华科英语二学位毕业设计--学习翻译理论与实践的心得.doc

学习翻译理论与实践的心得摘要随着科学技术的不断发展、经济全球化的加速，人员交往和信息交流的日益频繁，中西文化之间的交流也加快了发展步伐。而翻译是跨文化交际的桥梁，因此翻译工作在中西文化交流中的作用日益显著。不同国家、民族之间不同文化的交流和渗透，都离不开翻译活动。在高度信息化和全球化的现代社会中，翻译的重要性得到了越来越多的体现。要能翻译出好的作品，不是一朝一夕的事情，还需要经过大量艰苦的理论学习与实践，一个优秀的翻译工作者，不仅要有很大的词汇量和扎实的语言功底，还要博览群书，通观世界，关注国内外时事。本文旨在通过分析总结翻译过程中遇到的问题等，结合中西文化差异及融合在翻译作品时的影响作用，进一步探讨如何更好地完成翻译作品。关键词：翻译 交流 文化 差异 融合Study of translation theory and practice experienceAbstractTranslation is kind of science and art. It is not proficiency in a foreign language with the help of dictionaries and reference books. It is a cultural exchange. After learning translation theory and practice between English and Chinese, I have got a deep understanding of translation. For intercultural communication, Translation is the bridge, and it means that translation working plays a significant role in the exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures. In modern society with high globalization, the importance of translation has been more and more embodied. Translation is a creative language activity which needs lots of practice. In the future, our study should focus on the practice of translation. To enhance the capacity of the translation without a lot of practice is to want to learn to swim without water. Of course, we should also pay attention to scientific practice. Beginners without professional advice should get the Chinese translation material to practice. First have a look of yourself in the accuracy of understanding, and then have a look at his expression with the Chinese language habits to find the inadequate parts on translation. With the increase in the level of translation, we can find some simple and basic knowledge of the professional aspects of the article translation after a gradual transition to the English literature translation. Adhering to the more progressive and more translated articles will be fruitful. As an English learning student, translation is an arduous and long-term task. We should try our best to learn English and translation well, and then spread Chinese long history and culture to all over the world.Key words: Translation culture communication globalizationContents摘要iAbstractii1. Study of Translation Theory and Practice Experience12. Chinese-English Translation5 2.1 The Anti-essence of Network and Literature5 2.2 The Changes of Cultural Idols and University Spirits73. 社会和政治背景下的全球化科技9 3.1 西方技术科学催生了充满种族主义者和不健全的生态系统的殖民据点9 3.2 南非班图教育政策方面的情况9 3.3 对印度的桉树项目和班图教育政策的总结10 3.4克里斯廷的声明11Bibliography12121. Study of Translation Theory and Practice ExperienceTranslation is kind of science and art. It is not proficiency in a foreign language with the help of dictionaries and reference books. It is a cultural exchange. After learning translation theory and practice between English and Chinese, I have got a deep understanding of translation. It had been a long time that I thought translation is just using correct grammar to organize specific words and make it fluent enough. At the beginning of translation exercises, I always used the method of literal translation. With this kind of method, the articles cant be understood and as such, are illogical. With the increase of the translation learning and practice, I began to gain more correct understanding about translation activities.With the development of science and economic globalization, exchanges of personnel and information between China and western countries become more popular and frequent. The exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures also accelerate the pace of development. (Bao Huinan, 2001:56) Because translation is the bridge of intercultural communication, it means that translation working plays an increasingly significant role in the exchanges between Chinese cultures and Western cultures. Without the translation activities, communication and infiltration of different cultures among different nations totally cant work. In the history of human civilization, there are successes which are derived from the external knowledge that make influence on social, cultural and intellectual system to produce tremendous change, and finally causes the whole culture system with a new look. Since the transfer of internal and external knowledge mainly depends on language as a tool, translation then is an important channel for the dissemination of foreign knowledge. We can even say that the development of major cultural systems in the world hardly work without the relationship and translation of China and western cultures.Translation plays an important role in communication, and language is an important tool for people to communicate with others. The lack of deep research on the original language culture makes it very difficult to guarantee the quality and level of translation. A good translator should be very familiar with two different languages and different cultures and be aware that language is very powerful for communication. Also, we need to go through the language to get the information that the author wants to pass on. Then get to understand the underlying culture and spirit, so as to know about the differences between Chinese and Western culture. Language is not only the carrier of information, but also the carrier of culture. Because of the different environment and different understanding on the point of view of the world, different ethnic groups tend to form their own unique cultural mode. Human beings understanding of information content always depends on the ethnic culture modes. The original readers and the original authors generally have a common cultural background, so the readers can easily understand what the words really mean in the articles as the original author expected, just through the surface forms of words to understand the original of all the cultural connotations. However, the translator can only transmit the information