甘肃省古浪县第二中学2019-2020学年高二英语12月基础知识竞赛试题（无答案）.doc

甘肃省古浪县第二中学2019-2020学年高二英语12月基础知识竞赛试题（无答案） 本试题共分第i卷（80分）和第卷（70分），共150分，考试时间120分钟请将所有答案写在答题卡上。第i卷（选择题，共80分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。amary somerville was born in 1780 in burntisland, scotland. her contribution to mathematics was in both algebra (代数) and differential and integral calculus (微积分学).mary was one of the worlds first famous female mathematicians. she became interested in mathematics and decided to study it at the time when it was considered unacceptable for a woman to do so. she bought books on algebra and geometry and read them at night. in spite of disapproval from people around her, she firmly went on with her struggle to learn. she won a prize for her solution to an algebra problem. she went on to write several books on mathematics. later in her life, she thought deeply about the years in which she had persevered (坚持) almost without hope and said, “it taught me never to lose heart.”marys way of learning remains useful today. if she worked for a while on a problem without coming up with an idea, she stopped working and turned her attention to the piano, her needlework, or a walk outdoors. she then returned to the problem with a fresh mind and a solution turned up. if she could not understand a passage while reading, she would forget about it and read on; several pages later, the meaning of the puzzling passage would become clear to her.1why did mary decide to study math?abecause she found math interesting and wanted to study it.bbecause she was one of the worlds first famous female mathematicians.cbecause it was not considered acceptable for a woman to study math.dbecause she was bored and had nothing to do.2what does the underlined word “disapproval” in paragraph 2 mean in this text?adisagreement. bagreement. csupport. ddiscovery.3what is the main idea of the third paragraph?amary could solve any difficult math problem easily.bmary was, without doubt, a famous female mathematician.cmary had some useful ways to deal with difficulties in her work.dmarys ways to overcome difficulties were not effective.4according to the passage, if you have been puzzled by a math problem, youd better _.akeep working on it until it is solvedbjust forget about the problemcturn to your math teacher for helpdlisten to light music for a while and then continue working on itbwelcome to the friendship hotel. to make your stay as enjoyable as possible, we hope you will use our facilities (设施) to the full.room servicethis operates 24 hours a day. phone the reception desk, and your message will be passed on to the room staff.telephone: 48759dining roombreakfast is served in the dining mom from 8 to 9:30 a. m. alternatively, the room staff will bring a breakfast tray to your room at any time after 7 a.m., if you place an order for it by telephone. in this case, please fill out a card and hang it outside your door when you go to bed.lunch: 12:00 to 2:30 p.m.dinner: 7:30 to 9 p.m.telephone: 48752telephoneto make a telephone call, dial 0 for reception and laundry (洗衣店), and ask to be connected. we apologize for delays in putting calls through when the staff are very busy. there are also public telephone booths (电话亭) near the reception desk. early calls should be booked with reception.shopthe hotel shop is open for souvenirs (纪念品), gifts and toiletries (化妆品) from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.telephone: 48687laundrywe have a laundry on the premises (附属) and will wash, iron and return your clothes within 24 hours. ask the room staff to phone the laundrymen to collect them. telephone: 48867barthe hotel bar is open from 12 to 2 p.m., and 7 p.m. to 2 a.m. the reception staff will cash cheques and exchange money in many foreign currencies (货币).5what should you do if you want a snack (快餐) at 9 a.m?ago to the hotel shop.bgo to the hotel bar.ctell the waiter.dphone reception6which number should you dial if you want to have your clothes washed?a48752 b48867 c48687 d487597the writer of the passage mainly wants to _. agive us information about the services of the hotel bpersuade us to stay in the hotelctell us the ways of servingdpromise us good servicecare some people born clever, and others born stupid? or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. to some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. on the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. while the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. this view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.it is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. the closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. if, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. we might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. we would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. this conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.8which best describes the writers point in para.1?aintelligence is given at birth.bintelligence is developed by the environment.cintelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.dsome people are born clever and others born stupid.9it is suggested in this passage that _.aclose relations usually have similar intelligencebunrelated people are not likely to have similar intelligencecthe closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligencedpeople who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence10the example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_.athe importance of their intelligencebthe effect of environment on intelligencecthe importance of their positionsdthe part that birth plays11the best title for this article would be “_”.aon intelligencebwhat intelligence meanscborn with intelligencedenvironment decides intelligenced it started during a yoga class. she felt a strange pull on her neck, a feeling completely foreign to her. her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. it turned out that she was having a heart attack.she didnt share similar symptoms with someone who was likely to have a heart attack. she exercised, watched her plate and did not smoke. but on reviewing her medical history, i found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky-high. she had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the internet. she was the victim of fake medical news.while misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might lead to an increase in deaths. as is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internetand they have very real bad consequences.false medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect (反安慰剂效应) ”. sometimes patients benefit from an intervention (干预) simply because they believe they willthats the placebo effect (安慰剂效应) . the nocebo effect is the opposite. patients can experience harmful effects because they anticipate them. this is very true of statins. in blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo. yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs.what else is on the fake news hit list? as always, vaccines (疫苗) . false concerns that the vaccine may cause side effects have greatly reduced coverage rates.cancer is another big target for pushers of medical misinformationmany of whom refuse alternative therapies. “though most people think cancer tumors are bad, theyre actually the way your body attempts to contain the harmful cells,” one fake news story reads. it warns that