初二升初三定语从句.docx

第八讲 定语从句教学目标1、 让学生掌握定语从句的用法。2、 让学生掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。3、 让学生掌握定语从句中的特殊用法。教学重点难点1、 学生能选择正确的关系代词或者关系副词引导定语从句。教学过程 Step1 问好，口语表达 Step2 复习上节课内容 Step3 教学内容A定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 B 定语从句的分类限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性非限定性和先行词关系密切（删掉后影响整个意义的表达）与先行词关系不密切 （是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意义的表达）不用逗号隔开一般使用逗号隔开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that可以省略（that who which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定有逗号隔开,只能由that或which引导C引导词：关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)关系副词where, when、why D 关系词的作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 E 关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)【注意：首先要特别注意只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能用that，另外介词后面不能跟that，而跟which。Mikes dog，which was very old now，became ill and died在限定性定语从句中that和which在代替物时，一般可以通用。】5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.【注意：That 和which,下列情况只能用thatA 先行词是最高级形容词或者它的前面有最高级形容词时。This is the best that has been used against pollution这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。B 先行词是序数词时，或它的前面有一个序数词时。He is the last person (that) I want to see他是我最不想见的人。C 主句已有疑问词who或which时。Which is the bike that you lost？你丢失的是那辆自行车？D 先行词既有人又有物，宜用that。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？ E 先行词是all ， much ， little， something ， everything ， anything， nothing ， none ，the one 等代词时。You should hand in all that you have你应该把你所拥有的一切都交上来。I nean the one that you talked about just now我指的是你刚刚谈到的那个。F 先行词前面only，any，few，little，no，all ， one of 等词修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class G 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before【That 和who:，下列情况用who1、 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those，且做主语时，一般用who2、 There be句型中，先行词为人时，只能用who】【注意：as也可以引导关系从句，主要和such，the same连用，也可单独使用。】 We have such grapes as you never saw. We will give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.F关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.什么时候用关系代词？什么时候用关系副词？用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