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湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一上学期入学考试试题(6科6份).zip
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湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一化学上学期入学考试试题(无答案)(满分:100分 时间:90分钟) 可能用到的相对原子质量:h1 c12 n14 o16 cl35.5 na23 mg24 al27 k39 mn55一、选择题:本题共16小题,每小题3分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。共48分。1.绿水青山就是金山银山。下列做法不符合这一理念的是( )a. 无纸化办公,低碳出行,减少资源消耗b. 生活垃圾深埋处理,减少对地表的污染c. 推广使用滴、喷灌技术,高效利用水资源d. 退耕还草,植树造林,提高植被覆盖率2.金属材料的开发一直是材料科学的研究热点,一些新的金属材料相继被开发出来并应用于工农业生产和高科技领域。例如,铀(u)用作核电厂反应堆的核燃料,镅(am)在烟雾探测器中用作烟雾监测材料;特别是被誉为“21世纪的金属”钛(ti),应用前景更为广阔。钛(titanium)是一种活泼金属,但因其表面容易形成致密的氧化物保护膜使它不易跟其他物质反应,而具有一定的抗腐蚀能力。除此之外,它还具有熔点高、硬度大、可塑性强、密度小等优点。根据以上背景资料及所学知识,你认为下列说法中错误的是()a. 钛属于金属元素b. 钛是很好的航天航空材料c. 钛在空气中不与其他物质反应d. 钛有较好的抗腐蚀能力,是很好的防腐材料3.下列中草药煎制步骤中,属于过滤操作的是()a.冷水浸泡b.加热煎制c.箅渣取液d.灌装保存4.学习化学要构建基本理念,对以下基本观念的认识,正确的是( )a. 分类观:干冰和可燃冰都属于氧化物b. 元素观:氧气和臭氧都由氧元素组成c. 变化观:二氧化碳和一氧化碳不可以相互转化d. 结构观:氖原子和氟离子最外层电子数相同,化学性质也相同5. 下列仪器可直接用酒精灯加热的是( )烧杯 试管 量筒 坩埚 蒸发皿 锥形瓶 容量瓶 圆底烧瓶a b c d6. 上海建成了我国第一条磁悬浮铁路。磁悬浮的核心技术是利用超导体的反磁性。高温超导物质(y2ba4cu6o13)是以ymon、bao和cuo为原料,经研磨烧结而成,此过程中所有元素的化合价均不变,则高温超导物质(y2ba4cu6o13)中y元素的化合价是()a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 57下列操作中正确的是( )a 过滤时,玻璃棒与单层滤纸的一边接触b 蒸馏时,温度计水银球应置于蒸馏烧瓶支管口附近c 加热试管内物质时,试管底部与酒精灯灯芯接触d 向试管中加水时,胶头滴管紧贴试管内壁8. .进行化学实验或探究活动,都必须注意实验安全。下列实验操作合理的是()a为防止试管破裂,加热固体高锰酸钾制氧气时,试管口应向下倾斜b进行co性质探究实验时,多余的co应排到实验室外c为防止药品污染,实验结束后,用剩的浓硝酸可倒入垃圾箱d收集一小试管氢气,用大拇指堵住试管口,管口向上靠近火焰,检验氢气纯度9. 下列各组气体,可用同一种方法收集的气体组是 a、h2、ch4、o2 b、h2、o2、co2 c、h2、co、co2 d、o2、co2、ch410. 下列说法不正确的是()a除去粗盐中的泥沙的提纯步骤:溶解、过滤、蒸发,且三步中都要用到玻璃棒b过滤时,玻璃棒与三层滤纸的一边接触,漏斗下端紧贴烧杯内壁c加热蒸发氯化钠溶液时,一直加热到水全部蒸干为止d.过滤时玻璃棒的作用是引流,蒸发时玻璃棒的作用是搅拌使之受热均匀11.以下关于化学实验中“先与后”的说法中正确的是( )加热试管时,先均匀加热,后局部加热用排水法收集气体时,先移出导管后撤酒精灯制取物质时,先检查装置气密性后装药品做h2还原cuo实验时,先通h2后加热cuo;反应完毕后,先撤酒精灯待试管冷却后停止通h2点燃可燃性气体(如h2、ch4、c2h4、c2h2等)时,先检验气体纯度后点燃.a. b. c. d. 全部12. 图l111所示的实验操作中正确的是()ab cd图l11113已知金属钾投入水中会发生剧烈反应,并有氢气生成。运输金属钾的包装箱应贴有的图标是() 图l112a易燃液体 b遇湿易燃物品 c氧化剂 d腐蚀品14. 某氮的氧化物中氮与氧元素的质量比为7:20,则氮元素在氧化物中的化合价为( ) a.+5 b.+4 c.+3 d.+215.进行化学实验必须注意安全。下列做法不正确的是( )a. 不慎将酒精灯打翻在桌上失火时,立即用湿抹布盖灭b. 不慎将酸液溅到眼中,应立即用水冲洗,边洗边眨眼睛c. 不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上,要立即用大量水冲洗,然后涂上硼酸溶液d. 配制稀硫酸时,可先在量筒中加入一定体积水,再在搅拌下慢慢加入浓硫酸16.中国传统文化对人类文明贡献巨大,以下两篇古代文献中都涉及到了kno3。序号古代文献记载1开宝本草“(kno3)所在山泽,冬月地上有霜,扫取以水淋汁后,乃煎炼而成”2本草纲目“(火药)乃焰硝(kno3)、硫黄、山木炭所合,以为烽燧餇诸药者”对其解释不合理的是( )a. 1中利用了溶解、蒸发、结晶的过程b. 可用1中方法制成kno3是由于kno3的溶解度受温度影响不大c. 2中火药使用时体现了硝酸钾的氧化性d. 2中火药使用时产物可能污染环境二、非选择题:共52分。17. (12分)如图l113所示是某学生设计的过滤操作装置图。图l113(1)写出有标号的仪器名称:a_;b_;c_。(2)图中有_处错误,说明改正的方法:_。(3)该学生在进行过滤操作后发现,过滤后的液体仍有浑浊现象,可能是_的缘故。18.(共14分)元素周期表是学习和研究化学的重要工具(下表是元素周期表的一部分)。(1)某粒子的结构示意图为,该粒子符号是_。表中元素的原子结构示意图为_(2)核磁共振(nmr)技术已广泛应用于医学领域,已知只有质子数为奇数的原子才有nmr现象,表中五种元素的原子,能产生nmr现象的是_(填元素符号)。(3)由表中三种元素组成的某有机物,多存在于水稻、小麦、马铃薯等中,它为我们提供的营养素主要是_。(4)铝和稀硫酸反应的化学方程式: _ ,(5)将外观相近的铁、镁、铝各1克分别投入到足量的同浓度的盐酸中,试预测实验结果:_ 与盐酸反应最剧烈, _ 与盐酸反应产生的气体最多。19.(共12分)某同学设计如下实验方案,以分离kcl和bacl2两种固体混合物,试回答下列问题:供选试剂:na2so4溶液、k2co3溶液、k2so4溶液、盐酸(1)操作的名称是_,操作的名称是_。(2)试剂a是_(填化学式,下同),固体b是_。(3)加入试剂a所发生反应的化学方程式为_。加入试剂b所发生反应的化学方程式为_。20. (14分)阅读、分析下列两个材料:材料一、 材料二、 物质熔点/沸点/密度/gcm-3溶解性乙二醇 c2h6o2)-11.51981.11易溶于水和乙醇丙三醇(c3h8o3)17.92901.26能跟水、酒精以任意比互溶回答下列问题(填写序号):a. 蒸馏法 b. 萃取法 c.“溶解、结晶、过滤”的方法 d.分液法(1)将纯碱从氯化钠和纯碱的混合物中分离出来,最好应用_。(2)将乙二醇和丙三醇相互分离的最佳方法是_。(3)物质的量是高中化学常用的物理量,请完成以下有关计算:9gh2o的物质的量为_ 含h原子的物质的量为_mol; 标准状况下,体积为11.2 l 的co2所含原子的总数是_等质量的o2和o3 的分子个数比为_所含原子个数比为_- 6 -湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一数学上学期入学考试试题一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。各小题只有一个答案是正确的) 1.下列分解因式中,错误的是( )a. b.c. d.2.计算等于( )a. b. c. d.3.若则的值为( )a. b. c. d. 4.下列各组比较大小的选项中,成立的是( )a. b.c. d.5.已知集合m,n1,0,1,2,则等于()a1,0 b 1 c 1,2 d 6.已知二次函数f(x)的对称轴为x=3,且f(x)=0有两个实根、,则+等于( )a、6 b、3 c、0 d、不能确定7.若关于x的方程mx2(2m1)xm0有两个不相等的实数根,则实数m的取值范围是 ( )a.m b.m c.m,且m0 d.m,且m0 8.下列各组函数中,表示同一个函数的是()ayx1和 by和y1cf(x)和g(x) df(x)9.若函数的图像经过a(2,-5),则函数的图像分布在 ( )a .第一、四象限 b.第二、四象限 c. 第一、三象限 d. 第二、三象限10.小明骑车上学,开始时匀速行驶,途中因交通堵塞停留了一段时间,后为了赶时间加快速度行驶与以上事件吻合得最好的图像是()abc d11.计算:( )a. b. c. d.12.若,则的值为( )a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4二、填空题(本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.