完形填空解题技巧初三.doc

个 性 化 教 学 设 计 教 案授课时间：2012年 月 日（ ）备课时间：2012年 月 日年级：初三 学科：英语 课时： 3学生姓名：课题名称完形填空解题技巧授课教师：教学目标教学重点教学难点教学过程完形填空解题方法1. 通读全文，把握文章主旨，洞察作者写作意图 通读全文是做完形填空之前必不可少的工作，在快速阅读的过程中，不要急于看选项，而要一口气读到底，以求综观全文，获得对文章内容的整体了解，从而确定作者的 写作意图，判断自己的 基本思路。 2. 重视首段，“好的开始是成功的一半” 完形填空中，第一句一般不设空。通过认真分析首段，可发现首段多向读者交代了事件发生的时间、地点、背景、人物、起因等，使读者在下面的阅读中有一个清晰的语境。 如：Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? if so，then a new alarm clock could be just for you . The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits_1_ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep_2_rousing you. Its makers say that should_3_you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. 1. A. beside B. near C. for D. around 2. A. upon B. before C. towards D. till 3. A. ensure B. assure C. require D. request 本文通过问答的方式引出主题一款新型闹钟在清晨叫醒你的时候能让你精神振奋，从而为下文的进一步描写作了铺垫。第1小题主要是考察一个固定用法wait for sb. to do something；而2小题主要考查句子含义；第3小题照应第一段中所提及的情况。因此，这3个小题的答案分别应为 C、B、A。 3. 记住十二字方针“上下求索，左右逢源，瞻前顾后” 完形填空中，我们常会发现上一句的答案就隐藏在下一句中，或上一段为下一段作铺垫。因此当遇到自己拿不准的地方时，一定不能心慌，应耐心地看下去。 如：The other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, _ poison flowed instead of water and where devils(恶魔) and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled. A. which B. that C. whose D. where 这个句子很明显是在考查一些基本的语法。将语法考查应用于完形填空是近年来考查学生英语综合能力的大趋势。这个句子对于连词的考查 ，即使你不能正确地分析句子的类型也一样也可以做得到，因为该句中一个and 体现了两个句子是同类从句的并列使用，那么选出正确答案就相当容易了。本题的答案应为D。 有时，为了使文章生动活泼，作者会使用一些比喻或排比的写作手法。那么这时就要停下来分析他们之间的内在联系，来确定正确答案。 如：It was New Years night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep_1_sky, where the stars were _2_ like white lilies(百合花) on the surface of a clear calm lake. 1. A. grey B. blue C. black D. cloudy2. A. floating B. flashing C. hanging D. shining 有很多同学在做这两道题时都会误选C 和C 。究其原因是第一句中出现了一个关键词night，因此很多同学都认为天空应该是黑色的，而按照常规思维星星又似乎是挂在天空上的。但是，此题中有很明显的一个比喻句，因此解题的突破口就在这个比喻句上了。我们都知道，只有在两种情况有相似性的时候才使用比喻。那么仔细分析后面的句子，我们会发现百合花在平静的水面上，会是一种什么意境呢？把星星比做百合花，那么天空就是平静的湖水了，众所周知，平静的湖水应该是蓝色的，而且花在水上应该是飘着的。因此这两小题的正确答案应为B 和A。 4. 充分考虑语法和词汇在完形填空中的应用 如：When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be effective on TV. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to _1_ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working on radio, for example, they had become _2_ to seeing on the behalf of the listener. This _3_ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking, 1. A. turn B. adaptC. alterD. modify 2. A. experienced B. determinedC. establishedD. accustomed3. A. efficiency B. technologyC. artD. performance 在第 1题中，adapt动词常与to搭配，表示“适应”，因此，要注意动词或词组的搭配；第2题也是习惯搭配，be /become accustomed to sth./doing sth.表示“习惯于”，其中to为介词，注意上下文联系，to seeing正好符合要求；第3题关键是抓住空白处后的介词of，of前后是同格关系，即seeing for others和空白处所要填入的名词表示同一意思。因此这几个小题的正确答案应为B、 D、 D。 5. 注意句子间的逻辑关系 一般所填空格的句子与上下文可构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。根据上下文的逻辑关系并结合所给选项的基本含义来确定。 如： The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection;_ , what he needs is to befitted into a highly organized university system. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also 根据上下文，空格前的意思为“外籍研究学者通常把自己隔离在实验室里作为一种保护的手段”。空格后为“他需要融入的是高度的组织化的大学系统”。前者是一种孤离的状态isolate，而后者是一种组织化的系统befitted to a highly organized university，从逻辑角度而言，前后已然成为对立、矛盾的关系。所以答案应为表示对比（转折）关系的连词however。 6. 排除法在完形填空中的应用如：“In the United States professors have many other duties 1teaching, such as administrative or research work. 2, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class limited.” 1. A. but B. except C. with D. besides 2. A However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless 在完形填空中，经常会出现同性元素，而所谓的同性元素就是指具有相同的含义，同样的语法功能以及一致用法的两个或多个选项，只要具备以上几个条件，它们相互之间就构成了同性元素。其实，同性元素的出现，是出题者黔驴技穷的表现，往往是为了凑足4个选项不得已而为之的。分析以上两题选项，很明显1题中A与B互为同性元素，意思与语法功用一模一样，均表示“除了（不包含）”。 2题中A与D也如出一辙，均是表示转折的连词，译为“然而，但是”，选项中一旦出现同性元素，它们必定不是正确答案，一旦发现选项中有同性元素存在，考生应立即将其排除掉。这样一来1题只剩下可选答案C、D，2题只剩下B、C，可选范围大大缩小，再根据上下文逻辑关系的判定即可得出正确答案和B。 7. 做好检查 填好空格后，应细读一遍，看文章是否完整，用词是否达意，上下文是否连贯，有无前后矛盾、逻辑错误，特别是一些考查词语搭配的地方要仔细斟酌。若在情景、语法、词汇、逻辑等方面都顺理成章的话，这篇完形填空就比较成功了。