exam btripcperson denemy解析：选c逻辑推理题。根据下文“instead, i want to let him know how _18_ i am because of his action.”可知有人在给我制造麻烦。17a.pressure bpatiencecduty dpower解析：选b逻辑推理题。有人在给我制造麻烦，因此我会失去耐心、自控和善良。patience“耐心”；pressure“压力”；duty“责任”；power“权力”。18a.proud bangrycglad dfearful解析：选b逻辑推理题。根据上句“this _16_ is causing me problems right now so i dont care about exercising _17_， selfcontrol, and loving kindness.”可知我想让他知道因为他的行为我有多么生气。19a.team bexperimentscfriendship dlives解析：选d词义辨析题。但是我们处理矛盾的方式将影响我们的生活很长时间。life“生活”；team“队”；experiment“实验”；friendship“友谊”。20a.time bvaluecuse dnationality解析：选b词义辨析题。你是仅会对印象深刻的危机做出回应还是你更关注你会成为怎样的人所具有的价值？value“价值”；time“时间”；use“用处”；nationality“国籍”。.阅读理解privacy is translated as “yin si” in chinese.traditionally, in the chinese mind, “yin si” is associated with that which is closed or unfair.if someone is said to have “yin si”， meddlers (好事者) will be attracted to pry (刺探) into his or her affairs.so people always state that they dont have “yin si”on the contrary, americans often declare their intention to protect their privacy.their understanding of privacy is that others have no right to pry into things which belong to themselves alone and have nothing to do with others.one who is too curious and who spreads rumors is said to violate the right to privacy.in the evening, sonia and i went to a bar for dinner. in china, when people mention bars, something bad usually comes to mind.but here, the bar was a quiet and tastefully laid out place. people spoke quite softly, afraid of interrupting their neighbors, and sat face to face as they drank, sometimes three or five persons sitting together.this sort of atmosphere was totally different from my preconception, so i wanted to take a picture.sonia stopped me：“dont you see these people are pouring out their hearts? maybe they are colle