函数的最小值是_;14.若集合axr|ax2ax10中只有一个元素,则a_;15.方程的根的个数为 个; 16.关于的不等式的解为_。三、解答题(本大题共6个小题,共70分。需要写出答题步骤和简要的文字说明)17. (本题满分10分,其中每小题5分)解下列方程:(1); (2)18. 分解因式(本题满分12分,其中每小题4分)(1);(2); (3).19.(本题满分12分)20.解下列不等式(本题满分12分,其中每小题4分)(1); (2); (3).21.(本题满分12分,其中每小题4分)若和分别是一元二次方程的两根(1)求的值; (2)求的值;(3)求的值.22.(本题满分12分)经市场调查,某超市的一种小商品在过去的近20天内的销售量(件)与价格(元)均为时间t(天)的函数,且销售量近似满足g(t)802t,价格近似满足(1)试写出该种商品的日销售额y与时间的函数表达式;(2)求该种商品的日销售额y的最大值与最小值初高中衔接数学测试题参考答案一选择题(每题5分共60分):bcdca addbc bc二填空题(每题5分共20分):13. -4 ; 14. 4 ; 15. 1 ; 16.x-2或0x1三解答题:17. (1) (本小题5分)(2) (本小题5分)18. (1) (本小题4分) (2) (本小题4分) (3) (本小题4分) 20. (1)(4分);(2)(4分);(3)(4分)21. (1);(2);(3)(时为负;时为正)。(各小题均4分)22. (1) yg(t)f(t)(802t)(20|t10|)(40t)(40|t10|)30+t40-t,0t10,40-t50-t,10t20.6分(2) 当0t10时,y的取值范围是1 200,1 225,在t5时,y取得最大值1 225;当10t20时,y的取值范围是600,1 200,在t20时,y取得最小值600.综上,第5天,日销售额y取得最大值1 225元;第20天,日销售额y取得最小值600元.12分- 8 -湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一物理上学期入学考试试题一、单选题(本大题共8小题,共32.0分)1. 下列有关质点和参考系的说法中,正确的是()a. 小物体一定可以看作质点b. 在研究车轮的转动时,可以把车轮看作质点c. 在空中运动的物体不能作为参考系d. 参考系是为了研究物体的运动而假定不动的那个物体2. 关于机械运动和参考系,以下说法正确的有()a. 研究和描述一个物体的运动时,必须选定参考系b. 由于运动是绝对的,描述运动时,无需选定参考系c. 一定要选固定不动的物体为参考系d. 研究地面上物体的运动时,必须选地球为参考系3. 一只篮球从离地面1m高处竖直下落,与地向碰后,反向弹回至0.4m高处.在这一过程中,皮球经过的路程和位移大小分别为()a. 1.4m,1.4mb. 1m,0.4mc. 1.4m,0.6md. 1.4m,0.4m4. 关于时间和时刻,下列说法正确的是()a. “物体在4s时”就是指物体在4s末时,指的是时刻b. “物体在4s时”就是指物体在4s初时,指的是时刻c. “物体在4s内”就是指物体在3s末到4s末的这1s时间d. “物体在第5s内”就是指在4s初到5s末这一段时间5. 为使高速公路交通有序、安全,路旁立了许多交通标志.如图所示,甲图是限速标志,表示允许的最小速度是50km/h;乙图是路线指示标志,表示到下一出口还有25km,上述两个数据的物理意义分别是()a. 50km/h是平均速度,25km是路程b. 50km/h是瞬时速度,25km是路程c. 50km/h是瞬时速度,25km是位移d. 50km/h是平均速度,25km是位移6. 如图所示,自行车轮半径为r,车轮在水平地面上沿直线无滑动地滚动,当气门芯的位置由轮子的最高点(图中a位置)第一次运动到轮子的最低点(图中b位置),该过程中气门芯位移的大小为()a. rb. 2rc. 2rd. r4+27. 汽车从立交桥顶上向下做变速直线运动.已知第1s内通过2m、第2s内通过4m、第3s内通过7m,则下列说法中正确的是()a. 第2s内的平均速度是4m/sb. 第2s内的平均速度是2m/sc. 第2s末的瞬时速度是2m/sd. 第2s末的瞬时速度是4m/s8. 一物体沿直线向东运动,前一半位移平均速度是3m/s,后一半位移的平均速度是2m/s,则整个位移内的平均速度为()a. 2.5m/sb. 1.2m/sc. 2.4m/sd. 2.3m/s二、多选题(本大题共5小题,共20.0分)9. 下列情况中的速度,属于瞬时速度的是()a. 由于堵车,汽车在通过整条长安街的速度仅为1.2m/sb. 返回地球的太空舱落入太平洋水面时的速度8m/sc. 子弹射到墙上时的速度为800m/sd. 小球在前3s内的速度是5m/s10. 一质点做匀变速直线运动,初速度大小为2m/s,3s后末速度大小变为4m/s,则下列判断正确的是 ()a. 速度变化量的大小一定等于2m/sb. 速度变化量的大小可能大于2m/sc. 加速度大小可能等于2m/s2d. 位移大小可能等于3m11. 如图所示,物体沿曲线轨迹的箭头方向运动,ab、abc、abcd、abcde四段曲线轨迹运动所用的时间分别是:1s,2s,2.5s,3s.下列说法正确的是()a. 物体在ab段的平均速度为1m/sb. 物体在abc段的平均速度为52m/sc. ab段的平均速度比abc段的平均速度更能反映物体处于a点时的瞬时速度d. 物体在ab段的平均速度与abcde段的平均速度相同12. 下列所描述的运动中,可能的是a. 速度变化很大,加速度很小 b. 速度变化方向为正,加速度方向为负c. 速度变化越来越快,加速度越来越小 d. 速度越来越大,加速度越来越小13. 如图甲所示是一种交警测速的工作示意图,b为能发射超声波的固定小盒子,工作时小盒子b向被测物体发出短暂的超声波脉冲,脉冲被运动的物体反射后又被b盒接收,从b盒发射超声波开始计时,经时间t再次发射超声波脉冲,图乙是连续两次发射的超声波的位移时间图象,则下列说法正确的是:( ) a. 超声波的速度为v声=2x2t2b. 超声波的速度为v声=2x1t1c. 物体的平均速度为v=2(x2x1)t2t1+t0d. 物体的平均速度为v=2(x2x1)t2t1+2t0三、计算题(本大题共4小题,共48.0分)14. 一辆汽车沿直线公路以速度v1行驶了13的路程,接着以速度v2=20km/h跑完了其余的23的路程,如果汽车全程的平均速度v=27km/h,则v1的值为多少km/h?15. 汽车在制造完成出厂之前,都要经过严格的技术检测。一辆汽车从原点o由静止出发沿x轴做直线运动,自动检测系统记录下了该汽车启动、运行及刹车过程的数据,求:时刻t/s012345678坐标x/m0124812162025速度v/(m/s)013566510(1) 汽车在第2s末的瞬时速度大小;(2)汽车在前3s和最后2s的平均加速度大小;(3)汽车在第4s内的平均速度大小。16. 篮球以6m/s的速度竖直向下碰地面,然后以4m/s速度竖直向上反弹,碰地的时间为0.2s(1)求篮球在这0.2s内的速度变化v(2)求这0.2s内加速度a17. 一辆汽车向悬崖匀速驶近时鸣喇叭,经t1=8s后听到来自悬崖的回声;再前进t2=27s,第二次鸣喇叭,经t3=6s又听到回声。已知声音在空气中的传播速度v2为340m/s,求:汽车第一次鸣喇叭时与悬崖的距离s和汽车的速度v1的大小高一物理测试卷答案和解析【答案】1. d2. a3. c4. a5. b6. d7. a8. c9. bc10. bcd11. abc12. ad13. bc14. 解:设全程为s,前13路程的速度为v1,前13路程所用时间为t1=s3v1,后23路程所用时间为t2=2s3v2,全程平均速度,v=3st,t=t1+t2,解得:v1=90km/h答:v1的值为90km/h15. 解:(1)从表格可以看出,汽车2s末的速度为3m/s;(2)汽车在t=0时刻的速度为0,3s时的速度为5m/s;故前3s的平均加速度为:a1=vv0t=503=53m/s1.67m/s;t=6s时,初速度为5m/s,末速度为0;最后2s的平均加速度为:a2=052=2.5m/s2;(3)第3s末的位置坐标x1=4m;第4s末的位置坐标为x2=8m,所以汽车在第4s内的平均速度为:v=x2x1t=841=4m/s答:(1)汽车在2s末的速度为3m/s;(2)汽车在前3s和最后2s的平均加速度大小分别为1.67m/s2和2.5m/s2(3)汽车在第4s内的平均速度大小为4m/s。16. (1)取竖直向下的方向为正方向落地时速度,反弹时速度0.2s内速度变化量速度变化量大小为10m/s,方向竖直向上。(2)0.2s内加速度加速度大小为50m/s2,方向竖直向上。17. 解:设汽车第一次鸣喇叭时到悬崖的距离为s,汽车的速度为v1,声音在空气的传播速度v2则有:v1t1+v2t1=2s v1t3+v2t3=2sv1(t1+t2),式中,t1=8s,t2=27s,t3=6s代入得:8v1+3408=2s 6v1+3406=2sv1(8+27)解得:s=1400m,v1=10m/s18.7湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一生物上学期入学考试试题1、 选择题(每题1.5分,共60分)1张大娘最近经常头昏,经医生测定她的血压是160/100mmhg,请分析张大娘可能患有( )a. 贫血 b. 低血压 c. 高血压 d. 