外研版高考英语必修一语法精析探究 学案：Module 5 Period One.doc

laboratory safety rulesscience is a hands-on(实际操作的) laboratory class.you will be doing many lab activities which may need the use of chemicals or equipment.to make sure of a safe science classroom，we provide you with a list of rules.these rules must be followed at all times.general guidelines(准则)1never work alone.no student may work in the lab without a teacher present.2when first entering a lab，do not touch any equipment，chemicals，or other materials in the lab until you are asked to do so.3do not eat，drink，or chew gum in the lab.do not use lab glassware as containers for food or drink.4know the positions and operating procedures(程序) of all safety equipment，including the first-aid kit and the fire extinguisher(灭火器)know where the fire alarms and the exits are.5check the labels(标签) on chemical bottles twice before removing any of the chemicals.take only as many chemicals as you need.6most chemicals in the lab are considered to be dangerous.do not touch，taste，or smell any chemicals unless specifically asked to do so.7at the end of your experiment，clean everything carefully and return your equipment to where you got it.wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.what to wear1dress properly during a lab activity.long hair must be tied back and shoes must completely cover the feet.2contact lenses should not be worn in the lab unless you are allowed by your teacher.3any time chemicals，heat，or glassware is used，students will wear lab goggles(护目镜)nobody should break this rule!accidents and injuries1report any accident or injury to the teacher immediately.2if a chemical should get into your eye(s) or onto your skin，go to see a school nurse immediately.根据上文判断正(t)误(f)1students can work in the lab by themselves if a teacher isnt present.(f)2you can drink when thirsty，but you cant eat when hungry in the lab.(f)3you must never wear contact lenses in the lab.(f)period oneintroduction & reading and vocabulary.重点单词1expand vi.膨胀contract vi.收缩(反义词)2electricity n电electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的3conclusion n结论conclude v断定；推断出；得出结论4aim n目标；目的5reaction n反应react vi.(化学)反应6equipment n设备；装备equip vt.装备；配备7partial adj.部分的；局部的8ordinary adj.普通的；平常的9float vi.漂浮10form vi.形成.重点短语1react with和发生化学反应2at the top在顶部3at the bottom在底部4add.to.把添加到；往加入5keep.out of使不进入；置身之外.重点句式1“分数/百分数of名词”作主语two-thirds of the earths surface is(be) water.地球表面的三分之二是水。2倍数比较级thanthe earth is forty-nine times larger(large) than the moon.地球比月球大49倍。3it beadj.to doit is hard to think(think) of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。4完全倒装here is(be) a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.这里有一张表格，反应最强烈的金属在上面，反应最弱的在下面。.阅读passage a，完成题目1this passage mainly talks about .athe kind of metalbwhat kind of metal reacts mostcthe reaction of metals with different substancesdhow metals react答案c2which of the following metals reacts the most with water?acopper. biron.caluminium. dsodium.答案d3when heated in oxygen， will react partially.azinc bcoppercpotassium dall metals答案b4according to the passage，it can be inferred that will have less use in making kitchen tools.aaluminium bironcsteel dcopper答案a.阅读passage b，完成题目1what should be included in a description of an experiment?(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 答案(1)aim(2)apparatus(3)method(4)result(5)conclusion2the experiment shows us .ahow iron rusts with airbiron is quite easy to rustchow to prevent iron from rustingdhow iron reacts with air and with water答案d3“air-free water” means .aair with a lot of waterbair without watercwater with a lot of airdwater without air答案d4if some clean iron nails are put in a damp place for a week，the nails will .arust bnot rustcform an oxide dkeep the place dry答案a.课文难句分析1different metals have different uses，for example，steel is used in cars，and iron is used in electrical equipment.句式分析 本句的主干为：different metals have different uses。for example作插入语，其后的句子是对主句的内容进行举例说明，是由并列连词and连接的两个分句。自主翻译 不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。2when we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.句式分析 本句为复合句。when引导的是时间状语从句；it为形式主语，不定式to know.为真正的主语；know后面是how引导的宾语从句。自主翻译 当我们使用金属时，了解金属和不同的物质(例如水和氧气)如何发生反应很重要。重点词汇1when you heat a metal，it expands.