新课标九年级第一单元的讲解.doc

第一讲 Unit 1 How do you study for a test?一：重点知识纲要： 学习目标 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法 语言结构1. Verb + by with gerund by动名词短语 表示“通过途径，方法”2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 重点词汇 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的3. memorize v. 记忆，背诵 4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地5. comma n. 逗号 6. pronunciation n. 发音7. solution n. 解决办法 8. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）9. end up 结束，告终 10. make mistakes 犯错11. later on 以后；随后 12. be afraid to 害怕去做13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人14. take notes 做笔记，做记录15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 目标语言 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？ Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦，我和同学们一起学习。 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗？ Yes , I have . Ive learned a lot that way . 是的，参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。 3. I dont have a partner to practice English with . 我没有同伴可以练习英语。 Maybe you should join an English club. 或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？ Why dont you join an English language club ? 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？ 二：单词、词组的讲解： 1:aloud: 副词。“出声地、大声地”。为使人听见 而发声，声音不是很大。无比较级和最高级。例如： Please read aloud so that I can hear you. 请大声朗读，好让我听见。辨析： aloud副词。“出声地、大声地”。为世人听见而发声，声音不是很大。无比较级和最高级。 loud副词。“高声地、大声的”强调声音响亮。 loudly副词。“高声地、喧闹地”有时可以和loud互换，但是有喧闹的意思。 练习：请用loud, aloud, loudly的适当形式填空。 1：Li Lei, its your turn to read the words _ . 2：Dont talk so _ . The baby is asleep. 3：Please speak _ so that I can hear you clearly. 4：Lots of people spoke _ in the street. It was too noisy . 答案：1：aloud 2:loud/loudly 3:louder 4:loudly2: pronunciation.名词。“发音、发音法、 发音方法” 。例如：His pronunciation has improved. 他的发音已有所改进 Pronounce.动词。发音；正确清晰地吐字、音等。既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。例如：She knows a lot of French words but pronounces them incorrectly. 她认识很多法语单词,但发音不准确 He pronounces distinctly. 他发音清晰。练习：请用pronunciation和pronounce 填空。1：I dont know how to _this word.2:You should look up the right _of this word in the dictionary答案：1:pronounce 2:pronunciation3:辨析study 与learn 的异同点 learn指 “初学”或在老师指导下学习;侧重于学习成果,有掌握了的意思, 也指通过学习获得知识和技能. study指在导师的指导下自己从事学习和研究,侧重于学习过程.注意: learn与study都可接名词或代词作宾语,但learn可接不定式,study则不能.The baby is learning to speak while his father is studying the problem of math.4：practice doing sth练习做某事 They practice listening and writing English every day.5: mistake (名) 错误 eg: a spelling mistake (动) 弄错,误会 (mistook mistaken) eg:I mistook what she said 相关的短语： make a mistake make mistakes eg:He made a mistake. mistake for 把错认为 eg: They mistook him for his brother.6:deal(dealt dealt) 动词。处理、应付。 短语：deal with eg:We must learn to deal with all kinds of difficulties by ourselves.7: unless (如果不,除非) eg:Unless you start soon, you will be late.8: regardas 把看做, 把认为 eg: We regard him as our brother.9:辨析： Frustrating:形容词。“令人灰心的、令人沮丧的”修饰物或者是事件。eg:Watching movies to learn English is frustrating because the people speak too quickly. Frustrated.形容词。“灰心的、沮丧的”修饰人eg: I felt frustrated at that time.类似的词语还有：interesting-interested disappointing-disappointedexciting-excited boring-bored同步练习一 翻译下列单词或词组 1. 令人沮丧的_2. 背诵、记忆_ 3. 出声地、高声地_4. 发音（v.）_ 5. 解决方法_ 6. 根本不_ 7. 结束做某事_8. 犯错_ 9. 害怕做某事_10. 说本族语的人_ 11. 笑话某人_12. 做笔记_ 13. 喜欢、乐意做某事_14. 组成、构成_二选择题1.Some students think studying grammar isnt helpful_. A. Not at all B. at all C. all D. very2.Jean practices English by _ English-language videos. A.read aloud B. reading aloudly C. read aloudly D. reading aloud3.I sometimes learn English by _ English-language videos. A.Watch B. watching C. looking D. looking at4.-_ do you study for an English test?- By making vocabulary lists.A. What B. When C. How D. Who5.My pronunciation is not good._ reading aloud to practice pronunciation?A. How B. What C. What about D. Can三：完成下列句子: 1:Nick thinks I should _.(参加一个学习小组） 2. I talk to my friends a lot. Even though I_.(犯错误） 3. I cant_.使得发音正确) 4. What about_to practice pronunciation.(大声地读英语) 5. I cant understand_.(英语口语) 6. I dont know_.(如何运用逗号) 四： 限时阅读 Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isnt dressed as well as they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt peoples feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. Suppose （假设）youre playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ? Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special dinner . You at times spill （溅）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , its a good sign youve really grown up . Answer the questions（ ）1. This article is mostly about _. A. why laughter is good for your body B. what you should laugh at C. where you may laugh D. who you may laugh（ ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who _. A. have problemsB. not to be worried C. dress wellD. play games（ ）3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you _. A. not to spill foodB. not to be worried C. not to enjoy yourselfD. to grow up（ ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at _. A. jokesB. pictures C. childrenD. yourself（ ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to _. A. make a mistakeB. lose gameC. become angryD. try again 第二讲 Unit1 How do you study for a test?