英美概况习题集.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除英美概况习题集(美国部分)Chapter IExercises I. Choose the correct answer. 1. In area, the United States is the _ largest country in the world. a. 2nd b. 3rd c. 4th. d. 5th 2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region _. a. west of the Mississippi Valley b. west of the Appalachian Mountains c. east of the Rocky Mountains d. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley 3. The Backbone of North America refers to the _. a. Appalachina Mountains b. Rocky Mountains c. Cascade Mountains d. d. Sierra Nevada Mountains. 4. Death Valley is on the western edge of _. a. the Great Basin b. California c. the Rocky Mountains d. the Sierra Nevada Mountains 5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer?a. The Deep South. b. The Middle West. c. The Great Plains.d. The Central Valley of California. 6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US?a. The region around the Great Lakes. b. The western part of Washington State. c. The Middle Atlantic States. d. The Central Valley of California. 7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except _. a. Canada b. Japan c. Venezuela d. Saudi Arabia 8. The US largest open pit copper- mining center is in _. a. California b. Utah c. Montana d. South Dakota. II. Fill in the blanks. 1. The United States is bordered on the north by _, on the south by _ and _, on the east by _, and on the west by _. 2. According to the text, the large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas: A. _. B. _ C. _. 3. The Middle Atlantic States are the _ populated region in the US, where the land is _ and _. 4. The Central Valley of California is a highly _ area, which produced enormous amounts of _ and _. 5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of _ and _, and from onshore areas of _, _, and _. Her big consumption of energy now has mode America _ in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has remained consistently in the _ range. 6. The United States has _ trouble caused by the shortage of _ water. Farmlands in the US making up about _- of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the _ and most _. III. Questions for discussion 1. How many states are there in the untied states? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? 2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains? 3. Do you think that geography has played an important role in the economic development of the United States? Explain. Chapter IIExercises I. Chose the correct answer. 1. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of _ ancestry. a. Spanish b. French c. British d. Dutch 2. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s?a. About 270,000. b. About 700,000. c. About 675,000 d,. About 8,000,000.3. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until _. a. 1860. b. 1863 c. 1918 d. 199454. American Indians now mainly live in the _. a. South b. West c. Midwest d. Northest 5. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except _. a. Mexico b. Cuba c. Spain d. Puerto Rico .6. Accrding to the text, which region now leads in percentage increase in population ? a. The Norheast b. The Great Plains. C. The South d. The West . 7. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is _. a. California b. New York c. Texas d. Washington 8. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except _. a. the Northeast b. the South c. the Midwest d. the west II. Fill in the blanks. 1. The United States in the _most populous nation in the world. Her resident population reached the _ million mark in 1990. 2. Prior to _ anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up _ there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of _, _, and _. The 19952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed _ as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for _- workers and for _ of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrant to _- each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to _ from 1992 to 1995 and _ thereafter. 3. The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as _, but soon after 1619 they were brought to colonies as _. The blacks were formally freed in _, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the _, some have entered the middle class, but one third of all back families still live below the _. 4. The Chinese Americans have proved to the _ and _. They are now viewed as a “_” in the US. According to the 1990 US census, there were over 1.6 million Chinese- Americans living in the US. This figure is more than _ what it was in 1980. III. Questions for discussion 1. Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States? 3. Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs? Chapter IIIExercisesI. Choose the correct answer. 1. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indians came from _. a. Europe b. Africa c. Asia d. Mongolia. 2. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid- 15th century? a. The ambition for the vast lands. b. The strong desire for Eastern goods. c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture. d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissance. 3.On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach _. a. the New world b. the West Indies c. India d. America 4. Among the following navigators who discovered the routs to India? a. Christopher Columbus.b. Vasco da Gama. c. Bartholomeu Diaz d. Ferdinand Magellan. 5. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the East? a. Jacquest Cartier b. John Cabot .c. Bartholomeu Diaz. d. Ferdinand Magellan. 6. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the English? a. Virginia b. Massachusetts. c. New York d. Georgia. 7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except _. a. New York b. Pennsylvania c. Maryland d. Virginia 8. The last one of the 13 colonies was _ , which was established in 1733. a. North Carolina b. South Carolina c. Georgia d. Maryland II. Fill in the blanks. 1. In 1488 Bartholomeu Diaz, sailing under the _ flag, went to _ at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by the ruler of _, sailed west across the _ Ocean and discovered the islands of _. He was convinced he had found the continent of _.2. The South America was discovered by _ who showed the lands he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named _ after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in _. In 1620, _ and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up _, which was a plan for a democratic government.4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: _.b. Proprietary: _.c. Self-governing: _.5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they became a center for _ and _. The middle colonies were known as the _, which produced _ and _ as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a _ system. The main crop in the South was _. Much later, _ became important crop.III. Questions for Discussion1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.2. Why did the discovery of the New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?3. Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?5. Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?Chapter IVExercisesI. Choose the correct answer.1.There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 colonies after _.a. 1760b. 1763c. 1764d. 17672.Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies?a. The Sugar Act of 1764.b. The Stamp Act of 1765.c. The Quartering Act of 1765.d. The Tea Act of 1773.3.The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to _.a. get more money from the coloniesb. provide cheap tea for the American consumersc. help the British East India Companyd. monopolize the American tea business4.The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except _.a. Delawareb. Pennsylvaniac. Massachusettsd. Georgia5.The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in _.a. Concordb. Lexingtonc. Philadelphiad. Boston6.Thomas Paines Common Sense urged the American colonists to _.a. abolish slavery in the coloniesb. continue a shipping trade with Englandc. win independence through peaceful meansd. declare their independence7.The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was _ .a. Benjamin Franklinb. Thomas Jeffersonc. George Washingtond. John Adams8.Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence?a. The victory at Trenton.b. The victory at Boston.c. The victory at Saratoga.d. The victory at Yorktown.II. Fill in the blanks.1.During the colonial days the English ruling class did every thing they could to _ the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to _ and not compete with English industry.2.Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with _, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The _ Act of 1764 and the _ Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3.The Sons of Liberty was formed in _ to organize the opposition to the _ Act. They favored to take _ action to the stamp collectors.4. The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in _. The majority of the representatives still favored to take _ means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to _ in to their demands. This united action could be called _.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, _. Karl Marx once called it “_”.6. The American War of Independence lasted _ years. The fighting was actually ended in _, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in _. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the _ on the west and from the _ on the north to Spanish _ on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of _ who fought against the British.III. Questions for Discussion1.What were the Royal Order, the Currency Act, the Quartering Act, and the Declaratory Act?2.What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?Chapter VExercisesI.Choose the correct answer.1.The Confederation created in 1781 was a _.a. very loose union of statesb. very powerful central governmentc. very firm league of statesd. weak government without the legislative power 2. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution?a. George Washington.b. Benjamin Franklin.c. Alexander Hamilton. d. James Madison.3.According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that _.a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws, another to execute them, and a third to settle questions of lawb. the three branches should be able to check and balance the otherc. the national government is a government of the people, and not of states aloned. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states 4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called _. a. Democratsb. Republicansc. Federalistsd. Untifederalists5.How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?a. Eightb. Ninec. Elevend. Thirteen 6.Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers?a. They support the ratification of the Constitution.b. They defend the principles of the Constitution.c. They help dispel the fears of a national authority.d. They spell out the peoples right. 7.The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least _ of the states.a. one-thirdb. two-thirdsc. three-fourthsd. three-fifths8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was _.a. Thomas Jeffersonb. James Madisonc. John Adamsd. James MonroeII. Fill in the blanks.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a _; it had no separate _ and _ divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and _ their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in _. _ delegates from all states except _ attended the opening session. The president of the convention was _.3. The Untifederalists _ the constitution and preferred a more _ federal system of government.4.George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in _. The first Vice-President was _. The first Secretary of Treasury was _, and the first Secretary of State was _.5. The most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the _, which was about _ square miles. The Purchase _ the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the _. This war lasted _ years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national _ and _. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a _ economy into a really _ national economy.III. Questions for Discussion1. What is confederation?2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederastion and under the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?4. What was the Bill of Rights?5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?Chapter VIExercisesI. Choose the correct answer.1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except _.A. non-colonization B. America for AmericansC. non-interventionD. Latin America for Europeans2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by _.A. 1840B. 1845C. 1846D. 18483. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the _.A. use of irrigation on plantationB. Whitneys cotton ginC. slave labour D. improved agricultural techniques4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some _.A. slaveholdersB. abolitionistsC. democratsD. proslavery persons5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he _.A. would abolish slavery in the SouthB. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the UnionC. would wage a war against slaveryD. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South6. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate?A. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.B. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.C. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.D. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.7. The most important advantage the North had over the South in the civil War was its _.A. manpower B. superior military leadershipC. European allies D. industrial superiority8. An advantage th