当你加热金属时，它就会膨胀。(1)expand vi.膨胀；扩大，扩充；阐述expand on/upon详述；详细阐明o.使扩大为(2)expansion n膨胀；扩张(1)he expanded his short story into a book.他把他的短篇小说扩充成了一本书。(2)he expanded on/upon his new theory in his book.在他的书中他详细阐述了他的新理论。(3)the suburbs are an expansion(expand) of cities.这些郊区是城区的延伸。(4)their expanding(expand) business became a large corporation in 1996.他们正在扩大的生意在1996年变成了一个大公司。2aim n目的；目标；瞄准；v.力求达到；瞄准；对准with the aim of为了achieve ones aim达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标take aim (at.)(向)瞄准without aim漫无目的地力争做到某事be aimed at目的是，旨在(1)the aim of the course is to improve students reading skills.这门课程的目标是提高学生的阅读技能。(2)living without aim is like sailing without compass.生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。(3)his brother aims to be(be) a policeman.他哥哥的理想是当一名警察。(4)he went to shanghai with the aim of finding a job.为了找一份工作他去了上海。单句改错(5)when the smart hunter found an aim in the distance，he took an aim at it immediately.3different metals have different uses，for example，steel is used in cars，and iron is used in electrical equipment.不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。(1)equipment n设备；装备注意：equipment为不可数名词，表示件/套数用piece/set。(2)equip v装备equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/某物equip sb.for sth./to do sth.使某人有能力做某事be equipped with.配备有；装有(1)as students，we should equip ourselves with knowledge.作为学生，我们应该用知识来武装自己。(2)they are equipping themselves for a journey.他们在准备行装。(3)you should be equipped(equip) with a pencil and an eraser for the exam.考前你应该准备一支铅笔和一个橡皮。(4)your education will equip you to earn(earn) a good living.你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活。单句改错(5)our school bought a lot of advanced to equip our labs.4when we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.当我们使用金属时，了解金属和不同的物质(例如水和氧气)如何发生反应很重要。(1)react vi.(化学)反应react with与发生化学反应react to sb./sth.对某人/某物作出反应react against sb./sth.反对/反抗某人/某物react on/upon sb./sth.对某人/某物有影响(2)reaction n反应；起作用(常与to连用)(1)you never know how he is going to react to the news.你根本不知道他会对这个消息作何反应。(2)unkindness often reacts on/upon the unkind person.恶有恶报。(3)i made friends with the natives，and their reaction (react) amazed me.我和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让我吃惊。(2016浙江)(4)they reacted strongly against the suggestion，so we had to discuss again.他们强烈反对这个建议，所以我们只好再讨论。一句多译(5)你父母对你的决定是什么反应？what was your parents reaction to your decision？(reaction)how did your parents react to your decision？(react)5conclusion：iron does not rust in dry air.结论：铁在干燥的空气中不会生锈。(1)conclusion n结论arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论bring.to a conclusion使结束(2)conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出；议定；决定conclude.以结束conclude from从得出结论to concludein conclusion最后，总之(1)i arrived at/came to/drew/reached the conclusion that hed been lying.我断定他是在说谎。(2)it can be concluded from the passage that “patty poem” leads the writer to discover the power of poetry.从文章中可以推断出，“patty poem”使得作者发现了诗歌的力量。(2016上海)(3)let me conclude my speech with a saying：where there is a will，there is a way.让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：有志者，事竟成。(4)in conclusion，id like to say that the work has been well done.最后，我想说这工作做得不错。(5)i will bring the story quickly to a conclusion.让我尽快结束这个故事。单句改错(6)the prime minister was concluded by saying that he was satisfied with his visit in china.6add some oil to the water.往水中加些油。add.to.往加入，把加到add (.) up把加起来add to增加add up to合计，总共add that.补充说(1)add your scores up and lets see who will win.把你们的分数加起来，让我们看一下谁会赢。(2)his whole education adds up to no more than two months.他接受的全部教育不超过两个月。一句多译(3)三加四等于七。three added to four makes seven.(add to)three and four add(s) up to seven.(add up to)if you add three to four，you will get seven.(add.to.)7form vt.& vi.形成，养成；n.形式；表格form the habit of.养成的习惯in the form of.以的形式fill in/out a form填表格a form of.一种(1)he has formed the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.他养成了早睡早起的习惯。(2)another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.关于电视的另外一个争议是，作为一种娱乐形式，它取代了阅读。(2015广东)(3)if you want to get the job，you should fill in/out the form first.如果你想得到这份工作，你首先应该填一下这个表格。(4)his diet is not healthy because it contains lots of fat in the form of meat，cakes and cream.他的饮食不健康，因为它包含很多以肉、蛋糕和奶油形式存在的脂肪。