新世纪高职高专英语.doc

新世纪高职高专英语 2Unit TwoTeaching PlanWhos Afraid of Maths Anyway?I. Teaching Objective Master the key Words and structures. Be able to explain the differences between man and woman with respect to the social position and the career ladder as well. Discuss whether the factors causing the differences are more biological生物学的than social.II. Key Points Vocabularyapparent显然的, 外观上的 avoid claim (根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要 convince .使确信, 使信服 evidence .明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 物证据, 证物 influence reveal展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 solve suggest statistics统计学, 统计表 tend趋向, 往往是vt.照管, 护理 bring up教育；养育,提出；引出 come up with想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生 find out发现；揭露 go back (to) lead to通向, 导致 point out指出；把注意力引向 take up开始从事；专注于, 继续；接下去 think of.asStructureas.as; be likely to do可能SkillsUsing comparison and contrast to find out the meanings of wordsCharts海图, 图表vt.制图readingBusiness card readingIII. Teaching Procedures Lead In Activity; Study of the Text; Study of Words and Phrases;Study of Read More; Study of Practical Reading; Study of Practical WritingLead In1. Ask the students to look at the pictures on Page 12 in the textbook and discuss in pairs if they had a choice, would they choose to be men or women, and then ask some pairs to report their findings to the class.2. Ask the students to find out both strong and weak points of man and woman in relation to the various social parts they play, and then report to the whole class.Read InI. Background Information1. Liberal arts大学文科提供关于一般文化、信息的学术学科，如语言、文学、历史、哲学、数学和科学：大学文科提供关于一般文化、信息的学术学科，如语言、文学、历史、哲学、数学和科学： Liberal arts refer to college or university subjects such as literature, history, and political science. They are different from prevocational 职业教育前的or preprofessional预备就职前的准备，或专业学习之前的准备studies, which more directly prepare a student for specific kinds of employment. Examples of prevocational and preprofessional预备就职前的准备，或专业学习之前的准备studies include programs in the health卫生; 保健sciences, engineering, architecture建筑, 建筑学, and computer programming. Prevocational or preprofessional courses of study constitute制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命an increasing majority of higher education programs worldwide. In the United States fewer than a third of all college students graduate with bachelors degrees in liberal arts subjects. Nonetheless虽然如此, 但是, liberal arts education still has passionate充满热情的advocates提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹. Defenders .防卫者, 拥护者, 辩护者, 运动卫冕者of the liberal arts claim that a broad-based无限的, 包含广泛的non-specialized专门的, 专科的 education prepares young people for the variety of experiences and occupations职业, 占有, 占有(房屋等)期间they can expect to pursue .追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事over the course of a lifetime.2. Some Successful Women in Science Although science and mathematics are usually regarded as masculine ma:skjulinadj.男(性)的, 雄的,男子气概的; 有力的; 勇敢的,(女子)有男子气的; 精力充沛的subjects, many successful women in these fields proved that those subjects do not belong to men alone. For example, Marie Curie居里(姓氏 Marie, 1867-1934, 生于波兰的法国女物理学家、化学家; 1898年与其夫皮埃尔共同发现镭; 曾获1903年诺贝尔物理学奖、1911年诺贝尔化学奖 Pierre, 1859-1906, 法国物理学家、化学家; 与其妻玛丽共同发现镭; 曾获1903年诺贝尔物理学奖 curie 放射性强度单位=3.7 10+10次衰变/秒 (1867 1934), a French physicist and Nobel Prize winner, working together with her husband, performed ground-breaking studies of radioactive elements放射性元素, including the discovery of two such elements, radium 化镭and polonium 化 钋. Their work contributed greatly to the understanding of atoms on which modern nuclear physics核物理，核物理学is based. One of the Curies daughters, Joliot Curie (1897 1956) shared the 1935 Nobel Prize for chemistry with her husband for their work in the synthesis综合, 合成of radioactive .放射性的, 有辐射能的 substances. Emmy Noether (1882 1935), a German mathematician, was noted for her work in abstractalgebra代数学. Her work on the theory of invariants不变式, 不变量 was used by Albert Einstein in formulating明确地叙述, 公式制定some of his relativistic concepts. Maria Goeppert Mayer迈尔(热容量单位), (1906 1972) German physicist noted for his contributions to the understanding of thermodynamics. 迈尔，玛丽格佩特1906-1972德裔美国物理学家。因其对原子和原子核的研究发现而获得1963年诺贝尔奖, a German-American physicist, was best known for her study of nuclear structure核心结构. She shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in physics. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910 1994) 1.霍奇金(Alan Lloyd, 1914-, 英国生理学家、生物物理学家, 曾获1963年诺贝尔生理学-医学 奖 Dorothy Mary Crowfoot, 1910-, 英国女化学家, 曾获1964年诺贝尔化学奖) 2.何杰金(Thomas, 1798-1866, 英国医师), a British chemist and Nobel laureate佩戴桂冠的n.戴桂冠的人, was well-known for her use of X-ray diffraction(光, 声等的)衍射, 绕射, 折射to study the structure of macromolecules .巨大分子, 高分子. She was awarded授予, 判给the 1964 Nobel Prize.3. Topic-related words or phrases: sex discrimination辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视: American women have historically在历史上, 从历史观点上说been victimized牺牲by discrimination in voting投票adj.投票的(which was not secured安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的v.