天津大学07级机械硕士英语期末考试试卷.pdf

1 ENGLISH PROFICIENCYEXAM FOR NON ENGLISHMAJOR POSTGRADUATESTUDENTS TIANJINUNIVERSITY Jan 26 2007 PART II Vocabulary Directions In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences For each sentencethere are 4 choices marked A B C andD Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with asingle line through the center 16 The minister of education recently promised incentive grants to the teacherswho intend to reform their teaching methods A obviousB colorful C substantialD resolute 17 in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last year sstudy A PromotionB Preference C PrecautionD Priority 18 Wealthy people often in winter days to warmer sunnier countries A motivateB migrate C immigrantD emigrate 19 To join afitness program must be within a certain height and weight range A votersB partners C designersD participants 20 Some demographers remain about the population growth and stress that population growth is at any rate in the long term a good thing A subjectiveB objective C hopelessD optimistic 21 The of undergraduate experience should be assessedby the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education A reactionB impact C capabilityD proficiency 22 Citizens are now enjoying better dental health as shown by the declining of tooth decay A consequenceB trait C accidentD incidence 23 The major goal of the tourism department is to more people to visit its country at the turn of the century A induceB respect C reduceD arouse 24 The workers strongly their factory director for neglect of duty A indicatedB demonstrated C announcedD denounced 25 Having shut himself in his study for a while he went to a movie to his mind from his worries A relaxB extract C attractD distract 2 PART III CLOZE Directions In this part of the test you ll read an incomplete passage with10 blanks Read the passagecarefully and choose the best answer from choices marked A B C and D Then on your ANSWERSHEET find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center Today it can be said that wheels run America The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay wheels 31 and people drive off to their jobs 32 turn and people shop for the week sfood at the big supermarket down the highway hubcaps whirl 33 the whole familyspends a day at the lake Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 millionnew cars roll out of the factories 34 every six Americans works at assembling cars driving trucks 35 roads or pumping gas America without cars It s 36 But even though the majority of Americans would find 37 to imagine what life would be like without a car 38 have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing Traffic accidents are increasing steadily and large cities are 39 by traffic congestion Worst of all perhaps is the air pollutioncaused bythe internal combustionengine Everycar engine 40 hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gasesinto the air These gasesare one 41 of the smog that hangs over large cities Some of these gasesare poisonous and dangerous to one shealth especially for someone with a 42 heartor arespiratory disease One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that 43 pollute That swhat several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do But building a clean car is 44 said than done So far progress has been slow Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal combustionengine Inventors are now workingon turbine powered cars as well as on cars powered by steam and 45 But most of us won tbe driving carsrun on batteries or boiling water for a while yet Many auto makers believe that it willtake years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam 31 A moveB moving C spinD spinning 32 A CarsB Workers C PeopleD Tires 33 A soB but C andD as 34 A AlmostB Among C One inD One out 35 A buildB built C to buildD building 36 A unthinkableB possible C predictableD uncertain 37 A hardB it hard C possibleD it possible 38 A someB few 3 C expertsD car makers 39 A embarrassedB plagued C panickedD paralyzed 40 A turnsB fires C burnsD purchases 41 A typeB resource C wayD source 42 A weakB kind C strongD quick 43 A doesnotB prevents C reducesD preserves 44 A oftenB easier C hardlyD no more 45 A gasB electricity C turbineD water PART IVREADING COMPREHENSION Passage1 In April1865 when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford sTheatre the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England In 1776 America sDeclaration of Independence declared that all men are created equal 44 years later we were wrestling with a question how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery In 1819 22 stateswere in the Union 11 Free 11 Slave The South seconomy was based on the growing of cotton and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves As new stateswere admitted to the Union the South wanted asmany as possible to be slave states not only to support their economy but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congressand quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri like a fireball in the night which awakened me and filled me with terror I considered it at once the knell 丧钟 of the nation War was avoided this time as compromise was reachedand Missouri would be admitted as a slave state Maine the next state admitted to the Union would be admitted as free thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress By1860 when the new Republican Party nominated AbrahamLincolnfor President compromise would no longer work Lincolnwanted to contain the spread of slavery With Lincoln selection in November of that year the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majorityto those who wished to abolish slavery It was in this sameyear that John Wilkes Booth said that So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp andI the power to crush Equally passionate Lincolnheld that Americawas the Last Best Hope on Earth for freedom The United States was unique in the family of nations Of all the nations in the world only America was governed by her people Kings Queens Princes or Emperors ruled all the old 4 countries where rights held by the government and given to the people In America