坏血病2根据血液的分层现象可知,人体血液的组成是( )a血浆、红细胞 b血浆、血细胞c红细胞、白细胞、血小板 d血清、血细胞3 氧气在血液中的运输依赖于( )a血小板的功能 b白细胞可以变形运动c血浆的作用 d血红蛋白的特性4人若由于意外事故受伤,损伤了动脉要比损伤静脉危险得多,主要因为动脉( )a流动着动脉血b血液含有丰富的养料和氧气c将血液从心脏运往全身,血流速度快d血管厚,损伤后极难修复5血友病患者有伤口便会流血不止的原因是血液中缺少 ( )a红细胞 b白细胞 c血小板 d血红蛋白6.下列有关血液的叙述错误的是( )a.血液经过全身组织细胞处的毛细血管后,血液由动脉血变成静脉血b.红细胞没有细胞核所以寿命很短,但骨髓能不断产生新的红细胞c.血浆中含有许多与凝血、抵抗疾病、运输氧气等相关的血浆蛋白d.白细胞可以通过变形的方式穿过毛细血管7下图为心脏结构图,有关叙述错误的是( ) a.上图中a、b分别表示左心房、左心室b.在图中流动脉血的心腔是c d,流静脉血的心腔是a bc.肺循环开始于图中 d,终止于图中a d.上图中a是主动脉,b是肺动脉8对人粪尿进行无害化处理不恰当的是( )a、建沼气池b、高温堆肥c、建生态厕所d、喷洒农药9肾小体的组成包括()a肾小球和肾小囊b肾小囊和肾小管c肾小球和肾小管d肾单位和肾小囊10健康人的尿液成分中,不含下列哪种物质( )a尿素 b水 c无机盐 d葡萄糖11正常成年人每天形成的原尿约为150-180升,而排出的尿液约为1.5升,这是由于( )a肾小球的滤过作用 b肾小囊的透过作用c肾小管的重吸收作用 d肾单位的透析作用12与流入肾脏的血液相比,从肾脏流出的血液成分的特点是()a葡萄糖含量大量增加b二氧化碳含量大量减少c尿素等物质含量明显减少d氧气含量大量增加13下表是被测试者某血管、肾小囊腔和输尿管内p和q两种物质的浓度,试分析p和q各是什么物质( )血管肾小囊腔输尿管p0.03%0.03%2%q0.1%0.1%0ap是葡萄糖,q是无机盐bp是氨基酸,q是葡萄糖cp是尿素,q是无机盐dp是尿素,q是葡萄糖14.大海中的水母、海带,陆地上的蜥蜴、小麦等生物,都是由细胞构成的。这些生物细胞中含量最多的有机物是 ( )a水分 b蛋白质 c脂质 d糖类15.对某一生物小分子进行样品分析,发现其含有c、h、o、n、p 等元素,该物质可能是( )a. 氨基酸 b. 葡萄糖c. 结晶牛胰岛素 d. 脱氧核苷酸16.人体内含有多种多样的蛋白质,每种蛋白质 ( )a. 都含有20种氨基酸 b. 都是在细胞内发挥作用c. 都具有一定的空间结构 d. 都能催化生物化学反应17.有关糖类生理作用的下列概括中,有错误的是()a. 核糖和脱氧核糖是核酸的组成成分 b. 葡萄糖是重要的能源物质c. 淀粉和糖原是生物体内唯一储能物质 d. 纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要成分18.下列不属于植物体内蛋白质功能的是( )a构成细胞膜的主要成分 b催化细胞内化学反应的酶c供给细胞代谢的主要能源物质 d根细胞吸收矿质元素的载体19.最近科学家发现一种被称为ft的信号蛋白能通过植物体韧皮部的汁液传送到生长点,促使植物开花。合成ft的场所及组成ft的基本单位分别是( )a叶绿体、葡萄糖 b线粒体、氨基酸 c核糖体、氨基酸 d核糖体、核苷酸20.蛋白质分子不仅有复杂的化学结构,还有复杂的空间结构,只有这样才能表现出蛋白质的生物活性。淀粉酶遇高温会失去活性,这是由于高温破坏了酶的()a氨基酸b肽键c肽链 d空间结构21.某人得了脂肪肝病(即肝细胞中有过多的脂肪),那么,那么肝细胞中含量最多的化合物是( )a脂肪b水 c蛋白质 d无机盐22创立细胞学说的科学家是()a 达尔文 b施莱登和施旺 c袁隆平 d列文虎克23细胞中的dna和rna的分布特点是 ( ) adna分布在细胞核中,rna分布在细胞质中bdna分布在细胞质中,rna分布在细胞核中cdna主要分布在细胞核中,rna主要分布在细胞质中ddna主要分布在细胞质中,rna主要分布在细胞核中24.下列关于细胞与生命活动关系的叙述错误的是( )a草履虫的生命活动离不开细胞 b病毒的生命活动可以离开细胞c细胞内的生命大分子没有生命 d单细胞生物的一个细胞就能完成各种生命活动25.科学家始终把寻找水作为外星球是否存在生命最关键的环节。水可以作为生命存在的依据是 ( )a水是细胞鲜重中含量最多的化合物 b水在生物体内可以流动c蛋白质是亲水性的物质 d生化反应必须在水中进行26下列糖类中属于单糖的是( )a蔗糖 b核糖 c糖原 d淀粉27.广告语“聪明的妈妈会用心(锌)”道出了锌的重要性,研究发现生物体内有七十多种酶的活性与zn2有关,这说明无机盐( )a对维持酸碱平衡有重要作用 b对维持细胞形态有重要作用c对维持生物体的生命活动有重要作用 d对调节细胞内溶液的浓度有重要作用28.下列关于细胞中无机物的叙述中不正确的是( )a. 哺乳动物血液中ca2+浓度太低,会出现抽搐症状b. 细胞中大多数无机盐以离子的形式存在,是细胞中含量很少的无机物c. 细胞中绝大部分的水与细胞内的其他物质相结合,叫做结合水d. 当生物体新陈代谢旺盛、生长迅速时,生物体内自由水与结合水的比值通常较高29.如图表示有关生物大分子的简要概念图,下列叙述正确的是( )a. 若b为葡萄糖,则c在动物细胞中可能为乳糖b. 若c为rna,则b为核糖核苷酸,a为c、h、o、nc. 若c具有信息传递、运输、催化等功能,则b可能为氨基酸d. 若b为脱氧核苷酸,则c可能存在于线粒体、叶绿体、染色体、核糖体中30 樱桃素有“开春第一果”之称,吃起来酸甜可口。这些酸甜物质主要存在于樱桃细胞的_中( )。a细胞壁 b细胞膜 c细胞质 d细胞核31.具有膜结构的细胞器是( )a. 高尔基体和溶酶体 b. 细胞膜和核膜 c. 中心体和纺锤体 d.核糖体和内质网32.制备细胞膜时,通常选取的细胞和处理的方法分别是( )a红细胞,将其放入生理盐水中 b白细胞,将其放入清水中c红细胞,将其放入清水中 d白细胞,将其放入生理盐水中33.对细胞膜的化学组成描述最准确的一组是( ) a. 脂质、蛋白质、无机盐 b. 磷脂、蛋白质、糖脂c. 脂质、蛋白质、糖类 d. 磷脂、糖蛋白、糖脂34.研究发现,一种名叫ad-36的腺病毒是人体发胖的罪魁祸首,最近国家质检总局公布,一种名叫金黄色葡萄球菌的细菌“染指”国内许多速冻食品,ad-36与金黄色葡萄球菌的根本区别是( )a. 有无成形的细胞核 b. 有无线粒体等复杂的细胞器c. 有无细胞结构d. 有无遗传物质35.假如你在研究中发现一种新的单细胞生物并决定该生物属于原核生物还是真核生物,则以下哪种特性与你的决定无关?( )核膜的有无核糖体的有无叶绿体的有无膜上磷脂的有无a. b. c. d. 36洋葱根尖的成熟区细胞和人的小肠上皮细胞都具有的结构是( )细胞壁细胞膜细胞质叶绿体细胞核中央大液泡线粒体a b c d37.下列有关细胞结构的叙述,正确的是 ( ) a核膜由单层膜构成,其上有许多孔 b植物细胞都没有中心体c核仁与某种rna的合成以及核糖体的形成有关 d细胞质是细胞代谢与遗传的控制中心38.被形象比喻为“消化车间”、“生产蛋白质的机器”、“脂质合成车间”的细胞器依次是()a. 溶酶体、核糖体、内质网b. 溶酶体、内质网、核糖体c. 高尔基体、核糖体、内质网 d. 溶酶体、内质网、高尔基体39.如图为细胞核结构模式图,下列关于细胞核的结构或功能的说法不正确的是( )a. 为双层膜,共有2层磷脂分子组成b. 为染色质,是dna的主要载体c. 为核仁,与核糖体的形成有关d. 为核孔,能实现核质之间的信息交流40.如图为细胞间进行信息交流的一种方式,下列有关叙述错误的是()a.图中反映了细胞膜具有细胞间信息交流的功能 b.图中乙表示靶细胞c.图中a表示信号分子(如激素) d.图中b表示细胞膜上的载体二、填空题(每空2分,共40分)41.根据下列化合物的结构分析回答: (1) 该化合物称为 肽,由 种氨基酸构成,其中r基的代号分别是 。(2)图中的名称是 ;的名称为 。(3)形成该化合物的生物化学反应叫做 ,在该过程中形成了 个水分子且水分子中的氢来自 (填代号)42请根据下图回答相关的问题:(在 上填写结构名称,在 中填写该结构在图中所对应的数字):(1)图中所示结构是通过电子显微镜所观察到的细胞 图。此图中有双层膜结构的细胞器是 (填标号)。图中无膜结构的细胞器是 (填标号)。(2)合成蛋白质的场所是 ,加工蛋白质的场所有 和 。(3)植物细胞有而该细胞没有的细胞器是 和 。植物细胞具有的 结构对细胞有支持和保护作用。(4)动、植物细胞均具有而在上图中没有的细胞器是 。(5)若该图是一个心肌细胞,则细胞中细胞器 较多。(6) 图中细胞的边界是1细胞膜,其主要功能有 (任答一点即可)高一新生入学考试生物答案一、选择题(每题1.5分,共60分)1c 2b 3.d 4c 5c 6.c 7b 8d 9a 10d 11c 12c13d 14. b 15. d 16. c 17.c 18.c 19.c 20.d 21.b 22b 23.c24.b 25.d 26b 27.c 28.c 29.c 30c 31.a 32.c 33.c 34.c35.b 36b 37.c 38.a 39.a 40.d二、填空题(每空2分,共40分)41.