大学英语精读(第三版)Unit_6-10_讲稿.doc

精品文档College English Intensive ReadingBook OneUnit Six Sam Adams, Industrial EngineerTeaching PlanI. Objectives and Requirements：1. Reading and Writing Course 教学目标：1. To understand the term of “industrial engineering” and talk about “work efficiency”; 2. To understand the main idea and the humorous narration.3. To understand the structure and writing strategy: subordinate conjunctions4. To master key words and phrases5. To conduct a series of listening and speaking tasks教学要求：1要求学生掌握本单元的中心思想和文章结构，学会在写作中恰当使用从属连接词。2掌握新单词、句型的使用方法；加强相关听说训练：Health。3. 掌握阅读技巧：快速寻找中心大意。教学建议： 1在教学过程中启发学生开展关于“工作和学习效率”的探讨，帮助和鼓励学生发现学习过程中的存在的“效率问题”，改变自主学习、自我探究的学习方式，掌握必要的学习效率，培养大学校园中处理学习的能力和效率。2提供最新的资料背景知识，如industrial engineering; efficiency; background music等。2、Listening and Speaking CourseUnit 6: learn to people talk about health; listening training on Diets, Culture Shock, the Flu and An Appointment; .3、 Comprehensive Exercises BookUnit 6: The students finish the exercises in their spare time.II. Teaching arrangement & Time Allotment1） Reading and Writing Course 6 periods2） Listening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks)III. Teaching MethodsCommunicative ApproachLearner-centered TeachingTask-based LearningTranslation MethodMultimedia ApproachIV. Presentation ProceduresLecture notesText: Sam Adams, Industrial EngineerPart I. Background Information:1. Industrial Engineering (工业管理) and Industrial Engineers:Industrial engineering is the detailed analysis of the use and the cost of men , material and equipment in an organization, with a view to increasing its productivity, profit and efficiency. Those who are involved in this kind of analysis are called industrial engineers.Engineers can be classified into many types, such as construction engineer, production engineer, design engineer, and industrial engineer. An industrial engineers duties are 1)to coordinate personnel, materials and machinery and 2) determine the most productive and efficient use of each. He helps plan the production line, designs and adapts details essential to the manufacturing of a product. 2. The American Educational System :In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:Kindergarten: before 5 years oldElementary school: 6-11 years old (Grades 16)middle school: 12-13 years old (Grades 78)middle school: 14-17 years old (Grades 912) College: 4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degreeUniversity: 23 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 28 years for an Ph.D. 3. Background Music : Background music is music which is played quietly yet audibly. Such music is soothing with a relaxed rhythm and is often played with a reduced volume. It permits a person to continue shopping, working or talking without being distracted. Muzak is the name of one of the earliest companies to produce this type of music.（背景音乐一般声音不大，但可以听见。这种音乐节奏舒缓，听起来很舒服，二届音量经常放的不高。这种音乐使人能够继续逛街、工作或谈话不受其干扰。“缪扎克”是最早生产这种音乐的一个公司的名称。）Part II. Warm-up Activities:Step 1. T Introduces useful expressions about “efficiency”.l Efficiency wage l 绩效工资l 工艺工业美术 l Industrial artl Elementary teacher l 小学教师l Upper class l 上层社会l 擅长于熟练于 l Expert at/on/inl 为打下/奠定基础l Lay the foundation forl 职业妇女 l Career womenl Project oneself l 突出/表现自己l 单身未婚女子l bachelor girll 短期贷款l Short-term loansl Roll up ones sleevesl 着手做事l 缓解压力 l Relieve pressureStep 2. Related Topic-centered Discussion(Group work)1) Are you a good listener?2) Are there more complaints than suggestions in your college life?3) Have you ever helped to solve any practical problems for others with the knowledge you learnt in school?4) How would you deal with your English learning efficiently?Or:_5) What is your ideal job? 6) What had you ever dream to be when you were young?7) Do you think the habit of keeping everything in order will benefit ones future work? Why or why not? Or:_8) Do you consider yourself an efficient person?9) Do you think it a good habit for a person to arrange everything in order in his daily life? Why or why not?10) Who does best in your family to keep your house clean and tidy? Say something in detail about it.Step 3. T makes a brief introduction to the efficiency and roles of Industrial Engineers.Part III. Text Analysis: Main Ideas: (Summary Writing)Sam Adams, a “born” industiral engineer.1)when a boy, he (是全家人的效率专家)was the efficiency expert for the whole family. He always wanted everything(安排得井井有条，整整齐齐) to be well organized and neat. For him, there was (样样东西都有一个固定地方)a place for everything. 2) (大学毕业后)After graduation from the college, he worked as a a temporary consultant in a shirt factory. 3) He was amazed at what he saw in that factory. After he (观察)made observations for a week, he offered many suggestions to the manager. And he got a $100 check as a reward. . Judging from what is described in the text, the story must have taken place in the early 1950s. The US cam out of WWII as a “winner” with its industiral capacity intact(工业体系完备)。As a matter of fact, its industrial manufacturing potential was tapped to the full during the war with an efficiency unkown before. Afte the war, the idea that efficiency in operation wa the key to profits and success continued within industrial management. Small factories would occasionlally haire a consultatnt on a temporary basis in the convition that an industrial engineer or an efficiency exper could make them operate more efficiently.Structure: Sam gives a report on his findings and his suggestions with a problem-solution path to improve the production.Mr. Hobbs thanks Sam and gives him some rewards.Problems Solutions/Suggestions1. shirt are often missing 1. Mr. Hobs himself should check the boxesbuttons, collars or even sleeves. of shirts before shipment./ quality control2. Woking tables are high and 2 working tables should be redesigned.unconfortable. 