rights were held by the people and given to the government The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decadesbefore yet here the United State beacon of Freedom had human bondage 奴役 Lincoln said it himself the nation cannot exist half slave and half free it must be all of onething or all of the other 46 Welearn from the first paragraph that A the seedsof theAmerican Civil War were sown when the nation was founded B John Wilkes Booth had plotted to killLincolnfrom the moment America gained its independence C all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of Independence D John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at the endof a performance in Ford sTheatre 47 The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in A religious faiths B political beliefs C economic interests D geographic differences 48 It canbe inferred from the context of Para 4 that A John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the south B the Democratic Party was strongly opposedto slavery C with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in Congress D the Civil War could have beenavoided if Lincoln had not won the election 49 What did Lincoln wish to do when hebecamePresident of the United States A Make compromises B Prevent the spread of slavery C Strike a balance D Get preparedfor war 50 In what way wasAmerica unique in the family of nations A It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery B It was the only nation that existed half slave and half free C It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people D It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people Passage2 Back in 1986 Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mousegene into a certain strain of mice causedchangesin the host mouse santibodies a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system A postdoctoral researcher in the lab Margot O Toole found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss Dr Thereza Imanishi Kari led O Toole to suspect defects or errors in the original researchand shemade her suspicions public One thing led to another and in time O Toole found herself in touch with two researchersat the National Institutes of Health N I H Ned Feder and Walter Stewart who had risen to public prominence in the mid 1980s as fraud busters These self appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness to 5 accusationsof dishonesty and cover up Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science the casecame before anN I H scientific panel The pressbegan to portray 描绘 the idealistic O Toole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors it was said wrongly that she had lost her job and her home and had been cold shouldered by the establishment The cover letter to a draft report from the N I H committee said Imanishi Kariwas guilty of serious scientificmisconduct and accused Baltimoreof a cover up The fact that he had stuck by his co workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged The crucialtime came in 1989 when Representative John Dingellpressed a series of Congressional hearings A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding not least by unaccountable scientists he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning alleging that the investigation representeda threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves becausethey alone could understand how science works Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi Kari slab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after the event tampering The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate and scienceitself seemedto beon trial This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University A whispering campaign probably involving jealousies forced Baltimore sresignation after just 18 months If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemedto unfold with all the inevitabilityof a Greek tragedy there was after a fashion a happy ending Eventually the pendulum 钟摆 of opinion started to swing Dingellbegan to be represented as a latter day Joseph McCarthy Imanishi Kariand Baltimore assumed O Toole srole of victim seenasthe targets of a new Galileo trial or a witch hunt being carried out by the science police When Imanishi Kariappealed against the findings afurther scientific review board was convened and shewas officiallyexonerated of 排除 嫌疑 fabrication She got tenure and in 1997 Baltimore no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology 51 The story took place when A fraud in science was becoming a public concern B Baltimore shonesty as ascientist was being questioned C there was agrowing awarenessof the misuse of Federal funds D genetic modification food seemedfeasible 52 In this story O Toole played the role of A a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John Dingell B an involuntary accomplice 同犯 帮凶 unfairly usedby the science police C an honest researcherwho dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winner D a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment 53 What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made A He questioned the right of Congressmento investigate the case B He stood by Imanishi Kari andtried to cover up her misconduct C He played into his opponents hands when he gaveO Toole the cold shoulder D He lost his cool andgot irritated when his authority was challenged 54 Judging from the context JosephMcCarthy was very probably aperson who A was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileo scase 6 B was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about awitch hunt C usedunsupported accusations to obtain his own purposes D was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries 55 It canbe inferred from this passagethat A science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in science B scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about nature C politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientists D it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in science PART VTRANSLATION Section A Directions Read the followingpassagein English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the spaceprovided on