(1)三 3 (2)肽键 羧基 (3)脱水缩合 2 (42(1) 亚显微结构 ; 、 2、 (2) 核糖体 内质网 高尔基体 (3) 叶绿体 液泡 细胞壁 (4) 溶酶体 (5) 线粒体 (6) 将细胞与外界环境分隔开,控制物质进出细胞、进行细胞间的信息交流 - 8 -湖北省浠水县实验高级中学2019-2020学年高一英语上学期入学考试试题第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. why is the man late?a. his car broke down. b. he got off work late. c. he missed the bus. 2. what will the woman do?a. go to the bookstore. b. see her doctor. c. visit her uncle. 3. what does the man mean?a. he is just a visitor. b. he knows mr. smith well. c. he will help the woman. 4. what is the man doing now?a. washing clothes. b. playing football. c. watching tv. 5. when is the woman probably going to decorate her room?a. on tuesday. b. on wednesday. c. on saturday. 第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题。6. where does the conversation probably take place?a. in a park. b. in a restaurant. c. in an office. 7. what does the woman do?a. an office worker. b. a doctor. c. a student. 听下面一段对话,回答第8至第10三个小题。8. whats the woman doing in the beginning?a. reading a book. b. writing a novel. c. watching tv. 9. why wont the woman go to the beach?a. she has to work overtime. b. her husband will be busy. c. her classmates will visit her. 10. what does the woman decide to do at last?a. go mountain climbing. b. go to her college with paul. c. go shopping with her classmates. 听下面一段对话,回答第11至第13三个小题。11. how long will it take the speakers to go to the club by car?a. about half an hour. b. about 15 minutes. c. about 10 minutes. 12. what is the woman going to do in the students club?a. have a swim. b. play basketball. c. do some running. 13. how are the speakers going to the club?a. by car. b. on foot. c. by bus. 听下面一段对话,回答第14至第16三个小题。14. where was the man last night?a. in a restaurant. b. in a cinema. c. at a friends home. 15. what did alice do last night?a. she had a drink with the man. b. she saw a film with the woman. c. she left her cellphone at home. 16. what does the woman think of the film?a. terrifying. b. boring. c. touching. 听下面一段独白,回答第17至第20四个小题。17. what is the number for flight information?a. 0800-0000-123. b. 0870-0000-123. c. 0870-0000-132. 18. what information can be got by ringing 0845-7484-950?a. train times. b. ship times. c. coach times. 19. for what problems can people dial 0800-8877-66?a. problems in the forest. b. problems on the road. c. problems at home. 20. what can the tourist authority help the tourists find?a. where to travel. b. useful numbers. c. accommodation. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节 (共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ain general (一般来说) people talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. scientists think that there are also two groups of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors. the warm colors are red, orange and yellow. where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people usually want to be active. people think that red example is exciting sociable (善交际的) people, those who like to be with others like red. the cool colors are green, blue and purple. these colors unlike warm colors, are relaxing. where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. people who like to spend time alone often prefer blue. red may be exciting but one scientist says that time seems to pass more slow in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. he suggested that a warm color such as red or orange, is a good color for a living room or a restaurant. people who are relaxing or eating dont want time to pass quickly. cool colors are better for offices of factories as the people who work there want time to pass quickly. scientist dont know why people think some colors are warm and other colors are cool. however, almost everyone agree that warm colors remind people of warm days and cool colors remind them of cool days. because in the north the sun is low during winter, the sunlight appears quite blue. and the sun is higher during summer, the hot summer sunlight appears yellow. 