人教版 选修六 Unit 4 Global warming Grammar课件 （55张PPT）.ppt

unit4globalwarming it的用法 二 之强调句型 肯定句 itis was 被强调部分 that who 句子剩余部分 强调句可用来强调除谓语以外的其它成分 如主语 宾语 状语等 被强调的成分可以是一个词 一个短语 也可以是一个从句 否定句 itis was not 被强调部分 that who 句子剩余部分 一 强调句的结构 例 昨晚在街上我看到他了 isawhimonthestreetlastnight 主语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 强调主语 强调宾语 强调地点状语 强调时间状语 itwasithat whosawhimonthestreetlastnight itwashimthat whoisawonthestreetlastnight itwasonthestreetthatisawhimlastnight itwaslastnightthatisawhimonthestreet 强调主语 强调宾语 强调地点状语 强调时间状语 itwasithat whosawhimonthestreetlastnight itwashimthat whoisawonthestreetlastnight itwasonthestreetthatisawhimlastnight itwaslastnightthatisawhimonthestreet 一般疑问句 is was it 被强调部分 that 句子剩余部分 wasitithat whosawhimonthestreetlastnight wasithimthat whoisawonthestreetlastnight wasitonthestreetthatisawhimlastnight wasitlastnightthatisawhimonthestreet 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 is was it that 句子的其它部分 wasitithat whosawhimonthestreetlastnight wasithimthat whoisawonthestreetlastnight wasitonthestreetthatisawhimlastnight wasitlastnightthatisawhimonthestreet whowasitthatsawhimonthestreetlastnight whomwasitthatisawonthestreetlastnight wherewasitthatisawhimlastnight whenwasitthatisawhimonthestreet canyoutellmewhatitisthathasmadehimsoupsetthesedays whatisitthathasmadehimsoupsetthesedays canyoutellme 注意 强调句的特殊疑问句放在及物动词后作宾语从句时 要用陈述句语序 如 1 was thatisawlastnightattheconcert no itwasn t a ityoub notyouc youd thatyourself 2 wherewasit youfoundthelostchild a whob thatc whichd what 3 electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife a whywasitthatb whyisitthatc whyisitd whyitisthat b 4 ireallydon tknow ihadmymoneystolen a whereisitthatb whenitisthatc whereitwasthatd itwaswherethat c 二 强调句的几项注意 2 be动词的形式是is或was 不能用复数形式are或were 1 句首词用 it 不能用 this that 等 1 it mikeandmarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago a isb arec wered was 2 it atchristmasthatjohnsmithgavemaryahandbag a musthaveb willbec mighthavebeend mayhavehad c 注意 强调句型中的be动词可以和情态动词结合 句式特征如 itmaybe 被强调部分 that itmust mighthavebeen 被强调部分 that 如 1 itmaybenextweekthatsheleavesfortokyo 2 itmighthavebeenjohn boughtanewbookformaryyesterday a whatb sincec thatd then c 1 isit whowantstoseeyou a himb hec hisd himself 2 itwas whorespectedalltheirteachers a themb theirc theyd themselves 3 whatismary wasit thatyouwerereferredto a heb shec herd they 3 被强调的部分如果是代词 强调主语用主格 强调宾语用宾格 4 强调句的连接词一般用that 当强调部分是人时 既可用that也可用who 当强调部分是时间 地点 原因或方式状语时 不能用when where why或how 而要用that 1 itwasonoctober1st1949 newchinawasfounded a whichb whenc asd that 2 itwasatthegate hetoldmethenews a thatb whatc whichd when 3 wasitinthispalace thelastemperordied a thatb inwhichc inwhered which 4 itwasforthisreason herunclemovedoutofnewyorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage a whichb whyc thatd how c 5 itisbecauseheistooyoung hedoesnotunderstandit asb soc thatd what c 1 itismarywhooften help mewithmyenglish 2 itisithat be againstyou 3 itismrgreen togetherwithhiswifeandchildren that inchinanow a areb isc wasd were helps am 5 主谓一致问题 被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致 另外 在强调句型中 有时也考察用ratherthan not but 等连接的平行对比结构 此时既要注重比较结构 又要注意主谓一致 属于较复杂的句式 常见的句式特征为 itis wasnot but that 不是 而是 that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致 itis was ratherthan that 是 而不是 that后的动词应与ratherthan前的名词或代词保持一致 如 1 itisnothelpbutobstaclesthatmakeaman 简析 使人成才的 不是助力 而是阻力 obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系 2 personallyithinkitisthesalesmanager ratherthanthesalesgirls toblame a isb thatisc ared whoare b 句式特征为 itis was 被强调部分 that isn t wasn tit 例 itwasaliceandherboyfriendwhosenttheoldmantothehospital a dotheyb didn ttheyc wasn titd wasit 6 强调句型的反意疑问句形式 c 7 not until结构的强调 强调 not until 引导的时间状语时 要用 itis wasnotuntil that 结构 译为 直到 才 that后面的句子要用肯定式 且须用陈述句语序 eg wedidnotgetoffthebusuntilitstopped itwasnotuntilitstoppedthatwegotoffthebus 1 itwasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastbegan a whileb whichc thatd since 2 itwasnot shetookoffherdarkglasses irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar a when thatb until thatc until whend when then 3 itwas backhomeaftertheexperiment a notuntilmidnightdidhegob untilmidnightthathedidn tgoc notuntilmidnightthathewentd untilmidnightwhenhedidn tgo 句式特征为 1 整个强调句型用作名词性从句 或2 