高考英语人教版选修七要点点拨课件：Unit 2.ppt

unit2 robots 学习目标展示 背景知识链接 hollywood stheorythatmachineswithevil 邪恶的 mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence ai maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant in1960awell knownmathematiciannorbertwiener whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics 控制论 putitthisway ifweuse toachieveourpurposes amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere 干预 wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings awishtopreserveitsownexistence forthemachine thisqualityisnotin born norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask ifwearenotcareful then wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown withtherealworldasthechessboard thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld unfortunately thatplanseemsunlikelytowork wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans letalonesuperintelligentmachines solvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinaiseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand asithasbeenbysomeairesearchers somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans otherssaywecanjust switchthemoff asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility stillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentaiwillneverhappen onseptember11 1933 famousphysicisternestrutherfordstated withconfidence anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine however onseptember12 1933 physicistleoszilardinventedtheneutron induced 中子诱导 nuclearchainreaction 文章大意 这是一篇科技说明文 文中主要介绍了人工智能 ai 随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题等相关信息 1 paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay a runoutofhumancontrolb satisfyhuman srealdesiresc commandarmiesofkillerrobotsd workfasterthanamathematician a 解析 考查推理判断 根据第一段中的 therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence ai maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant 可知 人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标 而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的 所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制 2 machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto a preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedb achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyc doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersd beathumansininternationalchessmatches解析 考查细节理解 根据第二段中的 amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings awishtopreserveitsownexistence 可知 智能机器可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁 a 3 accordingtosomeresearchers wecanusefirewallsto a helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterb besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsc keepmachinesfrombeingharmedd avoidrobots affectingtheworld解析 考查细节理解 根据第三段中的 someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld 可知 有些研究者认为可用防火墙防止机器人影响世界 d 4 whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines a itwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofai b itwillgetworsewithhumaninte