21. when people talk about two groups of people, they mean those that _. a. like warm colors and like cool colors b. are yellow, red and yellow c. are warm colors and cool colors d. are green, blue and purple 22. the people who like warm colors _. a. are very hard to get on with others b. are very easy to get on with others c. like to stay at home by themselves d. dont like to be with others 23. which of the following is not true? a. time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. b. the persons who are relaxing dont want time to pass slowly. c. maybe warm colors make people think of warm days. d. the writer thinks cool colors are good for offices of factories. 24. why do some people like warm colors and others like cool colors? a. because the people who like warm colors are active. b. because the people who like cool colors prefer staying at home alone. c. because warm colors are nice and cool colors are not nice. d. the writer doesnt tell us the reason. 25. which is the best title? a. two groups of colors b. cool colors c. warm colors d. colors and peopleb dna is the whole “map” of the human body. it is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. dna is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their dna to make our own.people have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. in i860, mr mendel discovered why we look the same as other people in our family. it is because of small things called “genes”(基因) in our body. in 1953, two scientists, watson and crick, found out that those small parts are really messages. theyre written in the dna with a special language.in 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. it shows how dna tells the cell (细胞)to build its parts, we are trying to study the words in the dna map, but we still do not understand what they all do. by understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. so the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people. other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive (有吸引力的), or stop sick people getting jobs.26. when did mr. mendel discover why we look the same as other people in our family?a. in 2000.b. in 1961.c. in 1953.d. in 1860.27. what did the two scientists find in 1961? they found _.a. all the words in the dna mapb. small things called “genes” in our bodyc. the first “word” they could understand in that languaged. those small parts are written in the dna with a special language28.how can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the dna map?a. make better medicine. b. make them get jobs.c. make maps for them. d. make them attractive.29. which one is not true according to the article?a. we look like our parents because of “genes” in our body.b. we have understood what all the words in the dna map do.c. dna is the whole “map” of the human body.d. dna tells the cell to build its parts.30. what do people think about this research about dna?a. it can be only bad. b. it can be only good.c. it can be good but wont work. d. it can be good and bad.ci was in a strange city i didnt know at all, and whats more, i could not speak a word of the language. on my second day i got on the first bus that passed, rode on it for several stops, then got off and walked on. the first two hours passed pleasantly enough, then i decided to turn back to my hotel for lunch. after walking about for some time, i decided i had better ask the way. the trouble was that the only word i knew of the language was the name of the street in which i lived, and even that i pronounced badly. i stopped to ask a newspaper-seller. he handed me a paper. i shook my head and repeated the name of the street and he put the paper into my hands. i had to give him some money and went on my way. the next person .i asked was a policeman. he listened to me carefully, nodded and gently took me by the arm. there was a strange look in his eyes as he pointed left and right and left again. i nodded politely and began walking in the direction he pointed.about an hour passed and i noticed that the houses were getting fewer and fewer and green fields were appearing on either side of me. i had come all the way into the countryside. the only thing left for me to do was find the nearest railway station.31. why did the writer prefer to walk back to his hotel?a. because he had no money to buy a ticketb. because he wanted to lose himself