初中英语语法连词.doc

连词一.概念 连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词在句子不能独立充当句子的成分。.二.知识点精讲(按语法含义分类)a.并列连词的用法：1.表示并列关系，有：and, bothand, not only but also和neithernor等1)and：和，并且A：基本用法：“and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特别用法：祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you,youll Go straight on, and youll see the library.=If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)bothand既也,(两者)都A、bothand构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Both Jim and Kate are from England.B、bothand否定句表示部分否定。You cant speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother arent doctors.3)neithernor:既不也不neithernor连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即采取就近原则。Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not onlybut also:不但而且not onlybut also连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表示转折关系，有：but, however, yet, still，while等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still someroom for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.3.表示选择关系，有：or, eitheror,whether or等。1)or：或、否则A:基本用法or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。-Is your friend English or American? -American.He doesnt like dumplings or noodles.B:特别用法祁使句后连接or ，表 “如果,否则”,有转折的意思，此时 or =if you dont ,youll Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.2)eitheror:或者或者; 不是就是；要么要么A. eitheror连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即就近原则。 Either you or I am right. Does either she or they like English?B. 由eitheror引导的否定句是完全否定。She isnt either a student or a teacher.3)whetheror不管还是She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.4.表示因果关系，有：for(因为)，so(所以)。He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold. It was late, so I went home.b.从属连词的用法：1.引导时间状语从句，有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Beijing, hell call me.1) when, while, as 都表示“当时”，when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边一边”。When I came in, my father was cooking.I came in when/while my father was cooking.He sang as he walked.2)until用法：当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到为止”；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，即not.until, 译为“直到才”。Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来)Mr. Green didnt go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉)2. 引导条件状语从句，有：if(如果), unless(除非，如果不)等。If you dont go soon, youll be late.=Unless you go soon, youll be late.3.引导原因状语从句，有 because, as, since等。because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。He didnt go to school because he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.Since everybody is here, lets begin.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.注意： because与 so不能同时使用。8.引导让步状语从句，有：although/though(虽然，尽管), even though/if (即使)Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him.注意：although/though 引导的从句不能与but连用，但可与yet, still连用。9.引导目的状语从句，有so that和in order that(以便，为了)等。The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.10.引导结果状语从句，有：so that(结果是)和so/suchthat(如此以至于)等。It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He got there so early that he got a good seat.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.11.引导比较状语从句，有： asas(与一样),not as/so as(不及，赶不上),和than(比)等。I know you better than she does. He works as carefully as she. I cant run as/so fast as you.12.引导名词性从句，有：that和 if/whether(是否)等。We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句) 注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.中考模拟题：类型一：考察并列连词：1、I dont like reading watching TV. What about you? “I dont like reading all day, I like watching TV plays.”A.and, butBand, andCor, andDor, but2、We bought Granny a present, she didnt like it.A. butBandCorD.so3、He is only ten months. He can read write.AeitherorBneithernorCbothandDsothat4、She said she might come Saturday Sunday AneithernorBneitherorCtootoDsothat5、If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow.AorBandCwithDbut6、My shoes are worn out, I need new ones.AsoBifCbecauseDand答案：1-6：DABBAA类型二：考察从属连词： 1、You wont know the value(价值) of the health you lose it.AuntilBafterCwhenDbecause2、It was already ten oclock we got to the museum this morning.AthatBwhenCifDfor3、Its a long time we met last. AsoBafterCsinceDbefore4、Ill give her the message she comes back. AsinceBbeforeCuntilDas soon as5、 the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each other.AWhileBIfCSinceDWhen6、People often mistake us for each other we are twins.Aif BwhenCbecauseDafter7、Read the sentences slowly we can understand what you read.Aso thatBbeforeCuntilDbecause答案：1-7：ABCDDCA1.Oh,IfailedagainDontloseheart.Onemoreeffort,_youwillsucceed.A. sothatB.thereforeC.howeverD.and2. _adifficultsituation,soyoushouldsendhimamessageandgivehimsomeadvice.A.AsheisinB.HeisinC.BeinginD.Hebeingin3. Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,_askmeforhelp.A.andnottoB.butnotC.andprefernotD.ratherthan4._enoughtime,butIcouldntdoitbetter.A.IwasgivenB.GivenC.TobegivenD.ThoughIwasgiven5.HowcanIwakeupsoearly?Setthealarmat5oclock,_youllmakeit.A.butB.orC.andD.so6.Forapersonwithreadinghabits,aprintedpagecontainsnotonlywords_ideas,thoughtsandfeelings.A.yetB.andC.orD.but7.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,_wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.A.soB.whileC.stillD.for8.Englishisunderstoodallovertheworld_TurkeyisspokenbyonlyafewpeopleoutsideTurkeyitself.A.whileB.whenC.ifD.as9.Iwasonthepointofgoingtobed_Mr.Zhangrang.A.asB.whenC.whileD.and10.Iaskedhimwhetherhehaddonealltheworkhimself_whetherhehadhadanyassistance.A.andB.butC.norD.or11.Insomecountries,_arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythepublic.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that12._happensintheworldmakesushappyandsadbyturns.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether13.Ireadaboutthisstoryinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which14.Oneofthemenpresentheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.whatC.thatD.thatwhat15._Ihadwalkedforsixhours,Iwastiredout.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.As16.Tommakeuphismindtogetaseatforthefootballmatch_itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.A.asifB.asthoughC.evenifD.whatever17.Therooffell_hehadtimetodashintothehousetosavehisbaby.A.asB.afterC.untilD.before18.Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue_itcomestoclassroomtests.A.asB.sinceC.whenD.after19.Ihavebeenkeepingthatphoto_Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmycollegedays.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.when20.Youmayborrowthisbook-_youpromisetogiveitback.A.incaseB.solongasC.asifD.evenif21._themangrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As22._youunderstandthisrule,youllhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.OnceB.UnlessC.AsD.Until23.Ihadnosoonergotbacktothekitchen_thedoor-bellrangloudenoughtowakethedead.A.whenB.thanC.asD.while24.Icriticizedhim,youknow,not_Ihatehimbut_Ilovehim.A.because;becauseB.because;forC.for;becauseD.for;for25._hestudieshard,hewillneverpasstheexamination.A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.Eventhough26.Sheworkedhard_everythingwouldbereadybythetimehecameback.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless27.Hewaited_thevolcanobecamequietandhewasabletoreturntwodayslater.A.whenB.beforeC.asD.until28.MayIgoandplayfootballwithDickthisafternoon,Dad?No,youcantgoout_yourworkisbeingdone.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.after29.AwarningnewsreportfromQatarannouncesthatagroupofIslamwillcontinuetokillAmericanswherevertheyare_theyleavetheArabworldforever.A.eventhoughB.incaseC.wheneverD.until30.IwassofamiliarwithherthatIrecognizedhervoice_Ipickedupthephone.A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.while1.D.考查“祈使句/名词+and+陈述句”句型。句意为：“再努力点，你就会成功的”。2.B.so(因此)是并列连词，引出一个表示结果的分句，前面应是一个表示原因的分句，而无需再用连词，排除A；C和D又不是句子，也错了。3.D.因为ratherthan是对称连词，意为“而不”()。4.A.因为but是并列连词，后面是个句子，前面也一定是个句子，而不是一个分词短语或不定式短语，更不能再用连词though，所以排除B、C和D。5.C.考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，意为“如果就”。虽然or也可用于此句型，但or是“否则、要不然”之意，如：Workhard,oryoullfail.(努力学习，否则就会不及格。)6.D.因为notonlybut(also)是固定搭配()。7.D.因为句中的并列连词for表示原因，是对前面分句所述内容的解释或补充说明。8.A.因为句中的并列连词while表示“对比或相反”。9.B.因为句中的并列连词when=justatthattime,意为“这时(突然)”。10.D.因为只有or才能表示选择，意为“(是)还是”。11.C。本题考查what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。句意为“在许多国家，所谓的“公立学校”并非公众拥有。12.B。本题考查引导主语从句的连接词。that引导主语从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，但不能省略。what除引导主语从句外,还在从句中作成分。which指一定范围内的“哪一个”；whether意为“是否”。根据句意“世上的事喜忧交替”可知答案为B()。13.D。该题考查宾语从句。可以看作是doesitmatterwhichbookitwas的省略。一定注意此题受母语干扰，很容易错选答案为A。只要抓住题干前一句Ireadaboutthisstoryinsomebookorother的提示，就可知道是指一定范围内的“哪一个”，故答案为D。14.D。that引导同位语从句；whatthebooksaid是同位语从句中的主语。15.A。本题考查以after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在之后”。句