经典句式1two-thirds of the earths surface is water.地球表面的三分之二是水。句中的twothirds意为“三分之二”。分数的构成是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母序数词加s。注意：当分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于后面的名词。若这个名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。(1)two-thirds of the students are(be) in favour of the plan.三分之二的学生赞成这个计划。(2)mother used only half of the money，the rest of which is(be) saved for other purposes.妈妈用了一半的钱，其余的存起来另作他用。单句改错(3)fifty percent of the water from the underground.2here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.这里有一张表格，反应最强烈的金属在上面，反应最弱的在下面。表示方位、时间等的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装，即把谓语动词整个提到主语前。这类副词有here，there，now，then，in，out，below等。但是如果主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。(1)there goes the last train.最后一班火车开走了。(2)in each room are ten students.每个房间里有十个学生。(3)among the people was my friend jason.这些人中有我的朋友jason。(4)away they went.他们走开了。.单句语法填空1please observe the mixture(mix) and write down what you will have seen.2there were perhaps two main conclusions(conclude) to be drawn from the above discussion.3i wasnt sure how you would react to the decision.4after a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment(equip) was damaged.5add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.6i found something large floating(float) in the sea about a mile away from the shore.7only one-third of the work has been done(do) by now，so we will have to work deep into the night.8its careless of you to make(make) so many mistakes in this exam.9mike added that his father disagreed with his decision.10my remarks were not aimed(aim) at you.完成句子11我们的教室比他们的大三倍。(比较级than)our classroom is three times bigger than theirs.12每天练习说英语对我们来说很重要。it is important for us to practise speaking english every day.13这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。two-thirds of the population of the country are farmers.14这个城镇的南面坐落着一所学校。in the south of the town lies a school.15别让这种事再发生了。(祈使句)dont let this type of things happen again.课文语法填空different metals have different uses.when we use metals，it is important 16.to know(know) how they react with different substances.the 17.reaction(react) of metals with these substances can 18.be put(put) in order.from the table，we can find that potassium reacts most with oxygen and water 19.while copper doesnt react with water.when we heat calcium in oxygen，it burns 20.to form(form) an oxide.in the second part of the experiment，you must boil the water 21.to make(make) sure there is no air in it.you add some oil to the water 22.because this keeps air out of it.it also shows that iron doesnt rust in water 23.without air in it.24.however，the nails rust in the tube with ordinary water in the third part of the experiment.that is 25.how iron reacts with air and with water.阅读理解a(2018河北承德二中高一上月考)“indeed，” george washington wrote in his diary in 1785，“some kind of fly，or bug，had begun to eat the leaves before i left home.” but the father of america was not the father of bug.when washington wrote that，englishmen had been referring to insects(昆虫) as bugs for more than a century，and americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫)but the english were soon to stop using the bugs in their language，leaving it to the americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.the american bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.although fan became the usual term，sports fans used to be called racing bugs，baseball bugs，and the like.or the bug could be a small machine or object，for example，a bug-shaped car.the bug could also be a burglar alarm，from which comes the expression to bug，that is，“to install(安装) an alarm”now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversation.since the 1840s，“to bug” has long meant “to cheat”，and since the 1940s it has been annoying.we also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.that meaning dates back to the time of thomas edison.in 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.in 1889 it was recorded that edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player”1we learn from paragraph 1 that .aamericans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugbgeorge washington was the first person to call an insect a bugcthe word bug was still popularly used in england in the nineteenth centurydboth englishmen and americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century答案d解析推理判断题。 