3. The walls of the workroom are 3. A. provide background music.a dull gray color; there are no breaks B. beautify the dull settingin the day; there is no music; C. have a 15-minute breakthe workers easily get bored. 4. The work flow is irregular; some 4. A. Those who do not work hard should be fired.young workers do not work hard B. assembly line redesigned. enough; some even daydream C. pay increase while working. D. promotionPart Division of the TextPartLineMain Idea11-12When a boy, Sam was the “efficient expert” for the family.213-20When a graduate, Sam was asked to work as a “consultant” in a shirt factory.321-38Sam was greatly surprised by the degree of disorder.439-56Sam put forward some suggestions for the improvement of production and was rewarded by the boss.Part IV. Learning points:1). Find out the active expressions:1. find out lean or discover 2. turn out happen to be or be found tobe in the end 3. result in have as a result; cause4. come in have or find a place; have a part to play5. look around walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs6. keep up with go or move as fast asTranslate the following into English:1.首先，流水线需要依靠团队的力量，一分神就会耽误其他人的效率（first of all; absent-minded）。 2. 一个具有良好管理才能的人才会让她生活中的一切都井井有条（in place）。3. 这个项目是有利可图的，因为短期贷款将会带来长远利益。4. 这份工作工资太低，此外，晋升前景也不大。5. 科技进步将人们从繁重的劳动中解救出来。 (Answers:)1. First of all, the assembly line depends on teamwork; one absent-minded worker will affect others efficiency. 2. A person with a good organizitional ability can put everything in his life in place.3. This project is profitable because the short-term loan will bring long-term benefit. 4. The salary for this job is too low, and furthermore, its promotinal prospects are slim.5. The progress in science and technology has relieved people of heavy labor. 2). Word UsingNew Words:1. efficiency: n. the quality of doing sth. Well with n o waste of time or money -she booked the plane tickets for us with great efficiency. -I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis.2. quality: n. 1) degree of goodness-to be of good/poor/ top quality. Eg. 有些顾客投诉饭店的服务质量很差-some customers complain of the poor quality of the service in the hotel.2) a part of persons character, esp. sth. good-Most of us willappreciate such personal qulities as honest and generosity. (我们大都欣赏诚实、宽容等个人品质。)3. consult: v. sb. About sth.: advise 咨询，请教 (with)sb. About/on sth.请教，向（专业人员）咨询 to look at sth. for information 查阅-Have you consulted your lawyer about this?- You shouldnt have done it without consulting me.- he will consult the dictionary whenever he comes across a new word.4. neat: adj. clean and tidy, orderly -Zola always keeps her kitchen neat and tidy. -The old man was neat about his dress though he was not rich. economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient-In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem.c.f. neat, tidy, & orderly这些形容词均含“整齐的，整洁的”之意。 neat 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。例如： -His clothes were always neat and clean. tidy 强调整齐，井然有序。例如：-Andrews apartment is always so tidy. orderly 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联 系安排整齐，强调井井有条。例如： -She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way. 5. inspect: v. to look closely at sth./sb. esp. to check that everything is satisfactory -the policeman stopped his car and demaned to inspect his drivers license. to visit offically 视察-The troops are ready for the visiting President to inspect.Cf.: inspect, examine & investigate 这些动词都有“调查、检查”之意。inspect 侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。examine 最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事 物的性质、功能、特点等。investigate 指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The study insvestigates the impact of violent TV programming on children. 2. I got out of the car to inspect the damage. 3. The research examined the effects of alcohol on long-term memory. 4. She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully. 6. foundation: n. basis -The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.工人们正在给房子打地基。 -The workers are building the foundation of a house. -Thomas Jefferson laid the foundation of the U. S. A. Collocation: be without foundation (or have no foundation) 毫无根据lay the foundations of 为奠定基础shake/rock the foundations of sth. 动摇的基础(or shake/rock sth. to its foundations)CF: foundation, basis, base, & ground这些名词均含有“基础”之意。foundation 用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作 比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。base 指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基 础，也可指某种原因的基础。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper. 2. The earthquake shook the foundation of the house. 3. Then I went to work at the Alameda naval air base , as a machinists helper.4. The ground for his decision were never clearly stated7. relieve: v. make less or easier - The injection can relieve the pain. - We were relieved to hear the news. - The doctors explanation relieved me of my fears.8. boring: adj. dull, uninteresting -The lecture was so boring that I could barely stay awake. - The lesson was boring and the students were bored by it.9. dull: adj.boring not bright or clear slow in understanding; stupid -Some of the students found the campus routine a little dull. -The conference was deadly dull. - Janes hair was a dull, darkish brown. - If you dont understand then youre duller than I thought. Cf: dull, boring & tedious这几个词都是形容词，都有“令人厌烦的”、“生厌的”之意。