2015年02月12日雅思阅读考题回顾_英语考试_外语学习_教育专区.pdf

朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 雅思考试阅读考题回顾雅思考试阅读考题回顾 朗阁海外考试研究中心朗阁海外考试研究中心 徐航徐航 考试日期考试日期 2015 年年 2 月月 12 日日 Reading Passage 1 Title Role of Managers What do managers do 经理人角色 管理类 经理人角色 管理类 Question types 分类题 6 题 判断题 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN 5 题 多选题 2 题 文章内容回顾文章内容回顾 原文是关于 manager 的新研究及研究结果 介绍管理学大师亨利 明茨 伯格 Henry Mintzberg 的经理角色理论 1 6 分类题 文中提到明氏对经理人角色的 3 种分类 A 说经理人主要发挥的是仪式性的角色作用 如同大学校长颁发毕业 证书 还包括人员的招聘培训等 B 主要是信息的发布和联络人 C 实际决策作用 问某种行为属于第几种 1 负责企业的发展计划 scheme 选 C 2 主持仪式 选 A 3 使用资金 选 C 4 研究竞争对手动向 选 B 5 告知员工消息 选 B 6 招聘新人 选 A 7 11 判断题 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN 7 说以前关于经理人角色的理论不容易理解 原文说了以前的理论非 常的 simple FALSE 8 说 MS 的理论挑战了以前 well established 的理论 TRUE 9 NOT GIVEN 10 FALSE 11 FALSE 12 13 多选题 最后两段说了 MS 学者的理论的积极面是哪两点 12 选 B 带 带 divide 的选项 的选项 原文倒数第二段说 elaborate classification 13 选 E 带 带 fresh way 的选项 的选项 原文最后一段说关于经理人角色理论 要 give a new insight 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 相关原文阅读相关原文阅读 The role of a Development Manager can be a very stressful one You are the man in the middle being pulled in different directions by management customers sales developers etc If you are doing your job well nobody notices things work fluently the work gets done without drama and everyone gets what they want If things go wrong no matter what the cause then it is your fault The secret to being successful as a Development Manager is managing expectations and making sure everyone understands your role is the first step Both you and the people you work with need to agree on what is expected of you as a Development Manager I have seen job postings for Development Managers that leave me shaking my head One required in depth knowledge of a large number of a programming languages and environments in another the position was 66 why not 2 3rds programming still others required PMO certification and this list could go on While I agree the role of the Development Manager is sort of nebulous job postings like these give me the feeling that the companies posting the jobs really have not thought about the role This is a recipe for disaster for both the company and anyone hired under these conditions As Development Manager you have a number of responsibilities but the primary one is to get a product out the door Your goal is deliver results to the customer or market and do everything necessary to achieve this To do this you need to make sure the development team is able to work as efficiently as possible and this means making sure they have clear goals both short term and long term and that nothing prevents them from doing their work From the initial project scope to deploying the product out to customer sites each step is your responsibility You can and should delegate as much as you can but be ready to check that things are being done as you want and be ready to jump in if it is not Project Scoping As Development Manager you need to know how to scope out a project Depending on your organization and how you work with outside groups this could be a major part of your work If you regularly take on projects on behalf of 3rd parties then you should know how to respond to an RFP Request For Proposal complete with Deliverables Time Lines Budget etc Even if you only deal with internal projects without a formal document system you should get in the habit of putting together a Project Scope Document for every project Also if you are practicing Agile development these 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations documents need to be living things and maintained and updated as the project progresses Over Head Projects This is part of Project Scoping but it deserves a separate paragraph I ve heard people talk about Over Head projects that don t need a budget and time line This is so wrong A failure to work out what the cost and deliverables are on these Over Head projects can stifle your team as they eat into your schedule and divert resources away from other work Every project you undertake has at least an internal cost and at least one deliverable You need to be able to negotiate both with the other stake holders for everything you undertake Managing Relationships Remember you are the man in the middle and any failures are going to belong to you even if the cause is something beyond your control You need to keep good and open relationships with the people involved Get to know not just your immediate boss but who he reports to and the people who are on the same level You also need to get to know other stake holders on the projects you manage Make sure they are in the Loop and get regular status updates and have good visibility on what your team is doing Who handles customer relations Besides your boss this is probably the most important person you need to get to know They can manage customer expectations handle complaints real or imagined and provide critical customer contacts On the other hand they can make your life miserable making promises to customers without checking with you posting bug reports that are unnecessary pestering you to deliver on unrealistic time lines etc Get to know you team how long have they been with the company what are the individual strengths and weaknesses Who works well with whom How busy are they Keep track of little things like birthdays anniversaries