in the cityc. because he tried to know the city in this wayd. because it was late and there were no buses passing by32. the newspaper-seller_.a. didnt know where the hotel wasb. didnt understand what the writer saidc. could understand what the writer saidd. didnt want to take the money from the writer33. from the story we know that the policeman_.a. was kind but didnt understand the writerb. told the writer where to take a trainc. knew what the writer really meantd. was cold-hearted and didnt help the writer34. what can we learn from the last paragraph?a. the writer got close to the hotel where he stayed.b. the writer got to the hotel with the policemans help.c. the writer found he was much farther away from the hotel.d. the writer found the hotel in the direction the policeman pointed.35. in your opinion, what was the writers real trouble?a. he didnt know the city at all. b. he couldnt speak the language.c. he went too far in the wrong bus. d. he followed the policemans direction.done of the most important things in the world is friendship. in order to have friends, you have to be a friend. but how can you be a good friend at school? listenlisten when they are talking. dont say anything unless they ask you a question. sometimes its not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.help themif your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. you should try to put them first, but make sure you dont do everything they want you to do. try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case(以防) they forget one. have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need. be there for thembe there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. marilyn monroe, a famous u.s. actor, once said, “i often make mistakes. sometimes i am out of control, but if you cant stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve(值得)to be with me at my best.” always remember this! if you dont want to stay with your friends when theyre in hard times, then you dont deserve to be with them when theyre having a good time! _try to make plans with your friends. go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. by planning things together, you both can have a good time. and youll remember these things when youre all old ! 36.while your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should _. a. give him or her some advice b. share your feelings as well c. calm him or her down d. just listen unless asked37.when we provide help for our friends, we should _.a. try to do everything for them b. put them before ourselvesc. change their bad habits first d. ignore(忽视)their mistakes 38. what can we learn from marilyn monroes words? a. life without a friend is death. b. a friend is easier lost than found.c. a friend in need is a friend indeed. d. a man is known by his friends.39. which of the following can be put in the blank(空白处)of the last paragraph? a. make plans b. enjoy yourself c. understand your friends d. play with your friends 40. the passage is mainly about _. a. how to find a good friend b. how to help friends in trouble c. how to make more friends d. how to be a good friend 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。simple ways to improve your written englishmany people think it is really difficult to improve their written english. dont worry, though. here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written english. increase your vocabulary(词汇)to express yourself clearly, you need agood active vocabulary. thats not just being able to know lots of words it means actually being able to use them correctly. 