dull 指因呆板，缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌烦，其内涵是千篇一律，无吸引力，死气沉沉。-The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull. boring 概念最广泛，尤其指引人厌倦，枯燥无聊的谈话、文章，也指令人生厌的人。 - He really is one of the most boring people Ive ever met. tedious 指因对某人或某事的描写太长太多而乏味，也指因反复做某事而乏味。强调因沉闷而引起的生理上的不适。 - We had to sit through several tedious speeches 10. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing; forgetful - The brilliant scientist becomes absent-minded with age. - The absent-minded boy is always losing his books.11. major: adj. greater or more important-The factorys inefficiency is a major problem. -Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world.n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of study -Im changing my major to political science. -She is an English major at college.12. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully-He hopes to achieve his aims by the end of the year. -You will achieve nothing if you dont work hard. -Ive achieved only half of what Id hoped to do.Collocation: achieve ones aims/objectives 实现某人的目标achieved ones ambition 取得成就achieve ones end/goal 达到某人的目标achieve success 取得成就13. management: n.1) the people in charge of a factory or business-A failure in communication between the management and the workforce resulted in a strike.-The business is under new management.2) the act of managing a business -She began to take over the management of her fathers business after she graduated from university. -The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management.14. productive: adj. producing well or much -Jefferson was a productive and talented writer. -They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. -The meeting was very productive.15. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual -Sudden rainstorms are frequent on the Pacific Ocean. -His visits became less frequent as time passed.16. promotion: n. 1) a rise in position -There are good chances of promotion in this firm. -If you are successful, you can expect promotion. -Their sales promotions turned out to be very successful.2) an activity intended to help sell a product -He is responsible for sales promotion.Collocation: attain/gain/get/obtain/receive promotion 得到提升engage in promotion 从事商品推销seek promotion谋求升迁health promotion增进健康sales promotion推销 Phrases:1. happen to do sth: to do or be sth. By chance 恰巧是；碰巧做 -你是怎么成为导游的？-How did you happen to be a tourist guide? -The reporters are eager to know how she happened to be on the spot. -I happened to be out when she called.2. come in: have or find a place; have a part to play -我很了解这个计划，但我不知道我能在制衣厂起什么作用。 -I understand the plan perfectly; but I dont see where I come in at this shirt factory.-她在一百米赛跑中获第二。 -She came in second in the hundred-meter dash.NB: 在英语中come是个常用语，它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组，详见下面的词组：Come out被刊登，被出版Come round苏醒过来，（病人）复元Come through经历Come to共计；达成Come upon突然产生（想法等）Come up to达到；符合Come up with赶上；提供3. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs -The speaker finished her speech and looked round to see if there were any questions. -He looked around for a house to rent.NB: 在英语中look是个常用语，它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组，详见下面的词组：Look back回顾Look down on/ upon看不起，轻视Look for寻找；期待Look forward to盼望Look into观察；调查Look on旁观Look out留神；提防Look over查看；检查Look through看穿；仔细查看 4. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by - We were absolutely amazed at his rapid recovery. - She is amazed by what you have told her. 5. except for: apart from; with the exception of - The house is deserted, except for the keeper. - The carpet is good except for its price. Cf. except, except for & besides 这些前置词或短语均含“除之外”之意。except 侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。except for 多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，还引出相反的原 因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。 besides 指在总体之外另加部分或个体，“除外，还有”。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1). Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?2). She felt fine exept for being a little tired. 3). People choose jobs for other reasons besides money. 4). I finished all the questions except the second one. 5). Exept for one or two cars, the street was empty. 6. hold up: delay or cause to stop - Sorry Im late I was held up at work. - Traffic was held up for several hours by the accident. English Equivalents of Chinese:1. 着手做某事 set out to do sthrt2. 井井有条且整整齐齐 to be well-organized and neat3. 效率专家 efficiency expert4. 高品质/质量 (of)high quality5. 伪劣产品 products of poor quality 6. 打下良好基础 lay a good foundation7. 工程建设项目construction project 8. 担当顾问位置come in as a consultant 9. 短期 on a short term basis / for a short period 10. 最令人奇怪的 most curious of all 11. 耽搁keep up with12. 覆盖要点 cover the major points 13. 美化乏味的环境beautify the dull setting14. 一位多产作家a productive writer15. 夜/白班night/day shiftPart V. Further ReadingProverbs and Quotations1. Work has a bitter root but sweet fruit. 工作是苦的根，甜的果。 2. A work ill done must be twice done. 做不好的工作必须做两次。 3. Whatever I do, I will do in my power. 我无论做什么事，