保护for women until a 1920 constitutional构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的amendment改善, 改正), employment雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 职业, and other civil fights (for many years, for example, women were denied否认, 拒绝the fight to serve on juries 陪审团, 评判委员会, 陪审员). In the late 1960s women organized to demand legal equality with men. They organized into the National Organization for Women and other groups to press for迫切要求equality in education, employment, and government. As a result of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, women made some gains against employment discrimination. During the 1970s, the effort was pressed not only against discriminatory practices but also against outmoded过时的attitudes姿势, 态度, 看法, 意见 toward the role of women in society. In 1972 Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution and submitted it to the states for ratification批准. The ERA was designed to eliminate the last vestiges遗迹, 痕迹, 残余, 丝毫, 生退化的器官 of legal discrimination against women. With only 35 of the required 38 states ratifying批准, 认可 the amendment, however, the necessary approval 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 was not secured by the 1982 deadline. Although this was a defeat for the feminist男女平等主义者, 女权扩张论者 movement, working toward the ERA built a skilled leadership领导能力, 领导阶层 of female politicians and lobbyists活动议案通过者, 说客. The goals of the ERA are being achieved through piecemeal legislations立法, 法律的制定(或通过) sex role: a set of behaviors characteristic of or expected of members of one sex or the other. For centuries, the differences between men and women were socially在社交方面, 善于交际地, 在社会地位上, 在全社会中 defined定义, 详细说明 and distorted扭歪的, 受到曲解的 through a lens透镜; (凹、凸)镜片; 一组透镜 of sexism.男性至上主义, 蔑视女性 in which men assumed假定的, 假装的, 装的 superiority优势，优越性 over women and maintained 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张it through domination.控制, 统治, 支配. As the goal of equality between men and women now grows closer靠近的, we are also losing our awareness意识, 注意 of important differences. Men and women are equal but different. Men and women have a fight to equal opportunity and protection under the law. The fact that people are assured of these fights does not negate否定, 打消 that men and women are at least as different psychologically心理上地, 心理学地 as they are physically身体上；肉体上. The physical differences are rather obvious and most of these can be seen and easily measured. Weight, shape, size and anatomy.剖析, 解剖学 are not political opinions but rather tangible.切实的 and easily measured. The physical differences between men and women provide functional advantages and have survival value生存值. The psychological differences between men and women are less obvious. They can be difficult to describe. Yet these differences can profoundly深深地, 衷心地 influence how we form and maintain relationships that range from work and friendships to marriage and parenting（父母）对孩子的养育养育孩子，尤指父母对孩子的关心、爱护和教导. Relationships between men and women are not impossible or necessarily difficult. Todays society has taught us and has imposed利用, 欺骗, 施影响 on us the expectation期待, 预料, 指望, 展望, 数期望(值) that men and women should live together continuously, in communion .交流, 恳谈, 共有, 共享, 宗教团体, and in harmony harmony. The challenge facing men and women is to become aware of their identities同一性, 身份, 一致, 特性, 恒等式, to accept their differences, and to live their lives fully and as skillfully巧妙地, 技术好地as possible.II. Text Presentation and Language PointsLines 1 9 Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference betweenboys and girls. However, none were convincing enough to explain the general picture. As onescientist points out, There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth, which may influence the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other influences that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and maths, or whether theyve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys territoryQuestions:What kind of explanation have scientists offered as to the difference between girls andboys?They have come up with biological explanations for the difference.What does the general picture refer to?The universal difference boys and girls show while choosing subjects.What makes it difficult to understand how boys and gifts choose their subjects?Besides genetic differences, there are many other important factors that may influence their choices.What does the scientists remark suggest?Its highly questionable that biological reason causes the outcome that girls ore inferior to boys in science subjects.1. Whos Afraid of Maths Anyway .无论如何, 总之? anyway: at any rate, in any caseExamples: A. I know you dont like it, but I dont care, Im buying it anyway. B. Anyway, said Bob, changing the subject, please do it fight next time.2. Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls. come up with赶上, 提出,提出,拿出: find or offer (an answer, a solution, etc.)Examples: A. He came up with a new idea for increasing sales. B. He couldnt come up with a reason for them to stay for another month. C. He came up with a good excuse for being late for the meeting.3. However, none were convincing enough to explain the general picture. convince: make someone believe that something is true or fight; persuadeExamples: A. She failed to convince him of his mistake. B. He managed to convince the jury that he was telling the truth. convincing: persuasiveExamples: A. Thats not a very convincing excuse for being late! B. John sounded very convincing.4. As one scientist points out. point out: indicateExamples: A.I would like to point out that you are thirty minutes late. B. The guide pointed out the house of a famous movie star as we passed by it.5. There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at birth which may influence the subjects boys and girls choose. influence: have an effect onExamples: A. He was hardly influenced by the opinions that surrounded him. B. Its your choice, dont let anyone else influence you.6 . or whether theyve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys territory. 