根据第一段中“when washington wrote that，englishmen had been referring to insects(昆虫) as bugs for more than a century(当华盛顿写那件事时，英国人已经把昆虫称作bug一个多世纪了)”可知答案选d。2what does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?aexplanation. bfinding.corigin. dfault.答案d解析词义猜测题。 根据“that meaning dates back to the time of thomas edison.in 1878 he explained bugs as little problems and difficulties(这个含义可追溯到爱迪生时代。在1878年，他把bug称为小的问题和麻烦)”可知答案为d。 3the passage is mainly concerned with .athe misunderstanding of the word bugbthe development of the word bugcthe public views of the word bugdthe special characteristics of the word bug答案b解析主旨大意题。纵观全文可知：本文向读者介绍了单词bug含义的发展演变。b(2017安徽晓天中学高一上月考)edwin hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s.today，other astronomers continue the work he began.many of them are using the hubble space telescope that is named after him.edwin powell hubble was born in 1889 in marshfield，missouri.he spent his early years in the state of kentucky.then he moved with his family to chicago，in louisville.he attended the university of chicago.he studied mathematics and astronomy.hubble was a good student.he was a good athlete，too.he was a member of the university of chicago championship basketball team in 1909.he also was an excellent boxer.several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college.instead，he decided to continue his studies.he went to queens college at oxford，england.at oxford，hubble studied law.he was interested in british common law，because his family had come to america from england many years before.he spent three years at oxford.in 1913，hubble returned to the united states.he opened a law office in louisville，kentucky.after a short time，however，he decided he did not want to be a lawyer.he returned to the university of chicago.there，once again，he studied astronomy.edwin hubble was the first person to use the hale telescope.he died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky.hubbles work led to new researches on the birth of the universe.one astronomer said scientists had been filling in the details ever since.and，he said，theres a long way to go.4according to this passage edwin hubble was most interested in .asports blawcastronomy dmathematics答案c解析细节理解题。第二段和第三段描述了哈勃的学习历程，其中提到了他所涉猎的学科，根据最后的选择能看出他对天文学最感兴趣。5edwin hubble returned to the university of chicago because .ahe was interested in british common lawbhe was eager to be a famous judge in futurechis parents had been to britain a few years beforedhe wanted to go on with the study of astronomy答案d解析细节理解题。由第三段倒数第三、四句“he returned to the university of chicago.there，once again，he studied astronomy.”可知，他回到芝加哥大学的目的是为了继续学习天文学。 6which of the following is the right order according to this passage?ahe joined the university of chicago championship basketball team.bhe studied astronomy at the university of chicago once again.che moved to louisville with his family.dhe used the hale telescope to look at the sky.ehe became a lawyer in louisville for a short period of time.ac，a，b，d，e ba，c，b，e，dcc，a，e，b，d da，b，d，e，c答案c解析细节排序题。根据全文的介绍可知，哈勃先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔，然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队，之后他从英国回来做了一段时间的律师，然后又学习天文学，最后第一个使用了hale望远镜。 7from this passage we can know that .athe hubble space telescope was made by hubble himselfbedwin powell hubble went to oxford，england in 1910cedwin powell hubble grew up in marshfield，missouridhubble died while he was looking at the sky答案b解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he spent three years at oxford.in 1913，hubble returned to the united states.”可推知，他是于1910年去的英国，三年后又回到美国。.完形填空(2018山西运城芮城中学、运城中学高一上期中联考)“two reporters will visit our new school.and 8 of you will be in the photo，” ms myers told room 5.the kids in room 5 started saying “im the most 9 ！” and doing their hair except brad.he knew he wouldnt be in the 10 .brad was small.kids were always making jokes about how 11 he was.“they wont put brad in the photo 12 youd need a magnifying glass(放大镜) to see him，” charlotte said.the other kids laughed.brad tr