prescription medications lead to the uncontrolled cell mutations (变异) .silicon valley needs to face this problem. i am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. meanwhile, journalists should do a better job of spreading accurate information.12we can learn from paragraph 2 that _.athe woman paid little attention to her daily dietsbthe unhealthy lifestyle might lead to the womans heart attackcthe symptom of the heart attack was familiar to the womandthe woman didnt take the prescription due to fake medical news13according to the passage, the placebo effect functions because patients _.aneglect necessary treatmentbdiscontinue the harmful drugscbelieve the benefits of an interventiondsuffer more side effects14what does the author mean by claiming that “he is not a free-speech lawyer” in the last paragraph?ahe is a lawyer very easy to speak to.bhe is good at speaking because of his job.che is available to give a speech on the law.dhe is very cautious when speaking something15the main purpose of the passage is to _.aremind us to take medication as prescribedbwarn us against fake medical news on the internetcencourage journalists to report more positive news eventsdteach us how to distinguish fake medical news on the internet第二节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。in a house with more than one kid, there are bound to be some problems. there are natural 16 for conflicts between brothers and sisters. your brother or sister may borrow stuff, and dont always 17 it. you might think mum or dad 18 your brother or sister more. these are typical problems found throughout the 19 , everywhere in the world.when brothers and sisters dont 20 , they argue and fight. its normal, but too much competition can make for a（an） 21 home life. a little competition can be of 22 .sometimes it can keep you working 23 -like when you and your brother spend time shooting. if hes good at it, it may make you want to 24 , too. but some conflicts 25 arguing, like when you think your brother is 26 more attention from your parents. people who love each other might 27 sometimes but too much fighting is disagreeable for everyone.sometimes brothers and sisters are jealous of one another. for instance, if your sister always does well at school, it may be 28 for you, especially if your 29 are lower. although youre probably 30 of your brother or sister, its normal to be a little jealous, too. it may make you feel better to 31 more on doing your own personal beat, rather than comparing yourself with a brother or sister.you can choose your 32 but you cant choose your relatives. learn to 33 with brothers and sisters and accept each others 34 . as you grow up, your friends might 35 , but your family is your family forever.16aideasbresponsibilitiescpreparationsdreasons17areturnbproduceccollectdpurchase18aprotectsblovescencouragesdhelps19adaysbweekscseasonsdages20aget bybget awaycget ondget back21aunhappybdoubtfulcenjoyabledconsiderate22aimportancebconcerncbenefitdinterest23ahardbtogetherccreativelydefficiently24arescuebimprovecscreamdquit25asettlebrepeatcsupportdinvolve26adeservingblosingcgettingdpaying27aarguebpromisecsweardregister28arelaxingbconfusingcstressfuldcheerful29aspiritsbgradectemperaturesdpressures30asickbawarecconvinceddproud31aadvocatebdonatecfocusddeclare32ateachersbfriendscleadersdclassmate33ahold onblook aheadcshow offdgrow up34adifferencesbcharacterscpreferencedidentities35adisappearbchangeclosedgather第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。traffic accidents and road safetythe number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year. 71 .we must all be aware of the causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. this is true of everyone as accidents affect driven of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians. we all have a responsibility to prevent accidents. here are some of the major causes of road accidents.driven not paying attentionthis is the most common cause of accidents. 72 they are not prepared when another driver does something wrong, like changing paths without signalling or giving wrong signals.drivers being impatient in a traffic jammany drivers are aggressive and push into other paths of traffic or overtake other cars. these are both very dangerous because they can easily lead to crashes. 73 recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phoned while driving has increased by 30 percent. speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a drivers attention from the road.drinking and drivingif you drive after you have had alcoholic drinks, you are breaking the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others 74 , even if they have had just couple of beers, do not allow them to drive.drivers speedingspeed kills this is a fact that is easily overlooked, but driving too fast through city streets is very irresponsible and dangerous. our city streets are away busy with people, cars and bicycles. 75 . they should be especially careful near schools, where there are likely to be many children.aroad safety for pedestriansbdivers speaking on mobile phonescdrivers must watch out for people crossing the roaddunless drivers drinking alcohol is absolutely bannede. when drives do not pay attention to surrounding trafficf. if you are with someone she who has been drinking alcoholg. this notice is aimed at increasing peoples awareness of the problem第ii卷（非选择题) （共两部分，满分70分）第一部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分20分）第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据下列句子及所缺单词的汉语意思，写出单词的正确形式。36which _(牌子) of computer do you prefer?37mary is wearing old jeans and a pair of _ (运动鞋) today.38my daughter has many _(怪念头)in her little head.39every child should take part in _ (运动的) sports to build up their body.40when spring comes, _ (各种各样的) flowers will blossom.41you can buy many _ (纪念品) in every place of interest.42he hadnt _ (预见)that his books were sold in millions. 43the science and technology-based theme park uses the most_(先进的) technology.44take care not to keep your child e_ to bad books, computer games or websites.45we took some fantastic photos, but u_ the film got damaged.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。mark twain, born in florida 46 november 30th, 1835, 47 (bring) up in hannibal, missouri, along the mississippi river. he is best known for his 48 (novel) set in his boyhood world on the river, such as the adventures of tom sawyer and the adventures of huckleberry finn. so much 49 he love the river that even his pen name was about the river. the phrase “mark twain” means that the water is two fathoms in 50 (deep). the play in this unit is adapted from the million pound bank note 51 (write) by mark twin. it was the summer of 1903, 52 two wealthy brothers made a bet. one of them doubted 52 a man could survive a month in london with a million pound bank note. at this moment, they saw a penniless man 54 (wander)on the pavement. it was henry, 55 american businessman, who was lost in london.第二部分写作（共两节，满分50分）第一节、短文改错（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下而写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1每处错误及修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第1处起)不计分。last august we decide to drive to the countryside to spend the weekend.the only problem we had was that millions of other people had exactly the same idea.unfortunately, there were a lot cars on the road so it took us a long time to get to the des