etc Just acknowledging these little things make for sense of community Making sure that management knows what you are working on and can see your progress is critical to keeping them happy Communication and visibility are key getting this to work I have used all sorts of tools to keep management in the loop and discover more all the time Keep a tool box of programs bulletin boards white 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations boards and anything else you can think of and keep them up to date If the stakeholders understand the challenges you and your team are experiencing then they are less likely have unreal expectation I say less likely but not never Some management will never understand why things don t just work In these cases it may be time to start looking for another job 题型难度分析题型难度分析 第一篇是经典机经旧文 版本号 V091219 收录在很多机经原文练习 里 难度一般 分类题难度不大 判断题 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN 属于顺序类题型 最后的多选选项比较集中 题型技巧分析题型技巧分析 判断题 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN 顺序题型 注意定位词和考点词 注意区分 FALSE 和 NOT GIVEN 的 辨析 FALSE 是指文章有提到信息并且与题目信息对立 NOT GIVEN 是文章没提及题目所问信息 所以考点词的推测对区分 FALSE 和 NOT GIVEN 有很大影响 分类题 类别一般出现 3 5 个 题目没有顺序 属于细节题目 如果类别是时间 段 大写地名 人名可以直接定位 找到相关细节 如果类别比较不 明显 可以结合别的题型一起解决 在做题前先看题目内容 剑桥雅思推荐原文 练习 剑桥雅思推荐原文 练习 剑 6 Test 3 Passage 2 Reading Passage 2 Title Close Relative Chimpanzee 黑猩猩 生物类 黑猩猩 生物类 Question types 细节段落配对 5 题 Summary 填空题 5 题 单选题 3 题 文章内容回顾文章内容回顾 关于 chimpanzee 的文化影响个体行为 遗留下来的物体不能考证人类行为 可通过近亲黑猩猩探究 人类 ape 和 chimpanzee 有相同的 ancestor 填空 提到研究方法 有一道细节段落配对题 以前认为区分人类和其他动物的方法是是否能制造工具 研究发现黑 猩猩也能制造工具 一道细节段落配对题 Thai chimpanzee 使用 stone 和 wood 制造 hammer 填空 黑猩猩会根据情况选择适当的工具 工具很可能是提前做好的 细节 段落配对 黑猩猩使用工具的行为是手把手教出来的 不是遗传 细 节段落配对 Gorme 黑猩猩也发生过有组织的斗争 有一个黑猩猩群体被另一个 exterminated 一道选择题 黑猩猩社会也存在阶层 细节段落配对 目前地位高是黑猩猩能成功的必要条件 黑猩猩和人类的差异主要还在于黑猩猩没有 invent linguistic forms 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 相关原文阅读相关原文阅读 Chimpanzees live in large multi male and multi female social groups which are called communities Within a community the position of an individual and the influence the individual has on others dictates a definite social hierarchy Chimpanzees live in a leaner hierarchy wherein more than one individual may be dominant enough to dominate other members of lower rank Typically a dominant male is referred to as the alpha male The alpha male is the highest ranking male that controls the group and maintains order during disputes In chimpanzee society the dominant male sometimes is not the largest or strongest male but rather the most manipulative and political male that can influence the goings on within a group Male chimpanzees typically attain dominance by cultivating allies who will support that individual during future ambitions for power The alpha male regularly displays by puffing his normally slim coat up to increase view size and charge to seem as threatening and as powerful as possible this behavior serves to intimidate other members and thereby maintain power and authority and it may be fundamental to the alpha male s holding on to his status Lower ranking chimpanzees will show respect by submissively gesturing in body language or reaching out their hands while grunting Female chimpanzees will show deference to the alpha male by presenting their hindquarters Female chimpanzees also have a hierarchy which is influenced by the position of a female individual within a group In some chimpanzee communities the young females may inherit high status from a high ranking mother Dominant females will also ally to dominate lower ranking females whereas males mainly seek dominant status for its associated mating privileges and sometimes violent domination of subordinates females seek dominant status to acquire such resources as food High ranking females often have first access Both genders acquire dominant status to improve social standing within a group Community female acceptance is necessary for alpha male status females must ensure that their group visits places that supply them with enough food A group of dominant females will sometimes oust an alpha male which is not to their preference and back another male in whom they see potential for leading the group as a successful alpha male 题型难度分析题型难度分析 14 18 细节段落配对 14 选 F 15 选 H 16 选 D 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 17 选 C 19 23 Summary 填空题 19 culture 20 ancestor 21 termite fishing wand 22 stone 23 wood 24 26 单选题 24 选 C 25 选 C 26 选 A 文章是机经原文 版本号 V120630 有考生在备考中看过原文 段落 细节配对题增加了文章难度 summary 填空题题量是 5 题 单选易错 3 题 本次考试难度在第二篇文章里有所提升 体现在段落细节配对 题型技巧分析题型技巧分析 单选题 由题干和 4 个选项构成 基本上题干可以用来定位 如果根据题干无 法准确定位 从选项反推即可 正确选项一般是对文章的改写 注意 同义转换 错误的选项有的是干扰项 非常容易误选 也有的是文章 未提及的内容 应排除 单选题难度不大 但错误率高 一般出 2 5 题 段落细节信息配对题 1 无序 2 注意有可能出现 NB 3 注意大量题目和原文的近义替换 段落细节配对难度较大 建议考生放在本篇文章所有题型的最后去做 做题时注意切不可逐题去原文整篇文章搜寻答案 这样会导致文章来 来回回看很多遍 耗时太长 1 划出所有题目的 keywords 同时考虑到有可能出现近义替换的词 有针对性的去原文寻找答案 如看到 be conscious of 立刻想到雅思高 频近义替换 be aware of 看到 reproduce 想到 copy 2 某些题目可以对题目进行细致的分析 预测所在段落 平时通过精 读多熟悉文章结构安排 了解行文模式 3 做题时以文章为基准 每看一段 浏览题目中的 keywords 是否与 其相关 剑桥雅思推荐原文 练习 剑桥雅思推荐原文 练习 剑 4 Test 1 Passage 2 朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations Reading Passage 3 Title Robert Louis Steveton 文化类 不同作家的作品 文化类 不同作家的作品 Question types 单选题 5 题 判断题 4 题 Summary 选词填空题 5 题 文章内容回顾文章内容回顾 Robert Louis Steveton 是 金银岛 和 化身博士 的作者 去世后风评不太好 两位传记作家过誉了 其中一位将其与莎士比亚 等相提并论 其中一道选择题答案 评论家认为他的故事掩盖了其深 度的不足 而大众意识不到这一点 有单选题出自