在强调句型中含有名词性从句 8 强调句型和名词性从句的结合 例 i veforgotten youputthepen a thatitwasthereb whereitwasthatc thatwhereitwasd whereitwasthat 简析 本题是经过变形的强调句型放在forgotten后作宾语从句的体现 为了更好地理解 我们分三步对其进行讨论 第一步 复原强调句 如 itwasonthedeskthatiputthepen 第二步 对划线部分提问 wherewasitthatyouputthepen 第三步 将其放forgotten后作宾语从句 变为陈述语序 则变成 i vealreadyforgottenwhereitwasthatyouputthepen 我们再看一个强调句型中含有同位语从句的例子 简析 本题答案为d 第一个that为强调句型中的that 第二个that引导同位语从句 说明decision的内容 itwasattheverybeginning mr foxmadethedecision weshouldsendmorefirefightersthere a when whichb where whatc then sod that that 句式特征为 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词 附上修饰该部分的定语从句 这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂 应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that who部分 9 强调句型和定语从句的结合 例1 itwasinthesmallhouse wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather hespenthischildhood a which thatb that wherec which whichd that which 简析 本题含义为 是在这间小房子里他度过了童年 thesmallhouse作先行词 其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词 第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that 故答案选a 简析 划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time 本题中有两个that 最大的误会就是把二者弄混 第一个that是强调句型中的 第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的 因其作spent的宾语 可换成which 也可以省去 例2 itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimethatheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons 1 itwasinthe1990s greatchangesweretakingplaceinchina hemadealotofmoney that whenb duringwhich thatc that thatd that where 强调部分inthe1990s后跟了一个非限定性定语从句 2 itwasintheschool ioncestudied weheldaparty where thatb which thatc that whered that inwhich whereioncestudied为非限定性定语从句修饰school 3 wasitbill playsfootballwell helpedtheblindmancrosstheroad that thatb who thatc who whoc that who who引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰bill that指代被强调部分bill 句式特征为 在一定的上下文语境中 强调句型的某个部分可以省略 作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较 1 whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden thechildren a itisb theyarec thatisd thereare 简析 强调句型在具体的语境中省略 其完整形式应是 itisthechildrenwho thataremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden 10 强调句型的省略形式 2 hewasnearlydrownedonce whenwas wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool a that itb this thisc this itd that this 简析 第一空that指代前面他差点被淹死这件事 第二空的it是强调句的标志词 whenhewasinmiddleschool 为定语从句 修饰1998 其后省去了thathewasnearlydrownedonce 此题如把关系副词when也挖空 则很容易误选that 答案选a 3 wheredidyoumeethim itwasinthepark heworked a thatb wherec inwhichd when 这是个强调句的省略句 完整句子是 itwasintheparkwhereheworkedthatimethim 三 强调句与其它从句的区别 1 强调句型的判断 把itis was that who 去掉后 适当调整语序 剩下的部分句意完整 不缺任何成分 那么这个句子就是强调句 如果句子不完整 则不是强调句 注意 强调句这一特点是区分强调句和其它从句的关键 itwasyesterdaythatiboughtabook yesterdayiboughtabook 主要从以下两方面考虑 1 强调句式 itis was that who 可去掉 不影响句意 剩下的词能单独组成一个完整的句子 而包含定语从句的句子不能这样做 2 itis was 后 若是名词及名词词组 其后一般是定语从句 若是副词 介词短语 则句子属强调句式 2 强调句型与和定语从句的区别 请写出正确的引导词1 itwasonthefarm wemeteachother2 itwasthefarm wemeteachother 3 itwasonthatday wemeteachother 4 itwasthatday wemeteachother that where 强调句式 定语从句 when that 强调句式 定语从句 3 强调句型与主语从句的区别 强调句型中去掉itbe that后 句子仍然通顺 意义也依然完整 而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词 后面多为系表结构或被动语态 如果去掉itbe that 句子就不通顺了 如 主语从句 itiscertainthatheishonest 强调句 itwasonthestreetthatisawhim isawhimonthestreet itwas5o clockintheafternoon igothome itwasat5o clockintheafternoon igothome when that 4 强调句型与状语从句的区别 状语从句 强调句型 去掉itwas that后 剩下 igothomeat5o clockintheafternoon 句子仍然通顺 四 强调句型的形近句型 itisimportantthatwe should learnenglishwell itisafactthatenglishisveryimportant itisreportedthatenglishisgettingmoreandmoreimportantnow 1 itis was adj n 过去分词 that从句 该句型中的it是形式主语 that引导的从句是真正的主语从句 如 itistwomonthssincehefellill 他病了两个月了 itistwomonthssincehewasill 他病好已经两个 2 itis hasbeen 时间段 since从句 如果since和延续性动词连用 则意为 某人不做某事已有多久了 如和短暂动词连用 则为 某人做某事已有多久了 如 3 itwas willbe 时间段 before从句表示 多久后才 itwasalongtimebeforetheymetagain 很长时间后他们才再次见面 itwillbealongtimebeforetheymeetagain 要过很久后他们才会再见面 itwas1949whenthepeople srepublicofchinawasfounded 4 itbe 时间点 when从句表示 某事发生时正是 时候 试比较强调句型句 itwasin1949thatthepeople srepublicofchinawasfounded 去掉it was that后仍是一个完整的句子 wasitonalonelyisland hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown whereb thatc whichd what 2 itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo benefitsourworkmost whob whichc thatd what