解题技巧篇1. 上下文暗示法He went to prepare a bill for it. But when the owner gave it to him, the thief looked very (9) _ and said, “I didnt mean to get something as expensive as that. Do you have anything (10) _?”9. Asurprised B. unhappy C. excited D. angry 9. surprised, 店主开出的价格肯定是很高，超出了小偷所想象的范围，这由下句“I didnt mean to get something as expensive as that .”也会得到启示的。所以当小偷看到价格时会感到很吃惊。10. A. else B. expensive C. better D. cheaper10. cheaper, 对应前边的 “as expensive as that” 可知这里应该填cheaper。这也是同expensive 相对比的原因。2. 逻辑推理法这种方法也叫语境推测法。完形填空题是一篇有完整内容的文章，各段各行之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。在所提供的选项中，有的从语法角度考虑是正确的，从语意上考虑就会自相矛盾，出现不合逻辑的现象。这时应从文章和句子的意思入手，对语法无误的几个选项通过分析对比，选出最符合上下文内在联系的答案。如：Harry Potter has just come, so he has _ friends in our class.A. much B. little C. few D. quite a fewmuch 和 little 不能和后面的可数名词 friends 连用，应先排除前两个选项;后面的两个选项都符合语法规则，都可以被选。这时，需要从语意上分析，既然“哈里波特刚刚来这儿”，按逻辑推理“在班上没几个朋友”才对。因此，应选表示否定意义的不定代词 few。如果把逻辑词 so 换成连词 but，就成了“虽然哈里波特刚刚来这儿，但是却有相当多的朋友”，这时选 D 才对。3. 固定搭配法（后附完形填空核心短语搭配表）英语中，固定句型和短语结构不仅是学习的难点，也是完形填空题测试的重点。固定搭配形式较多，有名词短语搭配、动词短语结构、介词短语搭配及成语等。这些固定搭配都是语言在长期的发展和演变过程中形成的，是语言的精华。只有在平时学习中认真积累，做题时才能得心应手。做这类题时，几乎不需要进行什么分析，立马就能锁定正确答案。如：I saw Mr. Green _ my way home.A. in B. of C. on D. toon ones way home 是个固定搭配，意思是“在回家的路上”，据此就可马上选定 C。4. 固定句式判断法 Life is not easy, so Id like to say “when anything happens, believe in yourself.” When I was 14, I was _ nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often laughed at me.A. so B. too C. very D. quite在这里运用了tooto句型，表示太而不能，在这里表示我太紧张而不敢跟人说话，所以选B。 5. 词义辨析法Yang Liwei was born in an ordinary family in Liaoning Province in 1965. He became a pilot of the Chinese Air Force 1987. He _ 1,350 hours in the air.A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost解析：动词辨析。四个选项都有“花费”的意思，pay和spend的主语一般是人，pay多指花费金钱，spend多指花费时间，金钱和精力；take常用于句型“it takes sb. Some time to do sth.”, it 作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，多指花费时间；cost主语常是物，多指花费时间，金钱和劳力。本句主语是he,排除C和 D，空格后是1，350小时，故选B.6. 了解生活常识，确定相关知识The officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the hospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。实例分析请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classesC. schoolsD. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helpingC. helps D. helpful 答题分三步：第一步： 通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步： 逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。8. 选D。读报英语习惯说read newspapers。来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。第三步： 复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。课堂练习AWhen you wave (挥手) to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be 1 . When you put one finger (手指) in front of your 2 , you mean Be quiet. Yet, people in different countries may use different sign languages. Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could speak 3 Italian. One day while he was walking in the street, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant (餐馆). When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips (嘴唇). In this way, he 6 to say, Bring me something to eat. But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 . First tea, then coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was 8 that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 9 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach (肚子). And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat. At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1. A. nice B. friendly C. fine D. well 2. A. eye B. hand C. mouth D. arm3. A. a littleB. fewC. a fewD. a little4. A. hungry B. tired C. sad D. worried 5. A. washed B. opened C. closed D. touched 6. A. dared B. meant C. had D. decided 7. A. eat B. drink C. carry D. play 8. A. happy B. glad C. sorry D. afraid 9. A. quick B. slow C. ready D. quiet 10. A. good B. bad C. bright D. wrong BXiao Qiang, a 12-year-old Chinese boy, has too many activities. His father _(1) him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice. “I do most of my _(2) in the car when we are (3) to practice, and I have to do the rest（剩余的） when I get home. I am too tired, I just want to sleep.” he said.