高三英语考前指导.doc

高三英语考前指导人大附中 程岚2004.05.18距离高考还有20天调整心态：拼搏精神、树立信心 -“Go for it!”The expression “Go for it!” is a way of encouraging someone to try something. “Go for it!” means you should not worry about failure or be too careful. You should take a chance, be brave, and act firmly.做好三个回归三个保持三个落实：回归基础；回归教材；回归近年的高考试题；保持阅读状态（读速60-70wps; 1000wpd）保持听力状态（20mpd）保持限时写作状态（20m情景作文；10m开放作文）1落实考纲词汇：2152个词，404个词组和短语；总词汇量2556l 北京考纲中新增80词；l 北京考纲中94个不规则动词的过去式和过去分词；l 10大常见动词及其词组的用法（give; go; look; make; put; set; turn; take; have; keep）l 自己掌握不太好的词汇和词组用法辨析（易混易错词汇总结）2落实基础语法；l 从句与连词l 动词的时态与语态l 情态动词l 非谓语动词3落实基本句型；l 60个动词基本句型的汉译英练习l 高一至高三人教版教材中的重点句型l 将错题中的答案代入原句，将其作为经典例句熟读背诵经过高三一年时间的复习, 同学们对高考题型已经有了基本的了解，也逐步摸索出一些解题的规律。这里我们就高考各种题型的设置为同学们作一分析，旨在帮助大家进一步了解出题思路，使做题更有目的性，提高做题的准确率。题型：（北京卷）第一卷（20+7+20+35+35+3涂卡） 老师,英语听力应怎么听呢? 在最后20天里还应怎么做呢?I. 听力10条建议 （20分钟）l 至少保证隔一天一套听力模拟题（音质好，语速稍快），保持状态l 听“空中英语教室”l 听04 高考样题或者朗读“考试说明”上高考样题和去年高考题的听力原文l 听听英文歌曲，放松心情，进入英语环境！ II. 单项选择5条建议 （7-8分钟）注：错题如果仍旧想不明白，要么把正确选项放回题干，作为例句熟读背诵。要么遗忘它！III. 完型填空6个技巧 （15-20分钟） 重做“考试说明”上高考完型填空试题，揣摩技巧和思路。 熟读、背诵近5年高考完型填空试题。IV. 阅读理解 （35-40分钟）限时训练重做“考试说明”上高考阅读理解试题，揣摩技巧和思路。 读报纸(中国日报、21世纪、中学生版), 欣赏一些鲜活的语言,快速获取所读内容的主旨大意。//index.php?cat=0第二卷 书面表达4个做题步骤（30-35分钟） 最后几天可以再背一背近5年的高考范文和新概念2册的短文和常用过渡性词语。限时训练：练审题和构思。掌握如何在有限的句子里言简意赅的传达信息。注意其中的承转过渡。I. 听力听力测试考察的是对口头交际能力的理解。分为两部分：第一节为短对话，每段对话仅读一遍；第二节为长对话及独白，每段对话或独白读两遍。时间一般为20分钟。在听力开始时总是难以进入状态,还没反应过来对话就放完了.所以错误总出现在前5题里,由于只放一遍,错过就没有挽回的余地,还容易影响后面的答题.应如何避免这种情况?答：利用试音时间，熟悉朗读者的语音语调，集中注意力，稳定情绪，尽快进入英语测试状态。敢于放弃，不要将注意力总是停留在未听清的部分，以致影响到后面的答题。英语的听力要怎么去听才能不会错太多，后面的短文听得不好，老是听不出来说什么？答：做听力之前, 应先将题目和选项快速浏览一遍，根据题目和选项预测谈话的主题，了解题目问的是什么，三个选项中的关键词是什么。带着问题听，这样便能听得主动。听时要记录关键信息词。尤其在做与数字有关的题时，记录尤为重要，如价格、路程、时间等。 听独白时要注意首句和尾句，第一遍主要是要把握短文的主旨。在做听力题时,应不应该作记录,以备检验.(似乎会浪费时间.)？答：听时记笔记非常重要，但可以用自己能识别的符号，以便节省时间。1预热利用试音时间，熟悉朗读者的语音语调，集中注意力，稳定情绪，尽快进入英语测试状态。2. 读题做听力之前, 应先将题目和选项快速浏览一遍，根据题目和选项预测谈话的主题，了解题目问的是什么，三个选项中的关键词是什么。带着问题听，这样便能听得主动。例如：海淀二模第4题What does the man mean? A. He expects the concert hall to be crowded. crowded B. He does not want to sit close to the stage. not sit close C. He would rather stand than sit. standText 4 W: Lets try to find seats near the stage, shall we? M: Listen, well be lucky if we find a place to stand at this concert. 3. 听关键词有了第一步的快速读题之后，要将问题牢记在心。在听的过程中，不要企图听清录音中每一个词，而是要抓能提供问题答案的关键词。4. 记录关键词记录关键信息词。尤其在做与数字有关的题时，记录尤为重要，如价格、路程、时间等。如：You will read:How long did the lecture last?A. Two hours.B. Three hours.C. One hour.You will hear:M: When was the lecture?W: It started at 3:30 and ended at 5:30.可以记下3：30，5：30。答案为A。又如听电话号码等数字。如果不做笔记，很容易将具体数字忘掉，或将干扰项选为正确选项。5. 了解谈话背景有些对话是在特定场合下发生的，带有只在特定场合所使用的词或语句，要注意识别。如购物，看病，问路，打电话，在餐馆等。常见题目：Where does the conversation take place? Where are the two speakers?6. 抓住主旨、学会预测同阅读理解一样，每篇文章有一个主旨，人们的谈话也是围绕某一个话题进行的。抓住谈话中心，对于预测谈话走向会起到重要作用。e.g. 02春招 You will read:What are the speakers talking about?A. The arrangements for dinner.B. The arrangement for music.C. The arrangement for dances.You will hear:W: Nice to see you, Mike.M: Hi, Jane. Please to see you, too.W: Have you decided what music to play at our schools New Years party?M: Well, I think we can have some folk songs to start with.