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高三综合复习阅读微技能突破训练-主旨大意题ACHRONOLOGICAThe Unbelievable Years that Defined HistoryDID YOU KNOWIn 105AD paper was invented in China? When Columbus discovered the New World? The British Museum opened in 1759?CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloonsand monkeys in space.Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasnt always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years War didnt actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothenext?AAhistorybook. BAsciencefiction. CAbiography. DAtravelguide.57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?ABygivingdetailsofitscollection. BBycomparingitwithotherbooks.CByintroducingsomeofitscontents. DBytellingstoriesatthebeginning. BBefore birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Adrances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs, When the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound dated from 67 nests in four sites in Queenslang before and after hatching, Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.”Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“_”. A.be the as bad B.be just as good C.be the worst D.be the best59.What are Kleindorfers findings based on? A.The data collected from Queenslands locals.B.Similarities between the calls moms and chicks. C.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .A.fit the environment better B. can receive quality signals C.are in need of training D. make the loudest call CA study involving 8 ,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings , the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts than any before.University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at 3 , 000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling. In the research, the teenagers were presented with the terms of four different loans but 76 percent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average 31,000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just 17 ,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than 10 , 000. Average debts for graduates are 12 ,363.Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said, The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fair weather, aged 15 , from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.61. Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project? A. Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.B. Students understand personal finances differently.C. University tuition fees in England have been rising.D. The students payback ability has become a major issue.62. The phrase to raise the ceiling in Paragraph 2 probably means_. A. to raise the student loans B. to improve the school facilitiesC. to lift the school building roofs D. to increase the upper limit of the tuition63. According to Stephen Moir, students_. A. should learn to manage their finances wellB. benefit a lot from lessons on personal financeC. are too young to be exposed to financial issuesD. should maintain a positive attitude when facing loans64. What can we learn from the passage? A. Many British teenagers do not know money matters well.B. Young people should become responsible adults C. Financial planning is a required course at college.D. Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.DIt doesnt kill germs better than cooler water, but turning tap temperatures high, the US burns carbon equal to the emissions of Barbados.People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States, but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs, a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country. Its cold and flu season, when many people are concerned about avoiding germs. But forget what you think you know about hand washing, say researchers at Vanderbilt University. Chances are good that how you clean up is not helping you stay healthy; it is helping to make the planet sick. Amanda R. Carrico, a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee, told National Geographic that hand washing is often “a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest, but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.” Carrico said, “Its certainly true that heat kills bacteria, but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.” She explained that boiling water, 212F (99.98C), is sometimes used to kill germs - for example, to clean drinking water that might be polluted with germs. But “hot” water for hand washing is generally within 104F to 131F (40C to 55C.) At the high end of that range, heat could kill some germs, but the sustained contact that would be required would scald the skin. Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature, her team found “no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria.” Even water as cold as 40F (4.4C) appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water, if hands were scrubbed, rinsed（冲洗）and dried properly. In fact, she noted that hot water can often have an unfavorable effect on hygiene. “Warmer water can harm the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside, which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria,” said Carrico. Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary, as well as wasteful, Carrico said, particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research, people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number, Carricos team calculated a significant impact on the planet. “Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear minor, when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year, this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually,” she said. Thats roughly equal to the emissions of two coal-fired power plants, or 1,250,000 passenger vehicles, over the course of a year. Its higher than the greenhouse gas emissions of small countries like El Salvador or Armenia, and is about equivalent to the emissions of Barbados. If all US citizens washed their hands in cooler water, it would be like eliminating the energy-related carbon emissions of 299,700 US homes, or the total annual emissions from the US zinc or lead industries. The researchers found that close to 70 percent of respondents said they believe that using hot water is more effective than warm, room temperature, or cold water, despite a lack of evidence backing that up, said Carrico. Her study noted research that showed a “strong cognitive（认知的） connection” between water temperature and hygiene in both the United States and Western Europe, compared to other countries, like Japan, where hot water is associated more with comfort than with health. The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature, which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.65. What does the writer mainly focus on when writing this passage?A. Why the consumption of hot water is unnecessary and wasteful.B. What the advantages and disadvantages of using hot water are.C. Whether hot water helps kill germs effectively in hand washing.D. How hot water contributes to the s