41 tip:when you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word. 42 people often say that we learn to write best by reading. reading in english is useful in many ways. it is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words appropriately.tip: 43 learning shouldnt be boring. read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.improve your grammargrammar is very important because it improves the quality(质量) of your writing. tip: 44 the first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look formistakes with the particular grammar point you are studying at the moment.just do it!the best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. be prepared towrite several versions(版本)of each text. 45 a. know your readers.b. read widely and often.c. always check your writing twice. d. remember, practice makes perfect!e. choose books or articles that interest you.f. use simple languages and shorter sentences to show your ideas.g. do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 i was a single mother of four small children, working at a low-paid job. money was always 46 , but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, 47 on our backs. it was christmas time, we 48 downtown to see the christmas lights, and enjoyed a special dinner, 49 the big excitement for the kids was the fun of christmas 50 at the market. they talked and planned for weeks ahead of time, 51 each other what they wanted for christmas.the big day arrived and we started out early. i 52 each kid a twenty-dollar bill and asked them to 53 for presents. then everyone scattered (散开).back in the car driving home, everyone was 54 about christmas, laughing and asking each other about what they had 55 . i found my younger daughter, ginger, had only one small and flat bag with her. i could 56 enough through the plastic 57 to tell that she had bought candy bars fifty-cents candy bars! what did she 58 with that twenty-dollar bill i had given her? i was so 59 . after getting home, i called her into my bedroom and closed the door. this was 60 she told me.“i was looking around and thinking of what to buy, and i 61 to read the little cards on one of the salvation armys giving trees. one of the cards was 62 a little girl, four years old, and all she 63 for christmas was a doll with clothes and a hairbrush. so i took the card off the 64 and bought the doll for her. we have so much and she doesnt have anything.”my anger 65 and i had never felt so rich as i did that day.46.a. powerfulb. tightc. valuabled. much47.a. booksb. babiesc. bagsd. clothes48.a. droveb. ranc. roded. walked49.a. ifb. andc. butd. when50.a. workingb. shoppingc. eatingd. travelling51.a. readingb. studyingc. helpingd. asking52.a. gaveb. sentc. passedd. dropped53.a. waitb. begc. lookd. excuse54.a. curiousb. excitedc. carefuld. nervous55.a. servedb. foundc. receivedd. bought56.a. seeb. takec. getd. hear57.a. hairbrushb. cardc. bagd. bar58.a. playb. doc. god. begin59.a. worriedb. embarrassedc. happyd. angry60.a. whatb. howc. whyd. where61.a. forgotb. stoppedc. hesitatedd. returned62.a. onb. alongc. ford. with63.a. wantedb. preparedc. soldd. saved64.a. roofb. windowc. treed. doll65.a. increasedb. continuedc. impressedd. disappeared第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。i am now on my year abroad in germany as part of my university course. at the 66 (begin) of my time here, i had the chance to meet so many new people and make lots of new friends. it is almost like 67 (start) a new life and can make you feel nervous and lonely at first. but i knew that when i moved to germany i had to be open and friendly. this is 68 (certain) what i have done since moving here and i have made some great friends along the way.next week a friend of 69 (i) is moving to spain for the next part of her year abroad. she will be living near a beach and have a lot of fun. but i am also 70 (worry) about her as she will have to start a new life in another new country. she said that she 71 (want) to go back in time very much.in order 72 (say) goodbye to her, a group of friends and i had a surprise party. we made her a scrapbook(剪贴簿)with photos and memories of her time here so 73 she could take it along! we hope that she has 74 wonderful time in spain and that she will get along well 75 her new classmates and settle into her new home.第四部分 写作(满分25分)假设你是新华中学初三(7)班的王倩,发一封e-mail给你在澳洲的笔友anna,诉说你和你父母之间的一些烦心事, 不知道怎么办,希望得到帮助。要点如下:1、你的梦想是成为一名演员,投入了很多时间。然而,你父母认为2、你有点胖,想减肥;在你看来,;但是你的父母不同意,他们认为减肥不但浪费时间和金钱,而且3、你喜欢看动作片,因为;但父母不同意,他们觉得那些影片会对你有不良影响注意:1、对所给要点,不要简单翻译,要有适当发挥,使全文语义连贯,并适当分段。 2、字数100词左右。短文中已写好的部分,不计入总词数。 