一：课文知识提纲： Section A1. 表示学习的方法：by+动名词 例如：by working with friends ; by listening to tapes2. 表示询问学习的方法： 例如：a.How do you study for a test? b.What about listening to tapes? c.Do you learn English by reading aloud? d.Have you ever studied with a group? Section B1. 学习中所遇到的困难：cant; make a mistake; I dont know 例如：I cant pronounce some of the words. I make mistakes in grammar. I dont know how to use commas.2. 解决的方法：can; should; why dont you 例如：listening can help. You should find a pen pal. Why dont you join an English language club to practise speaking English. Section CReading:How do we deal with our problems?1. by learning to forget2. by regarding problems as challenges3. thinking of something worse二：课文疑难解析 ：1.by 介词，表示“通过方法或途径”的意思，译成“靠、通过” by后面可以加名词或动名词短语 eg（1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。 （2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陆路、航海）旅行。 （3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火车（船，公共汽车）去 （4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手 （5）I study English by watching English movies.我通过看英文电影学英语。 另外，by做为介词的含义有很多，我们也已经学习过一些用法，总结如下 （1）在旁边、靠近 eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。 （2）沿着、经由eg. come by the highway 由公路来 （3）由于 eg. by mistake 由于差错 （4）被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章 （5）（表示面积）eg. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 （6）逐批 eg. One by one 一个接一个（7）表示方法、途径2.Section A 中的疑难解释 1) ask 动词，表示“询问 、要求”的意思，译成“要求、询问” ask sb for help向某人寻求帮助。 eg:by asking the teacher for help. ask sb about sth向某人询问某事情。About后面加名词或动名词。 eg:ask students about the best ways to learn more English. ask sb to do sth 要求/请求某人做某事 eg: He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle.2)Howquestions How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义 （1）表示问候 eg. How do you do ? How are you ? Hows everything going ? （2）表示“怎样” eg. How is your new house ? 你的新房子怎么样？ Its great. 它太棒了。 How do you learn English ? 你是怎样学英文的？ I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的，不能混淆。 how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语或宾语。 试比较： （1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表语） （2）How did you travel around the world ? I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语） （3）What do you learn at school ? I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects. （学习的科目，做宾语）3) Many said they learnt by using English . 许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。 Many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为Many students. Many is a large number of something. 例如：We can put away many of these plates . We dont need this many. 我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这4) Some students has more specific suggestions. 有些学生有更加具体的建议。辨析：Suggestion/advice/opinion/recommendation/view等词之间的异同点suggestion 名词。既可以做可数名词也可以做不可数名词。表示“建议、提议、暗示”等等。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提车的建议，有时所含建议不一定正确，仅供参考。eg:What a ridiculous suggestion.多么荒唐的建议。 I put the computer over there at your suggestion.根据你的建议我把计算机放在那边了。advice 名词。不可数名词。表示“劝告、忠告、意见”，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。eg:If you take my advice ,you will see a doctor.注意：advice 的单数形式可以表示为：a piece of adviceeg:Let me give you a piece of advice.opinion 名词。泛指对事物的看法和意见。eg:Opinions differ on this matter.对这件事个人看法不一。recommendation 名词。指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。eg:act on ones recommendations. 按某人的建议办。view 名词。侧重指对重大的或一起公众关注的问题所持的看法或态度。eg:What are your views on her resignation.5) She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. not at all 根本不，全然不 eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 We get excited about something and then end up with speaking in Chinese. 6) get excited 变得兴奋起来 get是系动词，有“逐渐变得”的含义 get + adj eg. get mad 生气 get clear变得清楚了 The long journey got the children all tired. 长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。7) end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 后面加动名词短语 相当于finish doing sth . 注意与stop doing sth 的区别: end up doing sth 指结束做某事，事情已经完成。 eg:When we practice speaking English, we often end up speaking in Chinese. stop doing sth 指停止做某事，有可能是暂时的，不久还会继续下去。 eg: We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. 另外，end up with 以结束 The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终.3. section B中的疑难解析： 1). First of all , it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher. 首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。 first of all 首先 It is (was) for sb to do sth . 在这个句型中，不定式做真正的主语，it是形式主语。2). 一些词组 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 take notes 记笔记 enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事be impressed 深受感动的it doesnt matter 没关系，无所谓be afraid to do 害怕做某事3) .I was afraid to speak in class. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 eg:She was afraid to meet my eye. 她怕与我目光相遇 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 eg: Dont be afraid of asking questions 不要害怕提问题。4). 在这篇文章中，出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰，条理清楚。