可以确定谈话的内容是围绕music进行的。下面的内容一定也与music有关。7. 了解谈话人之间的关系通过说话人所使用的词、语气、谈话内容可以判定说话人之间的关系。如夫妻，师生，老板与雇员，医生与病人，司机与乘客，售货员与顾客等。常常这样设问：Whats the relationship between the two speakers? Who is Mrs.? Who is the speaker talking with?8. 判断说话人态度可以通过说话人的用词及语气，语调来判断说话人的态度。在人们说话时也许会用错词，但决不会用错语调。语调体现了说话人的感情。如升调常常表现出说话人的吃惊，疑问，不信任；降调常表示出自信，确定，否定等情感。但是语调不是绝对的，一成不变的。语调变化是在语言的使用中自然形成的，一定要细细体味。声音的轻重和语调的变化可以帮助人们更好地传达信息。这正是听力测试不同于书面测试的地方。9进行正确的推理判断这是考生普遍感到困难的问题。这类题要求考生全面地，综合考察谈话的内容以及说话人的态度，根据所说的推断出未说的。你会读到这样的题：What do we know about the man/woman?What can we learn from the conversation?What may the result of the conversation?e.g.2002北京卷 You will read:7What can we learn about the woman?A. She doesnt really want to go.B. She works hard at school.C. She doesnt like music.You will hear:M: I was wondering if you are free on Saturday evening. Ive got some tickets for a concert. Would you like to come?W: Oh, well Id really like to, butum Im studying for my exams at the moment, and well Im sorry I cant.M: OK - not to worry. Some other time then, I suppose.W: Oh, yeah right.sure.10保持稳定的心态在做题时还要保持良好的心态，不急不躁 。即使前面一部分未听清，也要继续听。不要将注意力总是停留在未听清的部分，以致影响到后面的答题。把握住自己也就把握住了听的主动权。II. 单项选择考察对语法、词汇、交际能力的掌握情况。要求从四个选项中选出最佳答案。考点覆盖面广，形式既有口语、又有书面表达。语境灵活。近年来的高考单项填空题无论是对词汇的考查，还是对语法的考察都突出了语境。动词（包括动词短语、非谓语动词）、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、情态动词、连词、代词都是词汇考察的范围；时态、语态、从句等项目经常在语法考察之列。此外还有对交际用语的考察。1 观察选项，确立考点出题者对每一道题所考察的目的非常明确。15个单选题所覆盖哪些知识点在出题之前就已明确了。对于考生来说，应该是一个反向思维的过程。即先看选项，明确所考察的考点，再审题，确定选项。 e.g. 02北京27题- Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?- Thank you. Id love to, _ Ill be out of town at the weekend. A. becauseB. andC. soD. but考察连词。注意逻辑关系。Id love to. 愿意。Ill be out of town.表示做不到。句子有转折，选D.e.g.02北京21题The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lost B. cried, had lostC. has cried; has lostD. cries, has lost从选项确定本题考察时态。wasnt提示事情发生在过去，用过去时。排除C.D. lose her toy bear的发生先于cry这个动作，可确定B选项正确。确定考点之后，就可以考虑一般过去时和过去完成时的使用范畴，做题减少盲目性。2 充分利用题干所给的条件，领会句子含义e.g. 02全国25题- Is John coming by train?- He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may首先，明确这几个情态动词否定形式的意义。然后顾及语境。确定正确选项D。3 注意题干提示的隐蔽性在近年来的高考题中，有些题干的提示不是很直接，需要同学们能领会暗含的意义。e.g. 02全国27题Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest考察形容词。句中暗含的是anyone in the class与Boris的比较。句子应该用比较级。选B。 98全国14题Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays.A. the bestB. moreC. betterD. the most句中没有出现than，但是暗含了short stories和his plays的比较。也应该选比较级。C正确。4 学会排除四个选项中只有一个最佳选项，其它三个是干扰项。迅速排除干扰，可以为正确选项的确定扫除障碍。先将最不可能的选项排除掉，把相近的选项再加以比较。e.g. 02春招24题Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying考察动词形式。句子有谓语can be，排除A。 C的形式不对, 也应排除。空缺部分修饰goods，作定语，被动关系，用过去分词。确定B正确。5 具备基本的句子分析能力单选中有一些涉及句法的题，需要有初步的句子分析能力，了解基本的句子成分。e.g. 02北京卷22题We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when定语从句修饰的名词是地点名词，go是不及物动词，作状语用关系副词。选where.l 时间分配单项填空的时间应控制在7 8 分钟之内, 20-30秒钟一道题。不要在此项花过多的时间而影响后面答题。