3、文章中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。 dear anna,recently i meet with some problems. im not getting along well with my parents. i really dont know what to do._ what do you think i should do? can you offer me some useful advice?love,wang qian高一英语9月开学考试参考答案听力 15 bcacc 610 acaba 1115 cabab 1620 cbabc阅读理解 21-25 abbdd 26-30 dcabd 31-35 cbacb 36-40 dbcad 七选五 41-45 gbecd完形填空 4650 bdacb 5155 dacbd 5660 acbda 6165 bcacd 语法填空 66. beginning 67. starting 68.certainly 69.mine 70.worried71.wanted 72.to say 73. that 74.a 75.with书面表达:dear anna,recently i meet with some problems. im not getting along well with my parents. i really dont know what to do. my dream is to be a ballet dancer and i have spent lots of time practicing it. however, my parents consider that i should spend more time on my studies to go to a key university. im a little fat and i plan to lose weight. in my opinion, girls who are slim are more beautiful and attractive, and they are more confident in their study than those who are fat. but my parents have different opinions. they think it is a waste of time and money to lose weight. in addition/besides, losing weight may be harmful to the body and mind. i also like seeing action films because they are exciting, but my parents think they are terrible and have a bad effect on people, especially teenagers.what do you think i should do? can you offer me some useful advice?love,wang qian部分解析听力原文:text 1m: im terribly sorry im late, dear. i had a long meeting at the office. w: thats ok. i arrived here only a moment ago because my car broke down and i walked all the way down here. text 2m: how about going to the bookstore after work?w: sorry, i have to see my uncle. he is in hospital now. text 3w: excuse me. do you know where i can find mr. smith? i need to speak to him right now. m: im sorry, but i dont know who mr. smith is. i dont work here i just came here to see a friend. text 4w: ok, nick, its your turn to do the washing. m: ill be there. i want to finish watching the football game. text 5m: are you going to decorate your room on tuesday or wednesday?w: im going to do it at the end of the week. text 6w: oh, its a fine day, isnt it? and the food smells nice. its a perfect day for a picnic. m: yes, it is. im glad it doesnt rain. my names mike gates, by the way. w: oh, hi! im alice. nice to meet you. m: nice to meet you too. so alice what do you do?w: im studying medicine. m: really? where?w: at harvard. what about you?m: im working for ibm. w: oh, are you? that sounds interesting. m: yeah. i like it. hey, it looks like the food is ready. text 7m: hello, betty. what are you doing?w: i am reading the novel the red and the black. m: yeah. the national holiday is coming. i want to know what you are going to do. w: my husband would be working overtime during the holiday, so we gave up the plans of going to the beach. m: dont be sad. paul called me a few days ago. he invited you and me to climb the mountains with our college classmates. how about you?w: great idea! i havent seen them since we graduated. text 8m: are you free this weekend? go to the students club with me, will you?w: hmm, isnt it far away?m: not really. its only about half an hours walk. if you drive there, it will take you just 10 minutes at most. w: you often go there at the weekends, dont you?m: yes, four times a month. w: so how can i enjoy myself there?m: well, you can play basketball and volleyball. if you are not interested, you can try some indoor exercises. they have a large indoor swimming pool and an indoor track. its a great place to get relaxed. w: ok. ill have a swim there. how about meeting me at the school gate? lets walk there. m: sure. see you then. text 9w: what were you doing last night? i couldnt find you anywhere. m: sorry, i was drinking with some of my friends at sunlight restaurant and i left my cellphone at home. what was the matter?w: i had two tickets for the film and i wanted you to see it with me. m: what a pity! what happened later?w: i asked alice to go with me instead. m:
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