and express feelings, foreign culture from their limited language and cultural background. What he is faced with is lots of cultural materials which are really difficult to be understood or even would absolutely be misunderstood. In order to avoid this kind of situation, the translator must be a person with much foreign knowledge. The translator should not only be very familiar with the source language and the target language, but also should use various information channels to understand different cultures showed in the articles. If the authors are familiar with their differences, they can find a meeting point to minimize the distance between the source language and the target language. So the translator could accurately capture the cultural information from the original texts then improve effective communication between different kinds of languages.If we want to do translation work better, we should work harder by doing the followings: Firstly, we should get familiar with different kinds of cultures which we cannot really know their common and difference in a short time. It takes a long time to overcome the difficulties of the theory learning and translation practices. An excellent translator, should not only have a large vocabulary and solid language skills, but also have learned lots of knowledge of both languages. Whats more, the translator should be concerned about whats happening in the world every day, and pay attention to the current affairs and newborn words both at home and abroad. At present we are just beginning to know about translation between Chinese and English, the first thing we need to do is to learn all kinds of translation skills, and cannot be flighty and impetuous, anxious for success. Although its very boring, the theory is still the guide of practice. Only after these before we can boldly say we got deep theoretical basis and found the appropriate translation methods and the problems that exist in translation work.The famous translator Wang Zuoliangever said thatthe greatest difficulty in translation isdifferent culture.Because as a kind of communicational method, literal translation not only is the transformationprocess ofthe language, but also a process of culturalcommunication.And,somethingsor some placeshave a certain symbolic meaning. Therefore,when we are doing translation,we should be very sensitive to culturalbackground,and learnthe knowledge of cultural backgrounds as much as possible. Then try our best to do the translation to make sure that the translated sentenceswill make people feelbe comfortable.For example, in the Western Christian culture, the number 13 is an unlucky number, and the Westerners particularly taboo on it. However, in Chinese traditional culture, there is no argument about the number 13. Another example, “I was born in the Year of Rooster. I never eat chicken. The Year of Rooster will bring me good luck or bad luck. ”Chinese people traditionally use 12 animals, representing the 12 Earthly Branches to symbolize the year in which a person is born. Spring Festival 1993, for example, is the first day of the Year of the Rooster. People born in this year have the rooster as their life symbol. All other years of the rooster, according to an old Chinese saying, become either good-or-bad luck years for them. In western culture, there is no custom about animal attachment to peoples year of birth. Therefore, if we want to translate these significant cultural differences when doing translation work, and in order to do translation work more accurately and completely, we must have a deep understanding on these traditional customs. (Bao Huinan, 2001:133)Cultural differences exists, there will be convergence among cultures at the same time. And convergence of culture will have a profound impact on the translation work. Since the reform and opening up, there have been more and extensive exchanges between China and the Western world leading to many words with western culture being introduced into Chinese and eventually becoming common words in Chinese daily activities. For instance, supermarket is translated as chao shi, online-shopping is translated as wang shang gou wu, fast food is translated as kuai can, and the Internet is yin te wang. These are widely used in peoples daily life activities. Chinese new vocabulary is a true reflection of convergence between the Chinese and Western culture in the translation work. For example, in the west, the expression of failure can be meet someones Waterloo. Chinese translator translate Waterloo as hua tie lu from its pronunciation, and the news titles like Shanghai Dui Zao Yu Hua Tie Lu have widely been used in the press. (Bao Huinan, 2001:156)As for the translation methods, the famous translation theorist Peter Newmark has introduced many kinds of translation methods, such as communicative translation, semantic translation, literal translation, free translation and so on. Among these methods, literal translation and free translation are the most important two methods. Literal translation is often be used to translate technology, commercial, industrial, economic and news texts, such as meeting recording. Free translation is generally used in the literature, speech and language ads. Of course, the best way for translation is to combine both of them. However, most of the time, in order to get better effect of translation, we had better use communicative translation and semantic translation. Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the original reader. (Newmark, 2001:126)We cannot simply copy the original text. To make the foreign readers get the same reading experience of texts as close as possible as the original leaders, we need to be familiar enough with another language and the backgrounds of the texts. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. (Newmark, 2001:135)We should not only make the readers under the different culture obtain the same feeling, we must do our best to express the original intention of the authors writing completely and clearly to all readers in second language environment. Now our translation is still far from being reached this level, so that to finish the whole translation text fluently, we need to use changeable sentence structures and proper words, and I think its our most urgent work for present. However, one point is crucial in translation: culture. There are too many cultural differences between the East and the West. We should understand the culture of western countries, so as to do the translation work better. The first thing you should do in translation is to strengthen your basic literacy. The so-called basic literacy means that the translator must have the basic conditions. They should have a serious attitude to translation, the translator must have the three aspects of the quality, namely, a certain level of English, higher Chinese self-cultivation and rich professional knowledge. Show more translation practice, the three aspects of the quality of the higher, more successful completion of the translation work. English on the level, attention should be paid to lay a solid foundation, expand vocabulary, extensive reading, the best ability to read, write, translate training at the same time five times, compared with single attack can be translated more quickly to improve the standard of English. In Chinese, self-cultivation, training should strengthen grammar, logic, rhetoric and other aspects of knowledge, reading, writing, and more practice to amend the article. Expertise in the subject, should strive to master their own business, a better understanding of the relevant professional knowledge; regular access to domestic, foreign books, master the updated development of English culture.Translation is a creative language activity which needs lots of practice. In the future, our study should focus on the practice of translation. To enhance the capacity of the translation without a lot of practice is to want to learn to swim without water. Of course, one should also pay attention to scientific practice. Beginners without expert advice should get the Chinese translation material to practice. First have a look of yourself in the accuracy of understanding, and then have a look at his expression with the Chinese language habits to find the inadequate parts on translation. With the increase in the level of translation, we can find some simple and basic knowledge of the professional aspects of the article translation after a gradual transition to the English literature translation. Adhering to the more progressive and more translated articles will be fruitful.Its not easy to be a good translator because itneeds long-termeffortunder the guidance of theory.For example, if you dont know how to writea noun or a verb when writing, you can just skip it. But when you are doing the translation, you cant skip it. Translation workis solemn and serious,andit requiresenoughtranslation abilitywhich must be combined withthepractice and theory.In modern society with high globalization, the importance of translation has been more embodied. As a student who is learning English, translation is an arduous and long-term task. We should try our best to learn English and translation well, and then spread Chinese long history and culture to all over the world.2. Chinese-English TranslationHow many words does he know?“3000 or more words including wrong characters.”Then be a writer, since he could do nothing and be unwilling to live as the same as ordinary people.This is unprecedented damage and besmirch for the literature career writer profession, and intellectual, the surrounding sacred aureole and occupation dignity of writers and litterateurs were swept away. Certainly, this is self-mocking of Wang Shuo himself, because Wang Shuo is also a writer. Wang Shuos efforts may be regarded as earnestly practice in this aspect, he called himself typist, and there exist lots of contents of self-dispraising and self-mocking in his novel like “I am a rascal that nobody could scare , Do not treat me as a person, we are a flock of vulgar people who only know the natural instincts of man, and so on , although we cant think they are the condition of Wang Shuo, but half of Wang Shuo is reflected in the word “I” at least.Certainly, there was just one of this person when Wang debuted at the end of 80s, the whole literary circles didnt been completely disenchanted yet at that age, had no network and network literature, either. Wang is rated as the pioneer and founder in the literary of “disenchantment”. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the 21st century when network was consumedly flourishing, secularization and consumption culture were growing rapidly, we saw thousands of Wang, and he was getting depreciatory. In fact, Wang Shuo isnt real “typist”, his words taking some meanings that challenging elites intentionally, which results in a great deal of typist appear now, forming the latest developments of rascal literature”: The body-writing. The body writing is the direct line of rascal literature, and Wang Shuo corroborated this by defending called as “body-writing of the Mians. He thinks write with the body”, “is very high praise, body is the thing that much more useful than brains own body is happier than own brains, that could be treated as species superior, One of the most silly parlances I heard about novels is that getting knowledge and educated by novels.” But education is exactly the most basically appeal of the literature of spirits and elites. Thus, Wangs judgment has strongly characteristics of anti-essence.2.1 The anti-essence of network and literatureIf Wang Shuo represented the literature i