而且选择题最好不要检查，相信自己的第一判断。III. 完型填空做题步骤：1通读全文，把握主线 拿到一篇完形，首先要浏览全文，掌握文章主旨大意。这是能否成功关键性的一步。如果一遍看不懂，宁可多看一遍，也不要急忙做题。在这一遍的阅读中弄清文中所叙述的时间、地点、人物关系、事件发展。只有充分理解全文，才能有效排除与本文无关的选项，迅速、准确地做出选择。读的过程也是思维的过程。在这一过程中，我们就会大体勾勒出文章的主线。虽然还不知道具体空缺的是哪个词，但已经有了大概的方向，为下一步的选择降低难度。一般出题的原则是第一句话不设空，目的是交待给读者一个事情发生的环境。因此一定要认真审读这句话。不要急于看选项。如果怕时间不够，省略这一步，一上来就进行选择，会只见树木，不见森林，把握不准文章的基调和作者的态度，做题时犹豫不决，反而影响正确率。2根据文章，做出选择完型填空所考察的内容常集中在名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词等实词上。不能单纯考虑这些词的区别，要结合文章中具体的人物和事件，在文中所规定的时间、地点、条件下，体会人物的活动、态度和情感。3复读全文，审核答案做完题之后，要从头再把文章复读一遍，目的是检查自己的选项能否使文章完整，语气通顺，发展合理。如果在通读过程中发现前后矛盾，与全文不协调的地方，要重新比较选项，进行二次选择。这样才能保证完形的正确率。完型填空做题方法1 充分利用文章的结构、上下文和前后句，找到提示词。我们在做题的时候要充分利用文章所提供的信息。不一定按照题号的顺序作选择。在语境、提示不全的情况下，可先放一下，继续以下的选择。往往在下面做题的过程中就会发现刚才选项的提示。要学会找提示点，做到有根有据，减少盲目性。e.g. NMET 1996_17_ of us are asked to make _18_great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called _19_upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.17. A. allB. FewC. SomeD. None e.g. NMET 2001He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The _1_ of the Snowman has been around for _2_. Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feetOver the years, the story of the Yetis has _6_(continued).1. A. eventB. storyC. adventureD. description2. A. centuriesB. too long C. some timeD. many years2. 排除与本文无关的词e.g. NMET 1999Burlington isnt much more than a _9_ village. Its streets were never _10meant for heavy traffic.A. prettyB. quietC. largeD. modern(“柏林顿不过一个村庄大小。它的街道不是为繁忙交通准备的。”mean vt. 意欲，计划 want or plan to do something I meant this photo for her. 我是准备把这张照片送给她的。 We had meant to be early. 我们本来是想早来的。 I mean you to spend this money for yourself. 我是想让你用这笔款为你自己置些东西的。 Is this picture meant for me ? 这张画儿是打算给我的吗？3. 辨别同义词有时几个词在词义上有重合部分。注意区别。e.g. NMET2000_14_ I turned the key in the lock and _15pushed the door open, .A. Finally B. Meanwhile C. Sooner or later D. At the momentNMET 1996There is nothing really new about _4_ in exams.A. lyingB. cheatingC. guessingD. discussing4. 根据动作发出者确定选项如果让你确定的是句子的主语或谓语部分，要审查是谁做的这个动作。e.g. NMET 1996When the papers were _2_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the _(same) mistakes throughout the test. A. examinedB. completedC. markedD. answeredNMET 1997Dont pick up _14_strangers , and all you folks in gas station better not do _15_ to a white Ford car.A. harmB. favorC. serviceD. business5. 根据逻辑关系确定选项(连词)e.g. NMET 2001they said that they had _4_even caught Yetis on two occasions _5_ none has ever been produced as evidence.A. asB. thoughC. whenD. untilNMET1999Most of them dont _15live here anyway,” he said, “they come in for meetings and that, and the Town Hall is soundproof, _16_ they probably dont _17notice the noise all the much.”A. butB. soC. orD. for6. 利用生活常识及相关知识NMET2001Most believe the footprints are nothing more than _11ordinary animal tracks, which had been made _12_ as they melted and refroze in the snow.A. strangeB. largeC. deepD. roughl 时间分配做完型填空时间应控制在1520分钟内。IV. 阅读理解 阅读理解题直接考察考生运用所学语言阅读书面材料的能力。