1) bring sb. up: raise, rear or educate sb. Examples: A. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. B. Mary brought up her son on her own. C. Joe was bom in Chicago but brought up in New York. 2) territory: the area of knowledge Examples: A. Astronomy is an unfamiliar territory, and I cannot answer any questions about the stars. B. His scientific investigations cover a wide territory.Lines 10 16 Statistics show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the report authors says, While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still acceptable for women to say that they are hopeless at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys, they have not been encouraged to do so.Questions:What do statistics show about girls mathematical competence?Girls mathematical competence is just as good as that of boys.What prevents girls from further study of math according to a recent report?Social attitudes should take the blame.What is still acceptable for women now according to one of the reports authors?It is still acceptable for women to show incapability in math today.7. Statistics show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. 1) statistics: a collection of numbers which represent facts or measurements Examples: A. Statistics show that online transactions are on the rise. B. According to the statistics, women constitute nearly two-fifths of the work force. 2) equal: of the same in size, number, value, etc. Examples: A. Women demand equal pay for equal work. B. Your achievement is equal to his.8. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. because of: followed by a noun, pronoun or verb in -ing form, meaning as a result of because: followed by a clause, meaning for the reason thatExamples: A. Because of the rain, the sports meeting was put off till next Friday. B. Jane was late for work because her car broke down.9 . they have not been encouraged to do so. encourage: give someone the courage or confidence to do somethingExamples: A. Jane encouraged me to work hard in school. B. The children are encouraged to solve the problem on their own.Lines 17 24 The explanation for the difference, which is apparent during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to complete tasks, although boys are. For example, boys and not girls, are often asked to help with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.Questions:When does the difference become obvious?It is apparent during the teenage years.When does the difference begin to form?It begins to form as early as the nursery school days.What effect do the different social attitudes have in nursery school?Only boys, not girls, ore encouraged to work on their own and complete tasks.How does this encouragement benefit boys in their later life?They gradually learn to solve problems and find out answers for themselves.10. The explanation for the difference, which is apparent during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. 1) apparent: easily seen or understood Examples: A. The cause of the accident was apparent to everyone. B. Its quite apparent that he would vote against the proposal. 2) go back (to): have ones origins in (an earlier time) Examples: A. This festival goes back to Roman times. B. The history of horse racing goes back to the Olympic Games of about 600 BC. 3) childhood: the time of being a child Examples: A. He has taken a great interest in music since childhood. B. Ill never forget the small town where I spent my childhood.11. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. 1) lead to: result in Examples: A. Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. B. I welcome any change that will lead to something better. 2) later on: at a later time Example: At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble.12. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers . 1) evidence: words or things that prove something Examples: A. There wasnt enough evidence to prove him guilty of the crime. B. There is some evidence that peoples purchasing power is rising. 2) exceptional: unusually good, outstanding Examples:A. The exceptional tennis player won the championship. B. The girl has exceptional abilities as a pianist.Lines 25 30 A further report on maths teaching reveals that teachers seem to give more attention to boys than to girls. Most teachers who took part in the study claimed that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, and gives them confidence and convinces them that they can succeed.Questions:What does the report on maths teaching reveal?It reveals that teachers pay more attention to boys than to girls.Whats the difference in teachers expectations for boys and girls?Teachers tend to expect higher marks of boys in science subjects.What do the teachers different expectations lead to?They lead to boys harder work, strong confidence and hence better performance inscience subjects. 13. A further report on maths teaching reveals that teachers seem to give more attention to boys. reveal展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露: make known; showExamples: A. What he said revealed a top secret. B. A glance at the clock revealed that it was almost midnight.14. Most teachers who took part in the study claimed that they expect their male students. claim: state or declare something as a factExamples: A. Dont claim to know what you dont know. B. The job applicant claimed he had a college degree. C. The scientists claimed to have worke