英语阅读理解差怎么办3.doc

英语阅读理解差怎么办（3） 1推理引申题的设问特点（1）常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。（2）提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most，likely等。 2正确选项的特点不是文中直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。另外，正确选项大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。 3干扰项的特点（1）夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。（2）无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。（3）掺入常识：考生已有的常识是正确的，但不是基于文章。（4）推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。例 If you are lost in the mountains， stay calm in the face of darkness， loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival（生存）. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important， but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.68What can we infer from the passage？ADont travel by yourself. BMountain traveling is dangerous.CDont get frightened in danger. DAvoid going to unfamiliar place.本篇短文主要向读者介绍了山地旅行遇险时应采取的应对措施，在文章的第一自然段作者一上来就明确提出：“If you are lost in the mountain， stay calm in the face of darkness，loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival.”（一旦你在山地旅行时遇险，面对黑暗、孤独和周围未知的环境时，一定要保持冷静，这将大大增加你的生存机会。）在第一段最后作者还指出“actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear. . .”（实际上山地遇险时百分之八十的存货几率取决于你面对恐惧时的发应）。根据以上各个线索，应该推断出C为正确选项。而A、D看似常识（不要单独出游；尽量少去陌生的地方），其实则是无中生有捏造出来原文根本没有提到的信息。对于B这个断言有些推导过度，难道山地旅行就都是危险的吗？其实文章要表达的是在山地旅行遇险时要保持镇静，而且没有侧重山地旅行是多么危险。 4解题思路（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。例 Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds（灰狗）and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy！ Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive（好斗的）because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years，and after that they make great pets. They dont need a lot of space，dont make a lot of noise，and dont eat a lot for their size. Normally，greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is，however，a small-sized greyhound，which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black，white，blue，red and brown or a mix of these. Greyhounds have smooth body coats，low body fat and are very healthy. Because theyre slim（苗条的）they dont have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold，especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.69. If you keep a pet greyhound，it is important.A. to keep it slim B. to keep it warmC. to take special care of its leg D. to take it to animal doctors regularly文中曾提到：But they do feel the cold， especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside. 从中可知他们怕冷，因此逆向推理，要注意使他们保暖。（2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断：做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。特别提示 推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理和正确的推断。这是一种从阅读材料中挑出单词或短语，并重新解释的题型。这类词语一般具有以下特点：与文章主旨密切相关；语言文字或语法结构上有一定难度，不易理解；在特定上下文中有特殊含义。 1词义/句义猜测题的设问特点标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思，关键词是：The word . . .refers to _. 2正确选项的特点（1）对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它带回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂；（2）对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义，对于这个例子我们可以结合下面的干扰项的特点一起来讲。 3干扰项的特点（1）字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。（2）无关意思：除了字面意思，命题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其他意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑的就能够排除。例 Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world， and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person， and a number of pauses occur in the conversation， he regards himself as a failure， a worthless person， and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox（喋喋不休人）. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly， but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure（蜡塑人像）。73. By the buzzing of a fly”（Para.1）， the author means ”.A. the noise of an insect B. a low whispering soundC. meaningless talks D. the voice of a chatterbox此段解释了人为什么老爱与他人交谈。这是因为人比其他任何东西都害怕silence.另外再结合文章的结尾：At the end of an evening during w