要求同学们能够在有限的时间内根据问题所提出的任务，在文章中迅速、准确地找到所需信息，经过思维的加工，正确理解文章。高考阅读理解考察同学们以下几方面的能力。1 掌握主旨大意。区分主旨与细节。2 不仅能理解事实，也能理解抽象的概念。3 领会作者态度和意图。4 根据文章理解句意和词意。5 根据现象进行推理和判断。识别题型对于我们有目地的查找信息有很大帮助。 常见题型1 主旨大意题This news story is mainly about _. The text is mainly about _.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2. 事实题Who made “Scrabble popular? （NMET97B）When did Alfred Butts first put his game on the market?Which of the following is (not) true?What made the dough in the bin look frightening? NMET2000BWhat does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3. 句意理解题The underlined phrase “ ” in the text means _.The word “ .” refer to _.“.” as used in the text means _.What did . mean when he said “.”?4. 理解作者意图题Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about .?What is the main point the writer is trying to make?The writers purpose in writing this story is _.The purpose in writing this text is _.5. 推理判断题It can be inferred from the text that _.From the text it can be inferred that _.After reading the story what can we infer about .?From the text we know that is most likely 解题方法1 学会找主题句： 把注意力放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。注意由In fact, Nevertheless, However, But, In summary, In a word, As a result, in short, in conclusion, in brief和finally等“信息词”引导的句子。学会从全文把握作者讨论的主要内容，避免以偏概全，把部分内容当成是整体内容。2 迅速查找信息（应用文）3 事实题注意语言的转述e.g. NMET 1998 A 3文 He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.问 Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to _.A. impress the party guestsNMET2000问Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?C. She didnt want her husband to see it.文 so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work.4 根据上下文猜测生词高考阅读中遇到生词是很正常的。不要惊慌失措，努力根据上下文所提供的信息，猜测这个词大概的意思。5 推理题注意事项：针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题的推断，解题主要依据是文章的中心思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证（opinion and fact）、原因与结果（cause and effect）、主观点与次观点（main idea and supporting idea）。Tips:1）严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息或推论依据进行推理，不能搀杂自己的主观想法。2）不选只是阅读材料的简单重复的选项。因为它是事实，不是推论。3）不选虽在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整的选项。4）文章中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should, might, must, may, etc.）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，有助于确定正确答案。5）注意文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too, rather, excessively等，则常常带有否定的语气。6）某些过渡词（例如however, but, on the contrary, after all, whats more等）后面所表达的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度。6 时间分配：35分钟完成5篇阅读。平均7分钟一篇。 临场注意事项1、克服对生词的恐惧心理。在阅读中，如遇到生词，应利用词汇学知识（如“前缀、后缀”）、句法语义知识和根据上下文来进行推测，对于不影响篇章理解的生词可跳过。2、 做题前应先用扫描法弄清问题的类型及出题角度，尤其是要看清题干，再带着问题看短文，注意与问题有关的信息词及与问题有关的段落范围。3、做题时，应注意不同的题型采取不同的策略，以提高解题的速度和准确率。4、要学会抓分，先易后难。不必为篇章顺序所束缚，客观事实题的分都要拿下，再攻主观题。5、掌握自己的阅读节奏，不受他人的影响，以不变应万变。自己最顺手的方法往往就是适合你的方法。V. 书面表达考察同学们运用语言进行交流的能力。注意卷面整洁，不用涂改液和修正带，涂改处尽可能不要超过3处。做题步骤：1 审题：确定文体（记叙文、说明文、应用文：书信、日记、口头通知等）;确定人称；确定时态；确定要点(要点提供的形式有：图画；图表；文字等)。2 构思：时间够用可以在草稿纸上（万一不提供草稿纸，也可以在一卷边脚处用铅笔）打草稿；时间不是很宽裕，也可以把关键词、句，开头和结尾打个草稿，全文结构有个腹稿，确定写作顺序，即写作层次要清楚。