“More and more kids become unhappy (4) they have too many activities to do.” Said Mr. Wang, an expert(专家) of Children Development. 41% of the children aged 9-13 said they felt (5) most of the time, and more than 75% of them said that they wished they had more (6) to play.“Over- scheduling(过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr Wang. It is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner (7) or often eat fast food (8) their way to drawing or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get (9) . Kids need time to relax. Parents should (10) about what is right for kids.1. A. takeB. takesC. tookD. has taken2. A. sportsB. businessC. homeworkD. housework3. A. ridingB. flyingC. walkingD. driving4. A. butB. ofC. becauseD. so5. A. excitedB. interestedC. worriedD. dangerous6. A. great timeB. full timeC. right timeD. free time7. A. slowlyB. quicklyC. quietlyD. happily8. A. onB. byC. inD. across9. A. tallerB. strongerC. olderD. better10. A. hearB. thinkC. lookD. tellC Do you often think of your parents? You may say, “Of course，I 1 . I buy a present for my mother on Mothers Day and on Fathers Day I give my father 2 , too.” But what about the other days of the year? I have a friend whose parents live in another cityOne day I went to see her. We had a niceconversation. Then she wanted to 3 . So she dialed(拨号) the number，but then she putdown the phone. After about fifteen 4 , she dialed the number again “Hi，Mom” Later I asked, “ 5 did you dial the number twice?” She smiled, “My parents are old and 6 . They cant get close to the telephone quickly. I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them 7 time to answer the call.”My friend is a good girl. She is 8 thinking about her parents. You also want to be a 9 child, right? Please always remember to 10 your parents in every situation，not just on some important days.1. Awill Bdo Cwont Ddont2. Aa cake Ba kiss Csome money Da present3. Amake a call Bpay a visit Chave a rest Dgo for a walk4. Aseconds Bminutes Chours Ddays5. AHow BWhat CWhy DWhen6. Afast Bslow Chealthy Dcareless7. Alittle Bquick Cno Denough8. Aalways Bnever Cseldom Dsometimes9. Abad Bclever Cgood Dsick10. Athink of Blook after Cring up D1isten to课后作业通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。AOne day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of money in itSo she made a 46“If anybody finds my purse and 47 it to me，Ill give half the money to him”A poor man 48 the purse near a shopHe sent it back to the woman，but the rich woman49“There was an expensive ring in my purse besides money，”said the woman, “I wont give you half the money in my purse until you return it to me”“But Ive never seen an expensive ring in 50 purse，”said the man They began to quarrel(争吵)The man became 51 and took her to a judge(法官)52 the judge heard what had happened to them，he said to the woman，“Im sure that you have lost a purse，and there is an expensive ring in itBut there is 53 a lot of money in this purseSo I dont think its yours54 some timeMaybe somebody will give your purse back”Then the judge 55 to the man and said，“Take the purse homeIf the owner doesnt come to get it back in two days，it will be yours”1Aface Bmistake Cpromise Dconversation2Agets Bshows Cpoints Dreturns3Ahad Bknew Cheard Dfound4Akept her word Bchanged her mind Ctried her best Dpulled her down5Ayour Bher Chis Dmy6Asad Bangry Cexcited DWorried7ABefore BThough CAfter DIf8Aonly Btruly Cnearly Dreally9AWait for BListen to CLook after DTalk about10Aran Bcame CWant DturnedBOne day a poor man was traveling on horseback. At noon, he tied his horse to a tree and then_21_to eat something. A few minutes later, a rich man came along and tied his horse to the same tree.“Please tie your horse to another