在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少，提高档次。在文章中，出现的词有： first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 also 也、而且（用于肯定句） either 也（用于否定句） so 因此then然后5) .She had trouble making complete sentences. have trouble (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难。 eg:I have trouble talking with some strangers4. Section C中的疑难解析：1) .Unless we deal with our problems,we can easily become unhappy. 如果我们不解决我们的问题，我们会很容易生气。 Unless表示“如果不、除非”。例如： eg:Youll fail in French unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲儿，法语就考不及格了同时，unless 可以与not 连用。 eg:I dont go to bed unless my mother come back .2) .Many students often complain about school. complain用法:vi. 1. 抱怨,发牢骚;诉说(病痛等) eg:Ive really got nothing to complain of.我确实没有什么可抱怨的。 eg:He complained to me about the food.他向我抱怨伙食不佳。 2. 控诉,投诉 eg:He complained to the police of the boys stealing his apples. 他向警方控告那些男孩偷他的苹果。 vt. 1. 抱怨;控诉 eg:He complained that the exam was too hard.他抱怨考试太难了词组：complain about对不满 complain about sth 抱怨某事 complain to sb 想某人抱怨 complain that+从句 抱怨某事 complain to sb (about sth) 向某人抱怨某事 complain of sth 诉说病痛 eg：She never complains. He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. Im going to complain to the manager about this. She left early, complaining of a headache3) .It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers.译： 在老师的帮助之下，尽我们最大的努力去处理我们学习过程中遇到的每一个挑战是我们的责任。解析：本句中It 只是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构。 It is ones duty to do sth 表示“做某事是某人的义务或责任”。 try ones best 尽力做 deal with 处理 应付 with the help of 在帮助之下 4) lets face the challenges instead. instead 副词。表示“代替、反而” eg:If you cant sign your name, make a cross instead. 你如果不会签名，画一个十字也可以。In other words, youll come instead. Right? 换句话说，你将代替他来，对吗？词组：instead of 代替，而不是。例如： He will go instead of you. 他将代你去。5）reading中出现的其他的短语。be angry with 对生气 regard as 把当作change into 将变成think of 想起、想出、考虑compare to 比作同步练习一：连词成句 1. study , How , you , do , for , test a _ ? 2. by ；study； listening to , I , cassettes _. 3. you , do , by , learn , reading , English , aloud _? 4. should , find , you , pen pal a _. 5. cant , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize_二用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Do you learn English by_(study) with a group?2. What about _(read) aloud?3.Practice _(memorize) articles, and you will be able to say complete sentences.4.Read every day_(practice) your_(pronounce).5. Do you know how to _(pronounce) the word?6. Are you excited about_(travel) to Asia?7.At first, they argued with each other. Later on, they ended up_(fight).8.Its not easy for me _(follow) the teachers because they speak too quickly.9._(do)much listening practice is one of the secrets of _(become) a good language _(learn).10. They decided _(not hang out) any more.11. Write your original sentences_(use) the grammar.12. Have you ever_(join) an English club?13. Its good to improve my _(listen) skills.14. He asked how _(study) grammar.15. Do you often watch actors_(speak) while watching English moves?16. _(join) an English club is a good way _(learn) a language.17. Its _(amaze) how much it helps.18. Do you enjoy _(learn) English?19. My parents are very _(impress) by my great progress.20. Do you have trouble _(take) a lot of grammar notes?21.The best way _(improve) English is _(use) Grammar in original sentences.三：将下列方法及理由搭配起来，组成相应的句子 Ways 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs 2. by reading English magazines 3. by using English 4. by studying grammar 5. by watching English movies 6. by joining the English club at school 7. by having conversations with friends Reasons : A. because we can practice more and study English well. B. because the native speakers speak too quickly . C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . E. because it is the best way to learn new words F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese G. because it can help us learn new wordsModel : （1）I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music . （2）I dont think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money . 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 四.阅读理解： People living in different countries made different kinds of words . Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world . Each contains many thousands of words . A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need all these . To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more . The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary . Your dictionary is your most useful book . 根据短文选择最佳答案： 1. The number of different languages spoken is about _. A. 150B. 15,000 C. 500D. 1,500 2. Before you leave your school , youll learn _. A. only two thousand words B. five hundred thousand words C. more than one thousand words D. three or four thousand words 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must _. A. get as many dictionaries as you can B. read as many books as you can C. buy a lot of books D. have a very large English dictionary 4. You will enjoy _. A. the books written in easy English B. your dictionary C. your new words D. finding new words in a dictionary 根据短文翻译下列句子： 5. A