3 行文用熟悉的句型和表达方式，注意选词；避免词不达意和中式英语，如：today morning, in 2003 year, Please say louder so that everyone can listen you. The city has a four million population.应该分别改为：this morning; in 2003; Please speak louder so that everyone can hear you. The city has a population of four million. 注意句与句的连贯性。主语的变换不要太突然。句或段之间的连接要有恰当的过渡词。句式要多样化。简单句不宜使用太多。从句的使用应该恰到好处。要点不可遗漏。注意突出主题的细节描写。4. 检查写完之后，要以做短文改错的眼光审查自己的短文。要点是否全部包括;时态是否统一；句子是否正确(重点查动词名词)；改掉笔误的地方。名词：可数？不可数？动词：一句话必须有也只能有一个谓语。该用原形？过去式？主谓一致？情态动词和不定式to之后接动词原形！不规则动词的过去式和过去分词用对！老师,英语看图作文怎么写呢? 答：抓要点：用一两个单词或短语提炼出每幅图中包含的要点，确保不遗漏要点。老师,英语开放作文怎么写呢?答：我们先看看2003年北京考题：You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “Im going to enjoy myself in the vacation.” He asks, “What exactly are you going to do to have fun?”You tell him what you want to do to make your vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or more examples to show what you mean.考生需要认真审题，即：审语境、审人称、审时态。题目中的关键词应该是“great fun, one or more examples”,因此考生一定要扣题：举例说明打算暑假怎样过开心。英文写作有一个原则，就是 “show more than tell”，意思是细节表达一定要多于抽象陈述，也就是写作要细节化或举例说明。我们尽量用看得见、摸得着的东西来具体表达思想，才能使文章内容充实。Ill go to a beach to see the seabirds flying in the dark-blue sky and drive a motorboat, sailing through clear water toward the rising sun. Then Ill surf the “” website, play games on “FreeEnglish.corn,” or chat with friends online about hot movies like “The Lord of the Rings” and “Harry Potter.”参考范文中动作描写相当细致，网站名和电影名也非常具体，是细节化描述说明的典范。You know I love rock and roll music very much, and I can play guitar very well. So, as soon the vacation begins I will organize a rock band with my friends. Well practice some Nirvanas songs, cause we all love Kurt Cobains music. And maybe we will make some songs by ourselves. If we have the chance, we will give a show at somewhere. Dont you think it will be a great fun to me? 开头或结尾一定要扣题！动词用准确，描述具体。我们再看看2004年北京春季高考试题：On a sunny morning, Xiao Hong from Orange Town was on her way to her friends house in Green Hill, a small town she had never been to before. At a crossroads, she found the signpost（路标）showing the directions had fallen over. She got lost. How could she find out which way to go? Consider two or three different ways of working out the problem. 这篇开放作文主要考查学生的发散性思维能力和语言表达能力。开放作文的写作要求清楚地表达自己想表达的内容。此题要介绍找路的不同方法，考生要充分利用情景中的线索a sunny morning和the signpost showing the directions had fallen over。如果考生只能想到问警察、问过路人，其实这两者是同一种方法：ask the way。因此可以采用头脑风暴（brain storm）的方法理清逻辑线索。First of all, Xiao Hong could ask a passer-by for directions. Since it was a sunny day, she could also use the position of the sun to tell the directions. And finally she could also replace the signpost so that it correctly named the direction she had come from. Then it would be correct for all the other directions. BOf course, Xiao Hong could turn to the local people and then they would tell her which way to take. But she could also manage it herself. All she had to do was hold up the signpost and make sure the “Orange Town” was